P20396 (TRH_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Prothyroliberin

Cleaved into the following chain:

1. Thyroliberin
   Alternative name(s):
   Protirelin
   TSH-releasing factor
   Thyrotropin-releasing factor
   Short name=TRF
   Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
   Short name=TRH

Gene names

Name:

TRH

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	242 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Functions as a regulator of the biosynthesis of TSH in the anterior pituitary gland and as a neurotransmitter/ neuromodulator in the central and peripheral nervous systems. May promote hair shaft elongation, prolonge the hair cycle growth phase (anagen) and antagonized its termination by TGFB2. May also increase proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of hair matrix keratinocytes. Ref.5
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Hypothalamus. Expressed in the hair follicle epithelium (at protein level). Ref.5
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the TRH family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Repeat Signal
Molecular function	Hormone
PTM	Amidation Cleavage on pair of basic residues Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	adult walking behavior Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cell-cell signaling Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc eating behavior Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara hormone-mediated signaling pathway Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro negative regulation of glutamate secretion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of insulin secretion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to cold Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to corticosterone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to ethanol Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to glucose stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to hypoxia Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara signal transduction Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc
Cellular_component	extracellular region Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara secretory granule Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Molecular_function	thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity Traceable author statement Ref.1. Source: ProtInc
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 24	24	Potential
	Chain	25 – 242	218	Prothyroliberin		PRO_0000022509
	Peptide	84 – 86	3	Thyroliberin		PRO_0000022510
	Peptide	114 – 116	3	Thyroliberin		PRO_0000022511
	Peptide	135 – 137	3	Thyroliberin		PRO_0000022512
	Peptide	152 – 154	3	Thyroliberin		PRO_0000022513
	Peptide	186 – 188	3	Thyroliberin		PRO_0000022514
	Peptide	227 – 229	3	Thyroliberin		PRO_0000022515
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	86	1	Proline amide By similarity
	Modified residue	116	1	Proline amide By similarity
	Modified residue	135	1	Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid By similarity
	Modified residue	137	1	Proline amide By similarity
	Modified residue	152	1	Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid By similarity
	Modified residue	154	1	Proline amide By similarity
	Modified residue	188	1	Proline amide By similarity
	Modified residue	227	1	Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid By similarity
	Modified residue	229	1	Proline amide By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	8	1	L → V. Corresponds to variant rs5658 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_014787

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P20396 [UniParc]. Last modified February 1, 1991. Version 1. Checksum: 8C0F9D915B32F29F	FASTA	242	27,404
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MPGPWLLLAL ALTLNLTGVP GGRAQPEAAQ QEAVTAAEHP GLDDFLRQVE RLLFLRENIQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 RLQGDQGEHS ASQIFQSDWL SKRQHPGKRE EEEEEGVEEE EEEEGGAVGP HKRQHPGRRE 130 140 150 160 170 180 DEASWSVDVT QHKRQHPGRR SPWLAYAVPK RQHPGRRLAD PKAQRSWEEE EEEEEREEDL 190 200 210 220 230 240 MPEKRQHPGK RALGGPCGPQ GAYGQAGLLL GLLDDLSRSQ GAEEKRQHPG RRAAWVREPL EE

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning and structure of human genomic DNA and hypothalamic cDNA encoding human prepro thyrotropin-releasing hormone." Yamada M., Radovick S., Wondisford F.E., Nakayama Y., Weintraub B.D., Wilber J.F. Mol. Endocrinol. 4:551-556(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA].
[2]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Subthalamic nucleus.
[3]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Lung.
[5]	"Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): a new player in human hair-growth control." Gaspar E., Hardenbicker C., Bodo E., Wenzel B., Ramot Y., Funk W., Kromminga A., Paus R. FASEB J. 24:393-403(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M63582, M63581 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA36480.1. AK313473 mRNA. Translation: BAG36258.1. CH471052 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW79229.1. BC069375 mRNA. Translation: AAH69375.1. BC074888 mRNA. Translation: AAH74888.1. BC074889 mRNA. Translation: AAH74889.1. BC110515 mRNA. Translation: AAI10516.1. BC110516 mRNA. Translation: AAI10517.1.
IPI	IPI00023604.
PIR	RHHUT. A34550.
RefSeq	NP_009048.1. NM_007117.3.
UniGene	Hs.182231. Hs.732877.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P20396.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	9606.ENSP00000303452.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	135841.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P20396.
PRIDE	P20396.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000302649; ENSP00000303452; ENSG00000170893.
GeneID	7200.
KEGG	hsa:7200.
UCSC	uc003enc.3. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	7200.
GeneCards	GC03P129693.
HGNC	HGNC:12298. TRH.
HPA	HPA035595.
MIM	613879. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P20396.
Orphanet	99832. Resistance to thyrotropin-releasing hormone syndrome.
PharmGKB	PA36978.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG45849.
HOGENOM	HOG000054194.
HOVERGEN	HBG083494.
InParanoid	P20396.
KO	K05253.
OMA	HPGKRAL.
OrthoDB	EOG41G35K.
PhylomeDB	P20396.
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactome	REACT_111102. Signal Transduction.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P20396.
Bgee	P20396.
CleanEx	HS_TRH.
Genevestigator	P20396.
GermOnline	ENSG00000170893. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR008857. TRH. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR17530. PTHR17530. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF05438. TRH. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF001795. TRH. 1 hit.
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
BindingDB	P20396.
GenomeRNAi	7200.
NextBio	28216.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

TRH_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P20396
Secondary accession number(s): B2R8R1, Q2TB83

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	February 1, 1991
Last sequence update:	February 1, 1991
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 119 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.