P23415 (GLRA1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 29, 2013.
Version 149.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 Alternative name(s): Glycine receptor 48 kDa subunit Glycine receptor strychnine-binding subunit | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 457 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing). |
| Subunit structure | Pentamer composed of three alpha and two beta subunits. Homopentamers of alpha subunits also form functional receptors. Ref.6 |
| Subcellular location | Cell junction › synapse › postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. |
| Involvement in disease | Hyperekplexia 1 (HKPX1) [MIM:149400]: A neurologic disorder characterized by muscular rigidity of central nervous system origin, particularly in the neonatal period, and by an exaggerated startle response to unexpected acoustic or tactile stimuli. |
| Miscellaneous | The alpha subunit binds strychnine. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Glycine receptor (TC 1.A.9.3) subfamily. GLRA1 sub-subfamily. [View classification] |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform a (identifier: P23415-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform b (identifier: P23415-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 354-361: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 28 | 28 | Potential | ||||||||||||||
| Chain | 29 – 457 | 429 | Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 | PRO_0000000412 | |||||||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||||||
| Topological domain | 29 – 247 | 219 | Extracellular Probable | ||||||||||||||
| Transmembrane | 248 – 274 | 27 | Helical; Probable | ||||||||||||||
| Transmembrane | 281 – 298 | 18 | Helical; Probable | ||||||||||||||
| Transmembrane | 313 – 336 | 24 | Helical; Probable | ||||||||||||||
| Topological domain | 337 – 428 | 92 | Cytoplasmic Probable | ||||||||||||||
| Transmembrane | 429 – 446 | 18 | Helical; Probable | ||||||||||||||
| Region | 225 – 230 | 6 | Strychnine-binding By similarity | ||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 66 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Probable | ||||||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 166 ↔ 180 | Ref.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 226 ↔ 237 | Ref.5 | |||||||||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 354 – 361 | 8 | Missing in isoform b. | VSP_021142 | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 272 | 1 | I → N in HKPX1. Ref.13 | VAR_000296 | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 278 | 1 | P → T in HKPX1. Ref.19 | VAR_010112 | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 280 | 1 | R → H in HKPX1. Ref.18 | VAR_010113 | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 294 | 1 | Q → H in HKPX1. Ref.15 | VAR_000297 | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 299 | 1 | R → L in HKPX1; decreased potency of glycine to activate the channel. Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.12 | VAR_000298 | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 299 | 1 | R → Q in HKPX1; decreased potency of glycine to activate the channel. Ref.9 Ref.11 | VAR_000299 | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 304 | 1 | K → E in HKPX1. Ref.16 Ref.17 | VAR_000300 | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 307 | 1 | Y → C in HKPX1. Ref.10 Ref.14 | VAR_000301 | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 428 | 1 | R → H in HKPX1. Ref.18 | VAR_010114 | |||||||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 12 – 14 | 3 | WET → SGA in CAA36258. Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 33 | 1 | P → T in CAA36258. Ref.1 | ||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 279 – 291 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 294 – 301 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
| Helix | 305 – 313 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
| Helix | 315 – 335 | 21 | |||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Alpha subunit variants of the human glycine receptor: primary structures, functional expression and chromosomal localization of the corresponding genes." Grenningloh G., Schmieden V., Schofield P.R., Seeburg P.H., Siddique T., Mohandas T.K., Becker C.-M., Betz H. EMBO J. 9:771-776(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM B). |
| [2] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM B). |
| [3] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS A AND B). |
| [5] | "Mapping of disulfide bonds within the amino-terminal extracellular domain of the inhibitory glycine receptor." Vogel N., Kluck C.J., Melzer N., Schwarzinger S., Breitinger U., Seeber S., Becker C.M. J. Biol. Chem. 284:36128-36136(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISULFIDE BONDS. |
| [6] | "Stoichiometry of the human glycine receptor revealed by direct subunit counting." Durisic N., Godin A.G., Wever C.M., Heyes C.D., Lakadamyali M., Dent J.A. J. Neurosci. 32:12915-12920(2012) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SUBUNIT STOICHIOMETRY. |
| [7] | "NMR structure and backbone dynamics of the extended second transmembrane domain of the human neuronal glycine receptor alpha1 subunit." Yushmanov V.E., Mandal P.K., Liu Z., Tang P., Xu Y. Biochemistry 42:3989-3995(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 277-304. |
| [8] | "Structure and dynamics of the second and third transmembrane domains of human glycine receptor." Ma D., Liu Z., Li L., Tang P., Xu Y. Biochemistry 44:8790-8800(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 278-337. |
| [9] | "Mutations in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor cause the dominant neurologic disorder, hyperekplexia." Shiang R., Ryan S.G., Zhu Y.-Z., Hahn A.F., O'Connell P., Wasmuth J.J. Nat. Genet. 5:351-357(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS HKPX1 LEU-299 AND GLN-299. |
| [10] | "Mutational and haplotype analysis of the aplha1 subunit of the glycine receptor in hyperekplexia patients." Shiang R., Ryan S.G., Zhu Y.-Z., O'Connell P., Wasmuth J.J. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 55:A242-A242(1994) Cited for: VARIANT HKPX1 CYS-307. |
| [11] | "Decreased agonist affinity and chloride conductance of mutant glycine receptors associated with human hereditary hyperekplexia." Langosch D., Laube B., Runstroem N., Schmieden V., Bormann J., Betz H. EMBO J. 13:4223-4228(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS HKPX1 LEU-299 AND GLN-299. |
| [12] | "An additional family with Startle disease and a G1192A mutation at the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor gene." Schorderet D.F., Pescia G., Bernasconi A., Regli F. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3:1201-1201(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT HKPX1 LEU-299. |
