P20366 (TKN1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Protachykinin-1

Alternative name(s):
PPT

Cleaved into the following 5 chains:

1. Substance P
2. Neurokinin A
   Short name=NKA
   Alternative name(s):
   Neuromedin L
   Substance K
3. Neuropeptide K
   Short name=NPK
4. Neuropeptide gamma
5. C-terminal-flanking peptide

Gene names

Name:	TAC1
Synonyms:	NKA, NKNA, TAC2

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	129 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the tachykinin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Neuropeptide Neurotransmitter
PTM	Amidation Cleavage on pair of basic residues
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	associative learning Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara cell-cell signaling Traceable author statement Ref.9. Source: ProtInc detection of abiotic stimulus Traceable author statement PubMed 9482938. Source: ProtInc elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Inferred from direct assay PubMed 8957234. Source: UniProtKB inflammatory response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara insemination Traceable author statement Ref.9. Source: ProtInc long-term memory Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of heart rate Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara neuropeptide signaling pathway Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW positive regulation of action potential Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of acute inflammatory response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of corticosterone secretion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of epithelial cell migration Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of renal sodium excretion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of saliva secretion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of stress fiber assembly Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara regulation of blood pressure Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to hormone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to lipopolysaccharide Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to morphine Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to pain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara sensory perception of pain Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara synaptic transmission Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW tachykinin receptor signaling pathway Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Cellular_component	axon Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara extracellular space Traceable author statement PubMed 9548509. Source: ProtInc neuronal cell body Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform Beta (identifier: P20366-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform Alpha (identifier: P20366-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     97-114: Missing.
     115-115: V → M

Isoform Gamma (identifier: P20366-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     74-88: Missing.

Isoform Delta (identifier: P20366-4)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     74-88: Missing.
     97-114: Missing.
     115-115: V → M

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 19

19

Potential

Propeptide

20 – 56

37

Potential

PRO_0000033529

Peptide

58 – 68

11

Substance P

PRO_0000033530

Peptide

72 – 107

36

Neuropeptide K

PRO_0000033531

Peptide

72 – 73

2

Neuropeptide gamma, 1st part

PRO_0000033532

Peptide

89 – 107

19

Neuropeptide gamma, 2nd part

PRO_0000033533

Peptide

98 – 107

10

Neurokinin A Ref.10

PRO_0000033534

Peptide

111 – 126

16

C-terminal-flanking peptide Ref.12

PRO_0000033535

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue

68

1

Methionine amide

Modified residue

107

1

Methionine amide

Natural variations

Alternative sequence

74 – 88

15

Missing in isoform Gamma and isoform Delta.

VSP_006375

Alternative sequence

97 – 114

18

Missing in isoform Alpha and isoform Delta.

VSP_006376

Alternative sequence

115

1

V → M in isoform Alpha and isoform Delta.

VSP_006377

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

32

1

S → P in BAD96677. Ref.4

Secondary structure

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

129

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Turn

59 – 62

4

Turn

64 – 66

3

Helix

73 – 80

8

Helix

81 – 88

8

Helix

89 – 91

3

Helix

92 – 95

4

Helix

98 – 101

4

Helix

102 – 106

5

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform Beta [UniParc]. Last modified February 1, 1991. Version 1. Checksum: 51412C1692368DE4	FASTA	129	15,003
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKILVALAVF FLVSTQLFAE EIGANDDLNY WSDWYDSDQI KEELPEPFEH LLQRIARRPK 70 80 90 100 110 120 PQQFFGLMGK RDADSSIEKQ VALLKALYGH GQISHKRHKT DSFVGLMGKR ALNSVAYERS AMQNYERRR
	Isoform Alpha [UniParc]. Checksum: 28E051E5ACC42C47	FASTA	111	13,036
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKILVALAVF FLVSTQLFAE EIGANDDLNY WSDWYDSDQI KEELPEPFEH LLQRIARRPK 70 80 90 100 110 PQQFFGLMGK RDADSSIEKQ VALLKALYGH GQISHKMAYE RSAMQNYERR R
	Isoform Gamma [UniParc]. Checksum: 499EECB627AECDE6	FASTA	114	13,343
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKILVALAVF FLVSTQLFAE EIGANDDLNY WSDWYDSDQI KEELPEPFEH LLQRIARRPK 70 80 90 100 110 PQQFFGLMGK RDAGHGQISH KRHKTDSFVG LMGKRALNSV AYERSAMQNY ERRR
	Isoform Delta [UniParc]. Checksum: AE50A94DF2437361	FASTA	96	11,376
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKILVALAVF FLVSTQLFAE EIGANDDLNY WSDWYDSDQI KEELPEPFEH LLQRIARRPK 70 80 90 PQQFFGLMGK RDAGHGQISH KMAYERSAMQ NYERRR

