Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P19419 (ELK1_HUMAN)
Last modified
February 9, 2010.
Version 119.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (6) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 428 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Stimulates transcription. Binds to purine-rich DNA sequences. Can form a ternary complex with the serum response factor and the ETS and SRF motifs of the fos serum response element. |
| Subunit structure | Interacts in its sumoylated form with PIAS2/PIASX which enhances its transcriptional activator activity. Ref.14 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Lung and testis. |
| Post-translational modification | Sumoylation represses transcriptional activator activity as it results in recruitment of HDAC2 to target gene promoters which leads to decreased histone acetylation and reduced transactivator activity. It also regulates nuclear retention. On mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylated on C-terminal serine and threonine residues by MAPK1. Ser-383 and Ser-389 are the preferred sites for MAPK1. In vitro, phosphorylation by MAPK1 potentiates ternary complex formation with the serum responses factors, SRE and SRF. Phosphorylation leads to loss of sumoylation and restores transcriptional activator activity. Ref.9 Ref.15 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the ETS family. Contains 1 ETS DNA-binding domain. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Biological process | Transcription Transcription regulation |
| Cellular component | Nucleus |
| Coding sequence diversity | Alternative splicing Polymorphism |
| Ligand | DNA-binding |
| Molecular function | Activator |
| PTM | Isopeptide bond Phosphoprotein Ubl conjugation |
| Technical term | 3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological process | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB transcriptionInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW |
| Cellular component | nucleus Inferred by curator. Source: UniProtKB |
| Molecular function | protein binding Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct sequence-specific DNA bindingInferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro transcription activator activityInferred from direct assay. Source: MGI transcription factor activityInferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAPK1 | P28482 | 1 | EBI-726632,EBI-959949 | |
| Mapk1 | P63085 | 1 | EBI-726632,EBI-397697 | From a different organism. |
| MAPK3 | P27361 | 1 | EBI-726632,EBI-73995 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: P19419-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: P19419-2) Also known as: ELKV; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 91-95: VAGCS → SHCAP 96-428: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | |||||||||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 428 | 428 | ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 | PRO_0000204095 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Regions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DNA binding | 5 – 86 | 82 | ETS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 324 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by MAPK1 Ref.9 Ref.15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 336 | 1 | Phosphothreonine; by MAPK1 Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 383 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by MAPK1 Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 389 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by MAPK1 Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 422 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by MAPK1 Ref.9 Ref.15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-link | 230 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO) Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-link | 249 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO) Ref.12 Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-link | 254 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO) Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 91 – 95 | 5 | VAGCS → SHCAP in isoform 2. | VSP_001466 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 96 – 428 | 333 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_001467 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 144 | 1 | G → S: dbSNP rs1997639. | VAR_017108 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 183 | 1 | S → N: dbSNP rs1059579. Ref.1 | VAR_017109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental info | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 230 | 1 | K → R: 9-fold increase in transcriptional activator activity; when associated with R-249. Reduction in sumoylation. Ref.12 Ref.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 249 | 1 | K → R: 9-fold increase in transcriptional activator activity; when associated with R-230. Reduction in sumoylation. Ref.12 Ref.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 254 | 1 | K → R: Reduction in sumoylation. Ref.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 324 | 1 | S → A: No effect on ternary complex formation. Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 336 | 1 | T → A: No effect on ternary complex formation. Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 353 | 1 | T → A: No effect on ternary complex formation. Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 363 | 1 | T → A: No effect on ternary complex formation. Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 368 | 1 | T → A: No effect on ternary complex formation. Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 383 | 1 | S → A: 17% reduction in ternary complex formation. Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 389 | 1 | S → A: 34% reduction in ternary complex formation. Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 417 | 1 | T → A: No effect on ternary complex formation. Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 422 | 1 | S → A: Slight reduction in ternary complex formation. Ref.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 7 – 17 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 19 – 23 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 25 – 28 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 29 – 32 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 33 – 35 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 39 – 48 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 49 – 51 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 57 – 67 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turn | 68 – 71 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 72 – 75 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 82 – 87 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "elk, tissue-specific ets-related genes on chromosomes X and 14 near translocation breakpoints." Rao V.N., Huebner K., Isobe M., Ar-Rushdi A., Croce C.M., Reddy E.S.P. Science 244:66-70(1989) [PubMed: 2539641] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1), VARIANT ASN-183. |
