ID CNR1_HUMAN Reviewed; 472 AA. AC P21554; B2R9T4; E1P512; Q13949; Q495Z0; Q4PLI4; Q4VBM6; Q5JVL5; Q5UB37; AC Q9UNN0; DT 01-MAY-1991, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-MAY-1991, sequence version 1. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 226. DE RecName: Full=Cannabinoid receptor 1; DE Short=CB-R; DE Short=CB1; DE AltName: Full=CANN6; GN Name=CNR1; Synonyms=CNR; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Brain stem; RX PubMed=2263478; DOI=10.1093/nar/18.23.7142; RA Gerard C., Mollereau C., Vassart G., Parmentier M.; RT "Nucleotide sequence of a human cannabinoid receptor cDNA."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 18:7142-7142(1990). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), AND FUNCTION. RC TISSUE=Brain stem; RX PubMed=1718258; DOI=10.1042/bj2790129; RA Gerard C., Mollereau C., Vassart G., Parmentier M.; RT "Molecular cloning of a human cannabinoid receptor which is also expressed RT in testis."; RL Biochem. J. 279:129-134(1991). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). RC TISSUE=Lung; RX PubMed=7876112; DOI=10.1074/jbc.270.8.3726; RA Shire D., Carillon C., Kaghad M., Calandra B., Rinaldi-Carmona M., RA Le Fur G., Caput D., Ferrara P.; RT "An amino-terminal variant of the central cannabinoid receptor resulting RT from alternative splicing."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 270:3726-3731(1995). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 3), FUNCTION (ISOFORMS 1; 2 AND 3), AND RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RC TISSUE=Fetal brain; RX PubMed=15620723; DOI=10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.085; RA Ryberg E., Vu H.K., Larsson N., Groblewski T., Hjorth S., Elebring T., RA Sjoegren S., Greasley P.J.; RT "Identification and characterisation of a novel splice variant of the human RT CB1 receptor."; RL FEBS Lett. 579:259-264(2005). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Hippocampus; RA Kathmann M., Schlicker E.; RL Submitted (NOV-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RA Bonner T.I.; RL Submitted (NOV-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [7] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Brain tumor; RA Kumar S., Gupta S., Sharma G.; RL Submitted (MAY-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [8] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RA Kopatz S.A., Aronstam R.S., Sharma S.V.; RT "cDNA clones of human proteins involved in signal transduction sequenced by RT the Guthrie cDNA resource center (www.cdna.org)."; RL Submitted (JAN-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [9] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Hippocampus; RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285; RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S., RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., RA Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., RA Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., RA Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., RA Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., RA Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., RA Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., RA Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., RA Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., RA Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., RA Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., RA Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., RA Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., RA Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., RA Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., RA Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., RA Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., RA Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., RA Isogai T., Sugano S.; RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human RT cDNAs."; RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004). RN [10] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=14574404; DOI=10.1038/nature02055; RA Mungall A.J., Palmer S.A., Sims S.K., Edwards C.A., Ashurst J.L., RA Wilming L., Jones M.C., Horton R., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Gilbert J.G.R., RA Clamp M.E., Bethel G., Milne S., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., RA Andrews T.D., Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., RA Banerjee R., Barker D.J., Barlow K.F., Bates K., Beare D.M., Beasley H., RA Beasley O., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bray-Allen S., Brook J., Brown A.J., RA Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., RA Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clark G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V., RA Collier R.E., Collins J.E., Colman L.K., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., RA Culley K.M., Dhami P., Davies J., Dunn M., Earthrowl M.E., Ellington A.E., RA Evans K.A., Faulkner L., Francis M.D., Frankish A., Frankland J., RA French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Ghori M.J., Gilby L.M., Gillson C.J., RA Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Grant M., Gribble S., Griffiths C., RA Griffiths M.N.D., Hall R., Halls K.S., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E.A., RA Heath P.D., Heathcott R., Holmes S.J., Howden P.J., Howe K.L., Howell G.R., RA Huckle E., Humphray S.J., Humphries M.D., Hunt A.R., Johnson C.M., RA Joy A.A., Kay M., Keenan S.J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., RA