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"cDNA sequence of human beta-preprotachykinin, the common precursor to substance P and neurokinin A." Harmar A.J., Armstrong A., Pascall J.C., Chapman K., Rosie R., Curtis A., Going J., Edwards C.R.W., Fink G. FEBS Lett. 208:67-72(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA).
[2]	"Cloning of human full open reading frames in Gateway(TM) system entry vector (pDONR201)." Ebert L., Schick M., Neubert P., Schatten R., Henze S., Korn B. Submitted (MAY-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA).
[3]	Tan A., Too H.P. Submitted (OCT-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA). Tissue: Brain.
[4]	Suzuki Y., Sugano S., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S. Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA). Tissue: Small intestine.
[5]	"The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7." Hillier L.W., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Graves T.A., Pepin K.H., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Maas J., Jaeger S., Walker R., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., O'Laughlin M.D., Schaller M.E., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L. , Nash W.E., Cordes M., Du H., Sun H., Edwards J., Bradshaw-Cordum H., Ali J., Andrews S., Isak A., Vanbrunt A., Nguyen C., Du F., Lamar B., Courtney L., Kalicki J., Ozersky P., Bielicki L., Scott K., Holmes A., Harkins R., Harris A., Strong C.M., Hou S., Tomlinson C., Dauphin-Kohlberg S., Kozlowicz-Reilly A., Leonard S., Rohlfing T., Rock S.M., Tin-Wollam A.-M., Abbott A., Minx P., Maupin R., Strowmatt C., Latreille P., Miller N., Johnson D., Murray J., Woessner J.P., Wendl M.C., Yang S.-P., Schultz B.R., Wallis J.W., Spieth J., Bieri T.A., Nelson J.O., Berkowicz N., Wohldmann P.E., Cook L.L., Hickenbotham M.T., Eldred J., Williams D., Bedell J.A., Mardis E.R., Clifton S.W., Chissoe S.L., Marra M.A., Raymond C., Haugen E., Gillett W., Zhou Y., James R., Phelps K., Iadanoto S., Bubb K., Simms E., Levy R., Clendenning J., Kaul R., Kent W.J., Furey T.S., Baertsch R.A., Brent M.R., Keibler E., Flicek P., Bork P., Suyama M., Bailey J.A., Portnoy M.E., Torrents D., Chinwalla A.T., Gish W.R., Eddy S.R., McPherson J.D., Olson M.V., Eichler E.E., Green E.D., Waterston R.H., Wilson R.K. Nature 424:157-164(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology." Scherer S.W., Cheung J., MacDonald J.R., Osborne L.R., Nakabayashi K., Herbrick J.-A., Carson A.R., Parker-Katiraee L., Skaug J., Khaja R., Zhang J., Hudek A.K., Li M., Haddad M., Duggan G.E., Fernandez B.A., Kanematsu E., Gentles S. , Christopoulos C.C., Choufani S., Kwasnicka D., Zheng X.H., Lai Z., Nusskern D.R., Zhang Q., Gu Z., Lu F., Zeesman S., Nowaczyk M.J., Teshima I., Chitayat D., Shuman C., Weksberg R., Zackai E.H., Grebe T.A., Cox S.R., Kirkpatrick S.J., Rahman N., Friedman J.M., Heng H.H.Q., Pelicci P.G., Lo-Coco F., Belloni E., Shaffer L.G., Pober B., Morton C.C., Gusella J.F., Bruns G.A.P., Korf B.R., Quade B.J., Ligon A.H., Ferguson H., Higgins A.W., Leach N.T., Herrick S.R., Lemyre E., Farra C.G., Kim H.-G., Summers A.M., Gripp K.W., Roberts W., Szatmari P., Winsor E.J.T., Grzeschik K.-H., Teebi A., Minassian B.A., Kere J., Armengol L., Pujana M.A., Estivill X., Wilson M.D., Koop B.F., Tosi S., Moore G.E., Boright A.P., Zlotorynski E., Kerem B., Kroisel P.M., Petek E., Oscier D.G., Mould S.J., Doehner H., Doehner K., Rommens J.M., Vincent J.B., Venter J.C., Li P.W., Mural R.J., Adams M.D., Tsui L.-C. Science 300:767-772(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[7]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[8]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA). Tissue: Brain.
[9]	"Tachykinin (substance-P) gene expression in Leydig cells of the human and mouse testis." Chiwakata C., Brackmann B., Hunt N., Davidoff M., Schulze W., Ivell R. Endocrinology 128:2441-2448(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 36-122 (ISOFORMS BETA AND GAMMA). Tissue: Testis.
[10]	"Isolation and characterization of neurokinin A, neurokinin A(3-10) and neurokinin A(4-10) from a neutral water extract of a metastatic ileal carcinoid tumour." Theodorsson-Norheim E., Joernvall H., Andersson M., Norheim I., Oeberg K., Jacobsson G. Eur. J. Biochem. 166:693-697(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 98-107.
[11]	"Identification of a delta isoform of preprotachykinin mRNA in human mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes." Lai J.P., Douglas S.D., Rappaport E., Wu J.M., Ho W.Z. J. Neuroimmunol. 91:121-128(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 36-122 (ISOFORMS ALPHA; BETA AND DELTA). Tissue: Blood and Brain.
[12]	"Characterization of the C-terminal flanking peptide of human beta-preprotachykinin." McGregor G.P., Conlon J.M. Peptides 11:907-910(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 111-126. Tissue: Adrenal medulla.
[13]	"Three-dimensional structure of neuropeptide K bound to dodecylphosphocholine micelles." Dike A., Cowsik S.M. Biochemistry 45:2994-3004(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 72-107.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