| [2] | "The human elk-1 gene family: the functional gene and two processed pseudogenes embedded in the IgH locus." Harindranath N., Mills F.C., Mitchell M.P., Meindl A., Max E.E. Gene 221:215-224(1998) [PubMed: 9795224] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [3] | "Novel family members HuER71, ELFR, and ELKv among ETS-related genes coexpressed with EWS-FLI1 in Ewing tumor cell lines." Aryee D.N.T., Kovar H. Submitted (APR-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE (ISOFORM 2). |
| [4] | "Structural organization of the human ELK1 gene and its processed pseudogene ELK2 genes." Yamauchi T., Toko M., Suga M., Hatakeyama T., Isobe M. DNA Res. 6:21-27(1999) [PubMed: 10231026] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Hippocampus. |
| [5] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed: 14702039] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Urinary bladder. |
| [6] | "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome." Ross M.T., Grafham D.V., Coffey A.J., Scherer S., McLay K., Muzny D., Platzer M., Howell G.R., Burrows C., Bird C.P., Frankish A., Lovell F.L., Howe K.L., Ashurst J.L., Fulton R.S., Sudbrak R., Wen G., Jones M.C. Bentley D.R.Nature 434:325-337(2005) [PubMed: 15772651] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [8] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Uterus. |
| [9] | "ERK phosphorylation potentiates Elk-1-mediated ternary complex formation and transactivation." Gille H., Kortenjann M., Thomae O., Moomaw C., Slaughter C., Cobb M.H., Shaw P.E. EMBO J. 14:951-962(1995) [PubMed: 7889942] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 318-331; 336-364 AND 380-408, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-324; THR-336; SER-383; SER-389 AND SER-422, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-324; THR-336; THR-353; THR-363; THR-368; SER-383; SER-389; THR-417 AND SER-422. |
| [10] | "Elk-1 protein domains required for direct and SRF-assisted DNA-binding." Janknecht R., Nordheim A. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:3317-3324(1992) [PubMed: 1630903] [Abstract] Cited for: DOMAINS. |
| [11] | "Dynamic interplay of the SUMO and ERK pathways in regulating Elk-1 transcriptional activity." Yang S.-H., Jaffray E., Hay R.T., Sharrocks A.D. Mol. Cell 12:63-74(2003) [PubMed: 12887893] [Abstract] Cited for: SUMOYLATION AT LYS-249, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-230 AND LYS-249. |
| [12] | "SUMOylation regulates nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Elk-1." Salinas S., Briancon-Marjollet A., Bossis G., Lopez M.-A., Piechaczyk M., Jariel-Encontre I., Debant A., Hipskind R.A. J. Cell Biol. 165:767-773(2004) [PubMed: 15210726] [Abstract] Cited for: SUMOYLATION AT LYS-230; LYS-249 AND LYS-254, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-230; LYS-249 AND LYS-254. |
| [13] | "SUMO promotes HDAC-mediated transcriptional repression." Yang S.-H., Sharrocks A.D. Mol. Cell 13:611-617(2004) [PubMed: 14992729] [Abstract] Cited for: SUMOYLATION. |
| [14] | "PIASx acts as an Elk-1 coactivator by facilitating derepression." Yang S.-H., Sharrocks A.D. EMBO J. 24:2161-2171(2005) [PubMed: 15920481] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH PIAS2. |
| [15] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed: 19690332] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-324 AND SER-422, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: T-cell. |
| [16] | "Structure of the elk-1-DNA complex reveals how DNA-distal residues affect ETS domain recognition of DNA." Mo Y., Vaessen B., Johnston K., Marmorstein R. Nat. Struct. Biol. 7:292-297(2000) [PubMed: 10742173] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.1 ANGSTROMS) OF 1-94. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | M25269 mRNA. Translation: AAA52384.1. AF080616 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC82466.1. AF000672 mRNA. Translation: AAD00862.1. AB016193 mRNA. Translation: BAA36616.1. AB016194 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA36617.1. AK312984 mRNA. Translation: BAG35821.1. AL009172 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA15659.1. CH471164 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW59321.1. BC056150 mRNA. Translation: AAH56150.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00220075. IPI00301527. | ||||||||||||
| PIR | TVHUEK. A41354. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_001107595.1. NP_005220.2. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.181128 | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
| ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| IntAct | P19419. 4 interactions. | ||||||||||||
| STRING | P19419. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | P19419. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PRIDE | P19419. | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000247161; ENSP00000247161; ENSG00000126767; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000376983; ENSP00000366182; ENSG00000126767; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 2002. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:2002. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc004dik.2. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 2002. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC0XM047379. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:3321. ELK1. | ||||||||||||
| HPA | CAB003808. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 311040. gene. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA27749. | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| eggNOG | prNOG12359. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | P19419. | ||||||||||||
| PhylomeDB | P19419. | ||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | angiopoietinreceptor_pathway. Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling. bcr_5pathway. BCR signaling pathway. cd8tcrdownstreampathway. Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells. pdgfrapathway. PDGFR-alpha signaling pathway. tcrraspathway. Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway. s1p_s1p2_pathway. S1P2 pathway. met_pathway. Signaling events activated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (c-Met). mapktrkpathway. Trk receptor signaling mediated by the MAPK pathway. | ||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_11061. Signalling by NGF. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | P19419. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | P19419. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_ELK1. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | P19419. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000126767. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR000418. Ets. IPR011991. WHTH_trsnscrt_rep_DNA-bd. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| Gene3D | G3DSA:1.10.10.10. Wing_hlx_DNA_bd. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF00178. Ets. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PRINTS | PR00454. ETSDOMAIN. | ||||||||||||
| SMART | SM00413. ETS. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00345. ETS_DOMAIN_1. 1 hit. PS00346. ETS_DOMAIN_2. 1 hit. PS50061. ETS_DOMAIN_3. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other Resources | |||||||||||||
| NextBio | 8101. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | ELK1_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P19419 Secondary accession number(s): B2R7H4 Q9UJM4 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome X Human chromosome X: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