Langford C., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Leversha M., Lloyd C.R., RA Lloyd D.M., Loveland J.E., Lovell J., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., RA Maslen G.L., Matthews L., McCann O.T., McLaren S.J., McLay K., McMurray A., RA Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Niblett D., Nickerson T., Novik K.L., RA Oliver K., Overton-Larty E.K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., RA Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S., Plumb R.W., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., RA Ranby S.A., Rice C.M., Ross M.T., Searle S.M., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., RA Skuce C.D., Smith S., Smith M., Spraggon L., Squares S.L., Steward C.A., RA Sycamore N., Tamlyn-Hall G., Tester J., Theaker A.J., Thomas D.W., RA Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tubby B., Wall M., Wallis J.M., RA West A.P., White S.S., Whitehead S.L., Whittaker H., Wild A., Willey D.J., RA Wilmer T.E., Wood J.M., Wray P.W., Wyatt J.C., Young L., Younger R.M., RA Bentley D.R., Coulson A., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Sulston J.E., Dunham I., RA Rogers J., Beck S.; RT "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6."; RL Nature 425:805-811(2003). RN [11] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., RA Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., RA Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., RA Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., RA Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., RA Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., RA Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [12] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Lung; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [13] RP REVIEW ON INVOLVEMENT IN NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS. RX PubMed=32549916; DOI=10.1007/s13167-020-00203-4; RA Reddy V., Grogan D., Ahluwalia M., Salles E.L., Ahluwalia P., Khodadadi H., RA Alverson K., Nguyen A., Raju S.P., Gaur P., Braun M., Vale F.L., RA Costigliola V., Dhandapani K., Baban B., Vaibhav K.; RT "Targeting the endocannabinoid system: a predictive, preventive, and RT personalized medicine-directed approach to the management of brain RT pathologies."; RL EPMA J. 11:217-250(2020). RN [14] RP INVOLVEMENT IN HUNTINGTON DISEASE. RX PubMed=8255419; DOI=10.1016/0306-4522(93)90352-g; RA Glass M., Faull R.L., Dragunow M.; RT "Loss of cannabinoid receptors in the substantia nigra in Huntington's RT disease."; RL Neuroscience 56:523-527(1993). RN [15] RP INVOLVEMENT IN HUNTINGTON DISEASE. RX PubMed=10828533; DOI=10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00008-7; RA Glass M., Dragunow M., Faull R.L.; RT "The pattern of neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease: a comparative RT study of cannabinoid, dopamine, adenosine and GABA(A) receptor alterations RT in the human basal ganglia in Huntington's disease."; RL Neuroscience 97:505-519(2000). RN [16] RP FUNCTION, AND INTERACTION WITH CNRIP1. RC TISSUE=Brain; RX PubMed=17895407; DOI=10.1124/mol.107.039263; RA Niehaus J.L., Liu Y., Wallis K.T., Egertova M., Bhartur S.G., RA Mukhopadhyay S., Shi S., He H., Selley D.E., Howlett A.C., Elphick M.R., RA Lewis D.L.; RT "CB1 cannabinoid receptor activity is modulated by the cannabinoid receptor RT interacting protein CRIP 1a."; RL Mol. Pharmacol. 72:1557-1566(2007). RN [17] RP ACTIVITY REGULATION. RX PubMed=18077343; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0706980105; RA Heimann A.S., Gomes I., Dale C.S., Pagano R.L., Gupta A., de Souza L.L., RA Luchessi A.D., Castro L.M., Giorgi R., Rioli V., Ferro E.S., Devi L.A.; RT "Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:20588-20593(2007). RN [18] RP FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, PALMITOYLATION AT CYS-415, AND MUTAGENESIS RP OF CYS-415. RX PubMed=21895628; DOI=10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01658.x; RA Oddi S., Dainese E., Sandiford S., Fezza F., Lanuti M., Chiurchiu V., RA Totaro A., Catanzaro G., Barcaroli D., De Laurenzi V., Centonze D., RA Mukhopadhyay S., Selent J., Howlett A.C., Maccarrone M.; RT "Effects of palmitoylation of Cys(415) in helix 8 of the CB(1) cannabinoid RT receptor on membrane localization and signalling."; RL Br. J. Pharmacol. 165:2635-2651(2012). RN [19] RP INVOLVEMENT IN OBESITY. RX PubMed=18177726; DOI=10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.012; RA Addy C., Wright H., Van Laere K., Gantz I., Erondu N., Musser B.J., Lu K., RA Yuan J., Sanabria-Bohorquez S.M., Stoch A., Stevens C., Fong T.M., RA De Lepeleire I., Cilissen C., Cote J., Rosko K., Gendrano I.N. III, RA Nguyen A.M., Gumbiner B., Rothenberg P., de Hoon J., Bormans G., Depre M., RA Eng W.S., Ravussin E., Klein S., Blundell J., Herman G.A., Burns H.D., RA Hargreaves R.J., Wagner J., Gottesdiener K., Amatruda J.M., RA Heymsfield S.B.; RT "The acyclic CB1R inverse agonist taranabant mediates weight loss by RT increasing energy expenditure and decreasing caloric intake."; RL Cell Metab. 