Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P20366 (TKN1_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Protachykinin-1
Alternative name(s):
    PPT
Cleaved into the following 5 chains:
    1- Recommended name:
            Substance P
    2- Recommended name:
            Neurokinin A
                Short name=NKA
        Alternative name(s):
            Substance K
            Neuromedin L
    3- Recommended name:
            Neuropeptide K
                Short name=NPK
    4- Recommended name:
            Neuropeptide gamma
    5- Recommended name:
            C-terminal-flanking peptide

Gene names

Name:	TAC1
Synonyms:	NKA, NKNA, TAC2

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	129 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the tachykinin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Neuropeptide Neurotransmitter
PTM	Amidation Cleavage on pair of basic residues
Technical term	3D-structure Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cell-cell signaling Ref.5 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc detection of abiotic stimulus Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB insemination Ref.5 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Cellular component	extracellular space Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]

Isoform Beta (identifier: P20366-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform Alpha (identifier: P20366-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     97-114: Missing.
     115-115: V → M

Isoform Gamma (identifier: P20366-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     74-88: Missing.

Isoform Delta (identifier: P20366-4)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     74-88: Missing.
     97-114: Missing.
     115-115: V → M

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 19	19	Potential
	Propeptide	20 – 56	37	Potential
	Peptide	58 – 68	11	Substance P
	Peptide	72 – 107	36	Neuropeptide K
	Peptide	72 – 73	2	Neuropeptide gamma, 1st part
	Peptide	89 – 107	19	Neuropeptide gamma, 2nd part
	Peptide	98 – 107	10	Neurokinin A
	Peptide	111 – 126	16	C-terminal-flanking peptide
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	68	1	Methionine amide
	Modified residue	107	1	Methionine amide
Natural variations
	Alternative sequence	74 – 88	15	Missing in isoform Gamma and isoform Delta.
	Alternative sequence	97 – 114	18	Missing in isoform Alpha and isoform Delta.
	Alternative sequence	115	1	V → M in isoform Alpha and isoform Delta.
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	32	1	S → P in BAD96677. Ref.3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform Beta [UniParc]. Last modified February 1, 1991. Version 1. Checksum: 51412C1692368DE4	FASTA	129	15,003
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKILVALAVF FLVSTQLFAE EIGANDDLNY WSDWYDSDQI KEELPEPFEH LLQRIARRPK 70 80 90 100 110 120 PQQFFGLMGK RDADSSIEKQ VALLKALYGH GQISHKRHKT DSFVGLMGKR ALNSVAYERS AMQNYERRR
	Isoform Alpha [UniParc]. Checksum: 28E051E5ACC42C47		111	13,036
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKILVALAVF FLVSTQLFAE EIGANDDLNY WSDWYDSDQI KEELPEPFEH LLQRIARRPK 70 80 90 100 110 PQQFFGLMGK RDADSSIEKQ VALLKALYGH GQISHKMAYE RSAMQNYERR R
	Isoform Gamma [UniParc]. Checksum: 499EECB627AECDE6		114	13,343
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKILVALAVF FLVSTQLFAE EIGANDDLNY WSDWYDSDQI KEELPEPFEH LLQRIARRPK 70 80 90 100 110 PQQFFGLMGK RDAGHGQISH KRHKTDSFVG LMGKRALNSV AYERSAMQNY ERRR
	Isoform Delta [UniParc]. Checksum: AE50A94DF2437361		96	11,376
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKILVALAVF FLVSTQLFAE EIGANDDLNY WSDWYDSDQI KEELPEPFEH LLQRIARRPK 70 80 90 PQQFFGLMGK RDAGHGQISH KMAYERSAMQ NYERRR