| [13] | "Evidence for recessive as well as dominant forms of startle disease (hyperekplexia) caused by mutations in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor." Rees M.I., Andrew M., Jawad S., Owen M.J. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3:2175-2179(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT HKPX1 ASN-272. |
| [14] | "Mutational analysis of familial and sporadic hyperekplexia." Shiang R., Ryan S.G., Zhu Y.-Z., Fielder T.J., Allen R.J., Fryer A., Yamashita S., O'Connell P., Wasmuth J.J. Ann. Neurol. 38:85-91(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT HKPX1 CYS-307. |
| [15] | "A novel mutation (Gln266-->His) in the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine-receptor gene (GLRA1) in hereditary hyperekplexia." Milani N., Dalpra L., del Prete A., Zanini R., Larizza L. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 58:420-422(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT HKPX1 HIS-294. |
| [16] | "Analysis of GLRA1 in hereditary and sporadic hyperekplexia: a novel mutation in a family cosegregating for hyperekplexia and spastic paraparesis." Elmslie F.V., Hutchings S.M., Spencer V., Curtis A., Covanis T., Gardiner R.M., Rees M. J. Med. Genet. 33:435-436(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT HKPX1 GLU-304. |
| [17] | "Startle disease in an Italian family by mutation (K276E): the alpha-subunit of the inhibiting glycine receptor." Seri M., Bolino A., Galietta L.J.V., Lerone M., Silengo M., Romeo G. Hum. Mutat. 9:185-187(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT HKPX1 GLU-304. |
| [18] | "Hyperekplexia phenotype due to compound heterozygosity for GLRA1 gene mutations." Vergouwe M.N., Tijssen M.A., Peters A.C., Wielaard R., Frants R.R. Ann. Neurol. 46:634-638(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS HKPX1 HIS-280 AND HIS-428. |
| [19] | "Novel GLRA1 missense mutation (P250T) in dominant hyperekplexia defines an intracellular determinant of glycine receptor channel gating." Saul B., Kuner T., Sobetzko D., Brune W., Hanefeld F., Meinck H.-M., Becker C.-M. J. Neurosci. 19:869-877(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT HKPX1 THR-278. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | X52009 mRNA. Translation: CAA36258.1. AK312702 mRNA. Translation: BAG35580.1. CH471062 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW61657.1. BC074980 mRNA. Translation: AAH74980.1. BC114947 mRNA. Translation: AAI14948.1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00011565. IPI00795343. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PIR | S12382. | ||||||||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_000162.2. NM_000171.3. NP_001139512.1. NM_001146040.1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.121490. | ||||||||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
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| ProteinModelPortal | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| DIP | DIP-48768N. | ||||||||||||||||||
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000274576. | ||||||||||||||||||
Protein family/group databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| TCDB | 1.A.9.3.1. neurotransmitter receptor, cys loop, ligand-gated ion channel (LIC) family. | ||||||||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| DMDM | 116242495. | ||||||||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| PaxDb | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PRIDE | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000274576; ENSP00000274576; ENSG00000145888. ENST00000455880; ENSP00000411593; ENSG00000145888. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GeneID | 2741. | ||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:2741. | ||||||||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc003lur.3. human. uc003lut.3. human. | ||||||||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| CTD | 2741. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC05M151182. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:4326. GLRA1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HPA | HPA016502. | ||||||||||||||||||
| MIM | 138491. gene. 149400. phenotype. | ||||||||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Orphanet | 3197. Hereditary hyperekplexia. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA28727. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| eggNOG | NOG265706. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HOGENOM | HOG000231336. | ||||||||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG051707. | ||||||||||||||||||
| InParanoid | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
| KO | K05193. | ||||||||||||||||||
| OMA | NTANPVP. | ||||||||||||||||||
| OrthoDB | EOG4TF0KF. | ||||||||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_15518. Transmembrane transport of small molecules. | ||||||||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bgee | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_GLRA1. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000145888. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gene3D | 2.70.170.10. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR006028. GABAA_rcpt. IPR008127. Glycine_rcpt_A. IPR008128. Glycine_rcpt_A1. IPR006202. Neur_chan_lig-bd. IPR006201. Neur_channel. IPR006029. Neurotrans-gated_channel_TM. IPR018000. Neurotransmitter_ion_chnl_CS. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| PANTHER | PTHR18945. PTHR18945. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF02931. Neur_chan_LBD. 1 hit. PF02932. Neur_chan_memb. 2 hits. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| PRINTS | PR00253. GABAARECEPTR. PR01673. GLYRALPHA. PR01674. GLYRALPHA1. PR00252. NRIONCHANNEL. | ||||||||||||||||||
| SUPFAM | SSF90112. Neu_channel_TM. 1 hit. SSF63712. Neur_chan_LBD. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| TIGRFAMs | TIGR00860. LIC. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00236. NEUROTR_ION_CHANNEL. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||
| BindingDB | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL5845. | ||||||||||||||||||
| DrugBank | DB01189. Desflurane. DB00228. Enflurane. DB00898. Ethanol. DB00145. Glycine. DB01159. Halothane. DB00753. Isoflurane. DB01028. Methoxyflurane. DB01236. Sevoflurane. | ||||||||||||||||||
| EvolutionaryTrace | P23415. | ||||||||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 2741. | ||||||||||||||||||
| NextBio | 10804. | ||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | GLRA1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P23415 Secondary accession number(s): B2R6T3, Q14C77, Q6DJV9 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 5 Human chromosome 5: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