7:68-78(2008). RN [20] RP INVOLVEMENT IN HUNTINGTON DISEASE. RX PubMed=19524019; DOI=10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014; RA Dowie M.J., Bradshaw H.B., Howard M.L., Nicholson L.F., Faull R.L., RA Hannan A.J., Glass M.; RT "Altered CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid levels precede motor symptom RT onset in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease."; RL Neuroscience 163:456-465(2009). RN [21] RP FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION BY ENDOCANNABINOID ANANDAMIDE. RX PubMed=23955712; DOI=10.1038/nm.3265; RA Jourdan T., Godlewski G., Cinar R., Bertola A., Szanda G., Liu J., Tam J., RA Han T., Mukhopadhyay B., Skarulis M.C., Ju C., Aouadi M., Czech M.P., RA Kunos G.; RT "Activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in infiltrating macrophages by RT endocannabinoids mediates beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes."; RL Nat. Med. 19:1132-1140(2013). RN [22] RP INVOLVEMENT IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. RX PubMed=30096288; DOI=10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.007; RA Aso E., Andres-Benito P., Ferrer I.; RT "Genetic deletion of CB1 cannabinoid receptors exacerbates the Alzheimer- RT like symptoms in a transgenic animal model."; RL Biochem. Pharmacol. 157:210-216(2018). RN [23] RP INVOLVEMENT IN PARKINSON DISEASE. RX PubMed=31342135; DOI=10.1007/s00259-019-04445-x; RA Ceccarini J., Casteels C., Ahmad R., Crabbe M., Van de Vliet L., RA Vanhaute H., Vandenbulcke M., Vandenberghe W., Van Laere K.; RT "Regional changes in the type 1 cannabinoid receptor are associated with RT cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease."; RL Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 46:2348-2357(2019). RN [24] RP STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 338-346, INTERACTION WITH GNAI1, AND MUTAGENESIS OF RP 341-LEU-ALA-342. RX PubMed=12237474; DOI=10.1110/ps.0218402; RA Ulfers A.L., McMurry J.L., Miller A., Wang L., Kendall D.A., Mierke D.F.; RT "Cannabinoid receptor-G protein interactions: G(alphai1)-bound structures RT of IC3 and a mutant with altered G protein specificity."; RL Protein Sci. 11:2526-2531(2002). RN [25] {ECO:0007744|PDB:5TGZ} RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.80 ANGSTROMS) OF 99-306 AND 332-414, FUNCTION, AND RP TOPOLOGY. RX PubMed=27768894; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.004; RA Hua T., Vemuri K., Pu M., Qu L., Han G.W., Wu Y., Zhao S., Shui W., Li S., RA Korde A., Laprairie R.B., Stahl E.L., Ho J.H., Zvonok N., Zhou H., RA Kufareva I., Wu B., Zhao Q., Hanson M.A., Bohn L.M., Makriyannis A., RA Stevens R.C., Liu Z.J.; RT "Crystal structure of the human cannabinoid receptor CB1."; RL Cell 167:750-762(2016). RN [26] {ECO:0007744|PDB:5U09} RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.60 ANGSTROMS) OF 90-301 AND 334-421 IN COMPLEX RP WITH INVERSE AGONIST TARANABANT, MUTAGENESIS OF THR-210, TOPOLOGY, AND RP FUNCTION. RX PubMed=27851727; DOI=10.1038/nature20613; RA Shao Z., Yin J., Chapman K., Grzemska M., Clark L., Wang J., RA Rosenbaum D.M.; RT "High-resolution crystal structure of the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor."; RL Nature 540:602-606(2016). CC -!- FUNCTION: G-protein coupled receptor for endogenous cannabinoids CC (eCBs), including N-arachidonoylethanolamide (also called anandamide or CC AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as well as phytocannabinoids, CC such as delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (PubMed:15620723, CC PubMed:27768894, PubMed:27851727). Mediates many cannabinoid-induced CC effects, acting, among others, on food intake, memory loss, CC gastrointestinal motility, catalepsy, ambulatory activity, anxiety, CC chronic pain. Signaling typically involves reduction in cyclic AMP CC (PubMed:1718258, PubMed:21895628, PubMed:27768894). In the CC hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration CC depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type. CC Increases respiration at low doses, while decreases respiration at high CC doses. At high doses, CNR1 signal transduction involves G-protein CC alpha-i protein activation and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial CC soluble adenylate cyclase, decrease in cyclic AMP concentration, CC inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of CC specific subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport system, CC including NDUFS2. In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin-induced reactive CC oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid-induced CC increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression. In response to CC cannabinoids, drives the release of orexigenic beta-endorphin, but not CC that of melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha/alpha-MSH, from CC hypothalamic POMC neurons, hence promoting food intake. In the CC hippocampus, regulates cellular respiration and energy production in CC response to cannabinoids. Involved in cannabinoid-dependent CC depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a process in CC which depolarization of CA1 postsynaptic pyramidal neurons mobilizes CC eCBs, which retrogradely activate presynaptic CB1 receptors, CC transiently decreasing GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Also CC reduces excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). In superior CC cervical ganglions and cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits CC voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a constitutive, as well as agonist- CC dependent manner (PubMed:17895407). In cerebral vascular smooth muscle CC cells, cannabinoid-induced inhibition of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels CC leads to vasodilation and decreased vascular tone (By similarity). CC Induces leptin production in adipocytes and reduces LRP2-mediated CC leptin clearance in the kidney, hence participating