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"cDNA sequence of human beta-preprotachykinin, the common precursor to substance P and neurokinin A." Harmar A.J., Armstrong A., Pascall J.C., Chapman K., Rosie R., Curtis A., Going J., Edwards C.R.W., Fink G. FEBS Lett. 208:67-72(1986) [PubMed: 3770210] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA).
[2]	Tan A., Too H.P. Submitted (OCT-1995) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA). Tissue: Brain.
[3]	Suzuki Y., Sugano S., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S. Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA). Tissue: Small intestine.
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA). Tissue: Brain.
[5]	"Tachykinin (substance-P) gene expression in Leydig cells of the human and mouse testis." Chiwakata C., Brackmann B., Hunt N., Davidoff M., Schulze W., Ivell R. Endocrinology 128:2441-2448(1991) [PubMed: 1708336] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 36-122 (ISOFORMS BETA AND GAMMA). Tissue: Testis.
[6]	"Isolation and characterization of neurokinin A, neurokinin A(3-10) and neurokinin A(4-10) from a neutral water extract of a metastatic ileal carcinoid tumour." Theodorsson-Norheim E., Joernvall H., Andersson M., Norheim I., Oeberg K., Jacobsson G. Eur. J. Biochem. 166:693-697(1987) [PubMed: 3038549] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 98-107.
[7]	"Identification of a delta isoform of preprotachykinin mRNA in human mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes." Lai J.P., Douglas S.D., Rappaport E., Wu J.M., Ho W.Z. J. Neuroimmunol. 91:121-128(1998) [PubMed: 9846828] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 36-122 (ISOFORMS ALPHA; BETA AND DELTA). Tissue: Blood and Brain.
[8]	"Characterization of the C-terminal flanking peptide of human beta-preprotachykinin." McGregor G.P., Conlon J.M. Peptides 11:907-910(1990) [PubMed: 2284201] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 111-126. Tissue: Adrenal medulla.
[9]	"Three-dimensional structure of neuropeptide K bound to dodecylphosphocholine micelles." Dike A., Cowsik S.M. Biochemistry 45:2994-3004(2006) [PubMed: 16503654] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 72-107.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

Neurokinin-1 entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBLGenBankDDBJ

X54469 mRNA. Translation: CAA38351.1.
U37529 mRNA. Translation: AAA79195.1.
AK222957 mRNA. Translation: BAD96677.1.
BC018047 mRNA. Translation: AAH18047.1.
M68906 mRNA. Translation: AAA60159.1.
M68907 mRNA. Translation: AAA60160.1.
AF050655 mRNA. Translation: AAC15701.1.
AF050656 mRNA. Translation: AAC15702.1.
AF050658 mRNA. Translation: AAC15704.1.

PIR

SPHUB. A24805.

RefSeq

NP_003173.1.
NP_054702.1.
NP_054704.1.

UniGene

Hs.2563

3D structure databases

PDBMSD

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
2B19	NMR	-	A	72-107	[»]

ModBase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENSG00000006128. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]

GeneID

6863.

KEGG

hsa:6863.

Organism-specific databases

H-InvDB

HIX0006874.

HGNC

HGNC:11517. TAC1.

HPA

CAB004588.
HPA014429.

MIM

162320. gene.

PharmGKB

PA26899.

GenAtlas

Search...

GeneCards

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOM

P20366.

HOVERGEN

P20366.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P20366.

CleanEx

HS_TAC1.

GermOnline

ENSG00000006128. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR008216. Protachykinin.
IPR013055. Tachy_Neuro_lke_CS.
IPR002040. Tachy_Neurokinin.
IPR008215. Tachykinin.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR11250. Protachykinin. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF02202. Tachykinin. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]

PRINTS

PR01829. PROTACHYKNIN.

ProDom

PD005598. Protachykinin. 1 hit.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]

SMART

SM00203. TK. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]

PROSITE

PS00267. TACHYKININ. 2 hits.
[Graphical view]

BLOCKS

Search...

Other Resources

DrugBank

DB00626. Bacitracin.

LinkHub

P20366.

SOURCE

Search...

ProtoNet

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

TKN1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P20366
Secondary accession number(s): O60600 , O60601, Q00072, Q53GH4

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	February 1, 1991
Last sequence update:	February 1, 1991
Last modified:	July 22, 2008
This is version 93 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)