Neurokinin-1 entry

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

X54469 mRNA. Translation: CAA38351.1.
U37529 mRNA. Translation: AAA79195.1.
CR407602 mRNA. Translation: CAG28529.1.
CR541730 mRNA. Translation: CAG46531.1.
AK222957 mRNA. Translation: BAD96677.1.
AC004140 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAQ96888.1.
AC004140 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAQ96889.1.
AC004140 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAQ96890.1.
AC004140 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAQ96891.1.
CH236949 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAL24116.1.
CH236949 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAL24117.1.
CH236949 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAL24118.1.
CH236949 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAL24119.1.
CH471091 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW76734.1.
CH471091 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW76735.1.
CH471091 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW76736.1.
CH471091 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW76737.1.
BC018047 mRNA. Translation: AAH18047.1.
M68906 mRNA. Translation: AAA60159.1.
M68907 mRNA. Translation: AAA60160.1.
AF050655 mRNA. Translation: AAC15701.1.
AF050656 mRNA. Translation: AAC15702.1.
AF050658 mRNA. Translation: AAC15704.1.

IPI

IPI00023571.
IPI00219086.
IPI00219087.
IPI00297740.

PIR

SPHUB. A24805.

RefSeq

NP_003173.1. NM_003182.2.
NP_054702.1. NM_013996.2.
NP_054703.1. NM_013997.2.
NP_054704.1. NM_013998.2.

UniGene

Hs.2563.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
2B19	NMR	-	A	72-107	[»]
2KS9	NMR	-	B	58-68	[»]
2KSA	NMR	-	B	58-68	[»]
2KSB	NMR	-	B	58-68	[»]

ProteinModelPortal

P20366.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntAct

P20366. 2 interactions.

MINT

MINT-1409908.

STRING

9606.ENSP00000321106.

PTM databases

PhosphoSite

P20366.

Polymorphism databases

DMDM

135886.

Proteomic databases

PaxDb

P20366.

PRIDE

P20366.

Protocols and materials databases

DNASU

6863.

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000319273; ENSP00000321106; ENSG00000006128.
ENST00000346867; ENSP00000289574; ENSG00000006128.
ENST00000350485; ENSP00000289576; ENSG00000006128.

GeneID

6863.

KEGG

hsa:6863.

UCSC

uc003uop.4. human.
uc003uoq.4. human.
uc003uor.4. human.
uc003uos.4. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

6863.

GeneCards

GC07P097361.

HGNC

HGNC:11517. TAC1.

HPA

CAB004588.
HPA014429.

MIM

162320. gene.

neXtProt

NX_P20366.

PharmGKB

PA36297.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

NOG40889.

HOVERGEN

HBG000127.

InParanoid

P20366.

KO

K05239.

OMA

NYERRRK.

OrthoDB

EOG444KMW.

PhylomeDB

P20366.

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactome

REACT_111102. Signal Transduction.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P20366.

Bgee

P20366.

CleanEx

HS_TAC1.

Genevestigator

P20366.

GermOnline

ENSG00000006128. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR008216. Protachykinin.
IPR013055. Tachy_Neuro_lke_CS.
IPR008215. Tachykinin.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR11250. PTHR11250. 1 hit.

PRINTS

PR01829. PROTACHYKNIN.

SMART

SM00203. TK. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]

PROSITE

PS00267. TACHYKININ. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other

BindingDB

P20366.

DrugBank

DB00626. Bacitracin.

EvolutionaryTrace

P20366.

GenomeRNAi

6863.

NextBio

26783.

PMAP-CutDB

P20366.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

TKN1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P20366
Secondary accession number(s): O60600 , O60601, Q00072, Q53GH4, Q549V0, Q549V1, Q549V2, Q6FHM1

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	February 1, 1991
Last sequence update:	February 1, 1991
Last modified:	May 29, 2013
This is version 139 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.