in hyperleptinemia. CC In adipose tissue, CNR1 signaling leads to increased expression of CC SREBF1, ACACA and FASN genes (By similarity). In the liver, activation CC by endocannabinoids leads to increased de novo lipogenesis and reduced CC fatty acid catabolism, associated with increased expression of CC SREBF1/SREBP-1, GCK, ACACA, ACACB and FASN genes. May also affect de CC novo cholesterol synthesis and HDL-cholesteryl ether uptake. CC Peripherally modulates energy metabolism (By similarity). In high CC carbohydrate diet-induced obesity, may decrease the expression of CC mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase/DLD in striated muscles, as CC well as that of selected glucose/ pyruvate metabolic enzymes, hence CC affecting energy expenditure through mitochondrial metabolism (By CC similarity). In response to cannabinoid anandamide, elicits a pro- CC inflammatory response in macrophages, which involves NLRP3 inflammasome CC activation and IL1B and IL18 secretion (By similarity). In macrophages CC infiltrating pancreatic islets, this process may participate in the CC progression of type-2 diabetes and associated loss of pancreatic beta- CC cells (PubMed:23955712). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O02777, CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P47746, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15620723, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:1718258, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17895407, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:21895628, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23955712, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727}. CC -!- FUNCTION: [Isoform 1]: Binds both 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and CC anandamide. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15620723}. CC -!- FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: Only binds 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) with CC high affinity. Contrary to its effect on isoform 1, 2-AG behaves as an CC inverse agonist on isoform 2 in assays measuring GTP binding to CC membranes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15620723}. CC -!- FUNCTION: [Isoform 3]: Only binds 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) with CC high affinity. Contrary to its effect on isoform 1, 2-AG behaves as an CC inverse agonist on isoform 3 in assays measuring GTP binding to CC membranes. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15620723}. CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Hemopressin, a peptide derived from hemoglobin CC subunit alpha (HBA1 and/or HBA2), acts as an antagonist peptide: CC hemopressin-binding efficiently blocks cannabinoid receptor CNR1 and CC subsequent signaling. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18077343}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts (via C-terminus) with CNRIP1; this interaction CC attenuates constitutive, but not agonist-dependent, inhibition of CC voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in neurons (PubMed:17895407). Associates CC with G protein alpha subunits, including G(i) alpha-1/GNAI1, G(i) CC alpha-3/GNAI3 and G(o)-alpha/GNAO1; palmitoylation is important for CC interaction with GNAI3 and GNAO1 (PubMed:12237474). CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12237474, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17895407}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC P21554; P29274: ADORA2A; NbExp=8; IntAct=EBI-2909859, EBI-2902702; CC P21554; P21554: CNR1; NbExp=8; IntAct=EBI-2909859, EBI-2909859; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21895628}; CC Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727}. Membrane raft CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21895628}. Mitochondrion outer membrane CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P47746}. Cell projection, axon CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P20272}. Presynapse CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P20272}. Note=Unexpectedly, in the mitochondria, CC the C-terminus is located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, a CC compartment topologically considered as extracellular. In canonical CC seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors, the C-terminus is CC cytosolic (By similarity). Found on presynaptic axon terminals in some CC GABAergic neurons in the somatosensory cortex (By similarity). CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P20272, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P47746}. CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3; CC Name=1; Synonyms=Long; CC IsoId=P21554-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; Synonyms=CB1a {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15620723}, Short; CC IsoId=P21554-2; Sequence=VSP_001868; CC Name=3; Synonyms=CB1b {ECO:0000303|PubMed:15620723}; CC IsoId=P21554-3; Sequence=VSP_016529; CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed, with highest levels in fetal and CC adult brain. Expression levels of isoform 2 and isoform 3 are much CC lower than those of isoform 1. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15620723}. CC -!- INDUCTION: Up-regulated by endocannabinoid anandamide. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23955712}. CC -!- PTM: Palmitoylation at Cys-415 is important for recruitment at plasma CC membrane and lipid rafts and association with G protein alpha subunits. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21895628}. CC -!- DISEASE: Obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:601665]: A condition characterized by CC an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and CC physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body CC fat. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18177726}. Note=The protein represented in CC this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis. May contribute to CC the development of diet-induced obesity and several obesity-associated CC features, such as dyslipidemia and liver steatosis, regulating CC peripheral lipogenesis, energy expenditure and feeding behavior. CNR1 CC inverse agonists have been shown to reduce body weight and improve CC metabolic abnormalities in obese subjects, although adverse CC neuropsychiatric effects, including anxiety, irritability, and CC depressed mood, halted their therapeutic development (PubMed:18177726). CC In obese mice, peripherally restricted CNR1 inverse agonists have been CC shown to normalize metabolic abnormalities, including insulin CC resistance and fatty liver, and to reverse leptin resistance. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18177726}. CC -!- DISEASE: Note=Dysfunction of the endogenous cannabinoid system CC including CNR1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of CC central nervous system disorders, including Huntington disease, CC Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease (PubMed:32549916). In post- CC mortem brains from Huntington disease patients, a progressive CNR1 loss CC has been observed in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and substantia nigra CC pars reticulata, and altered expression and abnormal endocannabinoid CC levels precede motor symptoms in a disease mouse model (PubMed:8255419, CC PubMed:10828533, PubMed:19524019). In Parkinson disease, low CNR1 CC expression in mid-superior frontal gyrus and mid-cingulate cortex has CC been associated with poor mind, poor executive functioning and poor CC episode memory, while patients with more severe visuospatial CC dysfunction showed decreased receptor availability in the precuneus, CC mid-cingulate, supplementary motor cortex, inferior orbitofrontal gyrus CC and thalamus (PubMed:31342135). In an animal model for Alzheimer CC disease, CNR1 heterozygous deletion has been associated with decreased CC levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (DLG4/PSD95) and accelerated CC memory impairment, suggesting synaptic dysfunction and a crucial role CC for CNR1 in the progression of disease symptoms (PubMed:30096288, CC PubMed:8255419, PubMed:10828533, PubMed:19524019, PubMed:31342135). CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10828533, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19524019, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:30096288, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31342135, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:32549916, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8255419}. CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: High-fat diet also increases the hepatic levels of CNR1 CC ligand anandamide, but not that of 2-arachidonoylglycerol. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P47746}. CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: [Isoform 2]: Dubious isoform. A putative downstream CC initiation AUG is used to produce isoform 2 (PubMed:1718258). The use CC of the first AUG (same as isoform 1) gives a truncated protein of 36 CC AA. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:1718258}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. CC {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00521}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; X54937; CAA38699.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; X81120; CAA57018.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; X81121; CAA57019.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AY766182; AAV35030.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AF107262; AAD34320.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; U73304; AAB18200.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; DQ067455; AAY68486.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AY225225; AAO67710.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AL136096; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AK313908; BAG36631.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; CH471051; EAW48574.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471051; EAW48575.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471051; EAW48576.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC074811; AAH74811.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC074812; AAH74812.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC095513; AAH95513.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC100968; AAI00969.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC100969; AAI00970.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC100970; AAI00971.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC100971; AAI00972.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS5015.1; -. [P21554-1] DR CCDS; CCDS5016.2; -. [P21554-3] DR PIR; S17595; S17595. DR RefSeq; NP_001153698.1; NM_001160226.1. [P21554-1] DR RefSeq; NP_001153730.1; NM_001160258.1. [P21554-1] DR RefSeq; NP_001153731.1; NM_001160259.1. [P21554-1] DR RefSeq; NP_057167.2; NM_016083.4. [P21554-1] DR RefSeq; NP_149421.2; NM_033181.3. [P21554-3] DR RefSeq; XP_006715393.1; XM_006715330.3. DR RefSeq; XP_011533726.1; XM_011535424.1. DR RefSeq; XP_011533727.1; XM_011535425.1. DR RefSeq; XP_011533728.1; XM_011535426.1. DR RefSeq; XP_011533730.1; XM_011535428.1. DR RefSeq; XP_016865727.1; XM_017010238.1. DR RefSeq; XP_016865728.1; XM_017010239.1. DR RefSeq; XP_016865729.1; XM_017010240.1. DR PDB; 1LVQ; NMR; -; A=338-346. DR PDB; 1LVR; NMR; -; A=338-346. DR PDB; 2B0Y; NMR; -; A=400-414. DR PDB; 2KOE; NMR; -; A=377-414. DR PDB; 2MZ2; NMR; -; A=400-414. DR PDB; 2MZ3; NMR; -; A=400-414. DR PDB; 2MZA; NMR; -; A=400-414. DR PDB; 5TGZ; X-ray; 2.80 A; A=99-306, A=332-414. DR PDB; 5U09; X-ray; 2.60 A; A=90-301, A=333-421. DR PDB; 5XR8; X-ray; 2.95 A; A=99-306, A=332-414. DR PDB; 5XRA; X-ray; 2.80 A; A=99-306, A=332-414. DR PDB; 6KPG; EM; 3.00 A; R=71-425. DR PDB; 6KQI; X-ray; 3.25 A; A=94-301, A=334-413. DR PDB; 6N4B; EM; 3.00 A; R=1-472. DR PDB; 7FEE; X-ray; 2.70 A; A=74-305, A=333-414. DR PDB; 7V3Z; X-ray; 3.29 A; A=102-306, A=336-414. DR PDB; 7WV9; EM; 3.36 A; R=1-472. DR PDB; 8GHV; EM; 2.80 A; D=1-472. DR PDBsum; 1LVQ; -. DR PDBsum; 1LVR; -. DR PDBsum; 2B0Y; -. DR PDBsum; 2KOE; -. DR PDBsum; 2MZ2; -. DR PDBsum; 2MZ3; -. DR PDBsum; 2MZA; -. DR PDBsum; 5TGZ; -. DR PDBsum; 5U09; -. DR PDBsum; 5XR8; -. DR PDBsum; 5XRA; -. DR PDBsum; 6KPG; -. DR PDBsum; 6KQI; -. DR PDBsum; 6N4B; -. DR PDBsum; 7FEE; -. DR PDBsum; 7V3Z; -. DR PDBsum; 7WV9; -. DR PDBsum; 8GHV; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; P21554; -. DR EMDB; EMD-0339; -. DR EMDB; EMD-0745; -. DR EMDB; EMD-32850; -. DR SMR; P21554; -. DR BioGRID; 107668; 9. DR DIP; DIP-61575N; -. DR IntAct; P21554; 12. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000358513; -. DR BindingDB; P21554; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL218; -. DR DrugBank; DB05750; AVE-1625. DR DrugBank; DB09061; Cannabidiol. DR DrugBank; DB00470; Dronabinol. DR DrugBank; DB14009; Medical Cannabis. DR DrugBank; DB00486; Nabilone. DR DrugBank; DB14011; Nabiximols. DR DrugBank; DB11745; Otenabant. DR DrugBank; DB09288; Propacetamol. DR DrugBank; DB02955; Ricinoleic acid. DR DrugBank; DB06155; Rimonabant. DR DrugBank; DB05077; SLV319. DR DrugBank; DB11755; Tetrahydrocannabivarin. DR DrugBank; DB05201; V24343. DR DrugCentral; P21554; -. DR GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY; 56; -. DR SwissLipids; SLP:000001607; -. DR TCDB; 9.A.14.2.2; the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family. DR GlyCosmos; P21554; 2 sites, No reported glycans. DR GlyGen; P21554; 2 sites. DR iPTMnet; P21554; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P21554; -. DR SwissPalm; P21554; -. DR BioMuta; CNR1; -. DR DMDM; 115562; -. DR MassIVE; P21554; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000358513; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P21554; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 53875; -. [P21554-1] DR ProteomicsDB; 53876; -. [P21554-2] DR ProteomicsDB; 53877; -. [P21554-3] DR ABCD; P21554; 62 sequenced antibodies. DR Antibodypedia; 3355; 760 antibodies from 42 providers. DR DNASU; 1268; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000369499.3; ENSP00000358511.2; ENSG00000118432.13. [P21554-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000369501.3; ENSP00000358513.2; ENSG00000118432.13. [P21554-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000428600.3; ENSP00000412192.2; ENSG00000118432.13. [P21554-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000468898.2; ENSP00000420188.1; ENSG00000118432.13. [P21554-3] DR Ensembl; ENST00000549890.2; ENSP00000446819.1; ENSG00000118432.13. [P21554-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000551417.2; ENSP00000446702.2; ENSG00000118432.13. [P21554-1] DR GeneID; 1268; -. DR KEGG; hsa:1268; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000369501.3; ENSP00000358513.2; NM_016083.6; NP_057167.2. DR AGR; HGNC:2159; -. DR CTD; 1268; -. DR DisGeNET; 1268; -. DR GeneCards; CNR1; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:2159; CNR1. DR HPA; ENSG00000118432; Tissue enhanced (adipose tissue, pituitary gland). DR MIM; 114610; gene. DR MIM; 601665; phenotype. DR neXtProt; NX_P21554; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000118432; -. DR PharmGKB; PA26681; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000118432; -. DR eggNOG; KOG3656; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT01060000248564; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_009579_7_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; P21554; -. DR OMA; ERCIKNT; -. DR OrthoDB; 5258261at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; P21554; -. DR TreeFam; TF330052; -. DR PathwayCommons; P21554; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-373076; Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors). DR Reactome; R-HSA-418594; G alpha (i) signalling events. DR SignaLink; P21554; -. DR SIGNOR; P21554; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 1268; 19 hits in 1157 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; CNR1; human. DR EvolutionaryTrace; P21554; -. DR GeneWiki; Cannabinoid_receptor_type_1; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 1268; -. DR Pharos; P21554; Tclin. DR PRO; PR:P21554; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 6. DR RNAct; P21554; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000118432; Expressed in ganglionic eminence and 150 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; P21554; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0015629; C:actin cytoskeleton; IDA:HPA. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0098982; C:GABA-ergic synapse; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0098978; C:glutamatergic synapse; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0030426; C:growth cone; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0045121; C:membrane raft; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0005741; C:mitochondrial outer membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IDA:HPA. DR GO; GO:0042734; C:presynaptic membrane; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0004949; F:cannabinoid receptor activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0004930; F:G protein-coupled receptor activity; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0042802; F:identical protein binding; IPI:IntAct. DR GO; GO:0007189; P:adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0007188; P:adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0007413; P:axonal fasciculation; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0038171; P:cannabinoid signaling pathway; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0007187; P:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0042593; P:glucose homeostasis; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0060135; P:maternal process involved in female pregnancy; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0007613; P:memory; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0045759; P:negative regulation of action potential; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0045776; P:negative regulation of blood pressure; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0033602; P:negative regulation of dopamine secretion; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0031999; P:negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0033004; P:negative regulation of mast cell activation; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0014063; P:negative regulation of serotonin secretion; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0002866; P:positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0043065; P:positive regulation of apoptotic process; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0045777; P:positive regulation of blood pressure; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0031622; P:positive regulation of fever generation; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0010976; P:positive regulation of neuron projection development; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0060259; P:regulation of feeding behavior; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0050796; P:regulation of insulin secretion; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0019222; P:regulation of metabolic process; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0060405; P:regulation of penile erection; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0099509; P:regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0032228; P:regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0051966; P:regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0042220; P:response to cocaine; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0045471; P:response to ethanol; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0032496; P:response to lipopolysaccharide; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0035094; P:response to nicotine; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0007584; P:response to nutrient; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0098921; P:retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0007283; P:spermatogenesis; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0099553; P:trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission; IEA:Ensembl. DR CDD; cd15340; 7tmA_CB1; 1. DR Gene3D; 1.20.1070.10; Rhodopsin 7-helix transmembrane proteins; 1. DR InterPro; IPR000810; Canbinoid_rcpt_1. DR InterPro; IPR002230; Cnbnoid_rcpt. DR InterPro; IPR000276; GPCR_Rhodpsn. DR InterPro; IPR017452; GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM. DR PANTHER; PTHR22750:SF47; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR 1; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR22750; G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; 1. DR Pfam; PF00001; 7tm_1; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF037995; Cnoid_rcpt_1; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00522; CANABINOID1R. DR PRINTS; PR00362; CANNABINOIDR. DR PRINTS; PR00237; GPCRRHODOPSN. DR SMART; SM01381; 7TM_GPCR_Srsx; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF81321; Family A G protein-coupled receptor-like; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00237; G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_1; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50262; G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2; 1. DR Genevisible; P21554; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Alternative splicing; Cell membrane; Cell projection; KW G-protein coupled receptor; Glycoprotein; Lipoprotein; Membrane; KW Mitochondrion; Mitochondrion outer membrane; Neurodegeneration; Obesity; KW Palmitate; Phosphoprotein; Receptor; Reference proteome; Synapse; KW Transducer; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix. FT CHAIN 1..472 FT /note="Cannabinoid receptor 1" FT /id="PRO_0000069314" FT TOPO_DOM 1..116 FT /note="Extracellular" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TRANSMEM 117..142 FT /note="Helical; Name=1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TOPO_DOM 143..154 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TRANSMEM 155..175 FT /note="Helical; Name=2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TOPO_DOM 176..187 FT /note="Extracellular" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TRANSMEM 188..212 FT /note="Helical; Name=3" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TOPO_DOM 213..232 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TRANSMEM 233..255 FT /note="Helical; Name=4" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TOPO_DOM 256..273 FT /note="Extracellular" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TRANSMEM 274..299 FT /note="Helical; Name=5" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TOPO_DOM 300..344 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TRANSMEM 345..365 FT /note="Helical; Name=6" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TOPO_DOM 366..377 FT /note="Extracellular" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TRANSMEM 378..399 FT /note="Helical; Name=7" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT TOPO_DOM 400..472 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27768894, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT REGION 2..23 FT /note="Required for mitochondrial localization" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P47746" FT MOD_RES 425 FT /note="Phosphoserine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P47746" FT MOD_RES 429 FT /note="Phosphoserine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P47746" FT LIPID 415 FT /note="S-palmitoyl cysteine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21895628" FT CARBOHYD 77 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 83 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT VAR_SEQ 1..89 FT /note="MKSILDGLADTTFRTITTDLLYVGSNDIQYEDIKGDMASKLGYFPQKFPLTS FT FRGSPFQEKMTAGDNPQLVPADQVNITEFYNKSLSSF -> MALQIPPSAPSPLTSCTW FT AQMTFSTKTS (in isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:7876112" FT /id="VSP_001868" FT VAR_SEQ 22..54 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 3)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:15620723" FT /id="VSP_016529" FT MUTAGEN 210 FT /note="T->A: 7-fold lower affinity for a synthetic agonist, FT CP55940, possibly due the stabilization of an inactive FT conformation." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:27851727" FT MUTAGEN 341..342 FT /note="LA->AL: Loss of activity, when assayed for GNAI1 FT GTPase stimulatory activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12237474" FT MUTAGEN 415 FT /note="C->A: Loss of palmitoylation, marked loss of FT association with lipid rafts on the plasma membrane and FT loss of activity, when assayed for downstream GTP-binding FT and reduction in cAMP levels." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:21895628" FT CONFLICT 94 FT /note="E -> G (in Ref. 12; AAH95513)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 103 FT /note="M -> I (in Ref. 12; AAH95513)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 149 FT /note="C -> R (in Ref. 12; AAH95513)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 200 FT /note="F -> L (in Ref. 5; AAD34320)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 216 FT /note="I -> V (in Ref. 5; AAD34320)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 246 FT /note="V -> A (in Ref. 5; AAD34320)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 298 FT /note="L -> P (in Ref. 12; AAH95513)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 332 FT /note="P -> S (in Ref. 12; AAI00972)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT STRAND 100..102 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7FEE" FT HELIX 105..107 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 113..143 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 145..148 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 151..153 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 154..178 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 186..219 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT TURN 221..223 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 224..227 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 230..249 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 250..253 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 257..260 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT STRAND 266..268 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 273..300 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 302..305 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:6KPG" FT HELIX 307..310 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:6KPG" FT HELIX 334..367 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 375..400 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 402..409 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5U09" FT HELIX 411..415 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2B0Y" SQ SEQUENCE 472 AA; 52858 MW; 1D2E49061D12ABF2 CRC64; MKSILDGLAD TTFRTITTDL LYVGSNDIQY EDIKGDMASK LGYFPQKFPL TSFRGSPFQE KMTAGDNPQL VPADQVNITE FYNKSLSSFK ENEENIQCGE NFMDIECFMV LNPSQQLAIA VLSLTLGTFT VLENLLVLCV ILHSRSLRCR PSYHFIGSLA VADLLGSVIF VYSFIDFHVF HRKDSRNVFL FKLGGVTASF TASVGSLFLT AIDRYISIHR PLAYKRIVTR PKAVVAFCLM WTIAIVIAVL PLLGWNCEKL QSVCSDIFPH IDETYLMFWI GVTSVLLLFI VYAYMYILWK AHSHAVRMIQ RGTQKSIIIH TSEDGKVQVT RPDQARMDIR LAKTLVLILV VLIICWGPLL AIMVYDVFGK MNKLIKTVFA FCSMLCLLNS TVNPIIYALR SKDLRHAFRS MFPSCEGTAQ PLDNSMGDSD CLHKHANNAA SVHRAAESCI KSTVKIAKVT MSVSTDTSAE AL //