ID   GDA9_WHEAT              Reviewed;         307 AA.
AC   P18573;
DT   01-NOV-1990, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1990, sequence version 1.
DT   27-MAR-2024, entry version 116.
DE   RecName: Full=Alpha/beta-gliadin MM1;
DE   AltName: Full=Prolamin;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
OS   Triticum aestivum (Wheat).
OC   Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC   Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; Liliopsida; Poales; Poaceae; BOP clade;
OC   Pooideae; Triticodae; Triticeae; Triticinae; Triticum.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=4565;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Chinese Spring; TISSUE=Endosperm;
RX   PubMed=2102865; DOI=10.1007/bf00016521;
RA   Garcia-Maroto F., Manana C., Garcia-Olmedo F., Carbonero P.;
RT   "Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding an alpha/beta-type gliadin from
RT   hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum).";
RL   Plant Mol. Biol. 14:867-868(1990).
RN   [2]
RP   ALLERGEN, AND REGION.
RX   PubMed=12351792; DOI=10.1126/science.1074129;
RA   Shan L., Molberg O., Parrot I., Hausch F., Filiz F., Gray G.M.,
RA   Sollid L.M., Khosla C.;
RT   "Structural basis for gluten intolerance in celiac sprue.";
RL   Science 297:2275-2279(2002).
RN   [3]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.1 ANGSTROMS) OF 243-260 IN COMPLEX WITH
RP   HLA-DQA1/HLA-DQB1 HETERODIMER.
RX   PubMed=17629515; DOI=10.1016/j.immuni.2007.05.015;
RA   Henderson K.N., Tye-Din J.A., Reid H.H., Chen Z., Borg N.A., Beissbarth T.,
RA   Tatham A., Mannering S.I., Purcell A.W., Dudek N.L., van Heel D.A.,
RA   McCluskey J., Rossjohn J., Anderson R.P.;
RT   "A structural and immunological basis for the role of human leukocyte
RT   antigen DQ8 in celiac disease.";
RL   Immunity 27:23-34(2007).
RN   [4]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.20 ANGSTROMS) OF 243-260 IN COMPLEX WITH
RP   HLA-DQA1/HLA-DQB1 HETERODIMER.
RX   PubMed=23063329; DOI=10.1016/j.immuni.2012.07.013;
RA   Broughton S.E., Petersen J., Theodossis A., Scally S.W., Loh K.L.,
RA   Thompson A., van Bergen J., Kooy-Winkelaar Y., Henderson K.N., Beddoe T.,
RA   Tye-Din J.A., Mannering S.I., Purcell A.W., McCluskey J., Anderson R.P.,
RA   Koning F., Reid H.H., Rossjohn J.;
RT   "Biased T cell receptor usage directed against human leukocyte antigen DQ8-
RT   restricted gliadin peptides is associated with celiac disease.";
RL   Immunity 37:611-621(2012).
RN   [5]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.65 ANGSTROMS) OF 246-260 IN COMPLEX WITH
RP   HLA-DQA1/HLA-DQB1 HETERODIMER.
RX   PubMed=25948817; DOI=10.4049/jimmunol.1500161;
RA   Petersen J., van Bergen J., Loh K.L., Kooy-Winkelaar Y., Beringer D.X.,
RA   Thompson A., Bakker S.F., Mulder C.J., Ladell K., McLaren J.E., Price D.A.,
RA   Rossjohn J., Reid H.H., Koning F.;
RT   "Determinants of gliadin-specific T cell selection in celiac disease.";
RL   J. Immunol. 194:6112-6122(2015).
RN   [6]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.55 ANGSTROMS) OF 246-260 IN COMPLEX WITH
RP   HLA-DQA1/HLA-DQB1 HETERODIMER.
RX   PubMed=27568928; DOI=10.1016/j.str.2016.07.010;
RA   Petersen J., Kooy-Winkelaar Y., Loh K.L., Tran M., van Bergen J.,
RA   Koning F., Rossjohn J., Reid H.H.;
RT   "Diverse T cell receptor gene usage in HLA-DQ8-associated celiac disease
RT   converges into a consensus binding solution.";
RL   Structure 24:1643-1657(2016).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Gliadin is the major seed storage protein in wheat.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in endosperm.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2102865}.
CC   -!- PTM: Substrate of transglutaminase. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:12351792}.
CC   -!- ALLERGEN: Causes an allergic reaction in human. Is the cause of the
CC       celiac disease, also known as celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive
CC       enteropathy. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12351792}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: An internal 33-mer peptide seems to be the primary
CC       initiator of the inflammatory response to gluten in Celiac Sprue
CC       patients. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12351792}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: The alpha/beta-gliadins can be divided into 5 homology
CC       classes. Sequence divergence between the classes is due to single base
CC       substitutions and to duplications or deletions within or near direct
CC       repeats. There are more than a 100 copies of the gene for alpha/beta-
CC       gliadin per haploid genome. {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gliadin/glutenin family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; X17361; CAA35238.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; S10015; S10015.
DR   PDB; 2NNA; X-ray; 2.10 A; C=243-260.
DR   PDB; 4GG6; X-ray; 3.20 A; I/J=243-260.
DR   PDB; 4OZF; X-ray; 2.70 A; J=96-105.
DR   PDB; 4OZG; X-ray; 3.00 A; I/J=96-105.
DR   PDB; 4OZH; X-ray; 2.80 A; I/J=96-105.
DR   PDB; 4OZI; X-ray; 3.20 A; I/J=79-89.
DR   PDB; 4Z7U; X-ray; 2.70 A; I/J=246-264.
DR   PDB; 4Z7V; X-ray; 2.65 A; I/J=246-264.
DR   PDB; 4Z7W; X-ray; 2.89 A; I/J=246-264.
DR   PDB; 5KS9; X-ray; 2.55 A; I/J=246-260.
DR   PDBsum; 2NNA; -.
DR   PDBsum; 4GG6; -.
DR   PDBsum; 4OZF; -.
DR   PDBsum; 4OZG; -.
DR   PDBsum; 4OZH; -.
DR   PDBsum; 4OZI; -.
DR   PDBsum; 4Z7U; -.
DR   PDBsum; 4Z7V; -.
DR   PDBsum; 4Z7W; -.
DR   PDBsum; 5KS9; -.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P18573; -.
DR   SMR; P18573; -.
DR   IntAct; P18573; 1.
DR   STRING; 4565.P18573; -.
DR   ABCD; P18573; 32 sequenced antibodies.
DR   EvolutionaryTrace; P18573; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000019116; Unplaced.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; P18573; baseline.
DR   GO; GO:0045735; F:nutrient reservoir activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.110.10; Plant lipid-transfer and hydrophobic proteins; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR036312; Bifun_inhib/LTP/seed_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR016140; Bifunc_inhib/LTP/seed_store.
DR   InterPro; IPR001954; Glia_glutenin.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR33454:SF7; ALPHA_BETA-GLIADIN MM1; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR33454; PROLAMIN PPROL 14P; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF13016; Gliadin; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00208; GLIADGLUTEN.
DR   PRINTS; PR00209; GLIADIN.
DR   SMART; SM00499; AAI; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF47699; Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid-transfer protein/seed storage 2S albumin; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   3D-structure; Allergen; Reference proteome; Repeat; Seed storage protein;
KW   Signal; Storage protein.
FT   SIGNAL          1..20
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   CHAIN           21..307
FT                   /note="Alpha/beta-gliadin MM1"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000032275"
FT   REGION          29..134
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   REGION          76..108
FT                   /note="Sufficient to initiate the primary inflammatory
FT                   response to gluten in Celiac Sprue patients"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12351792"
FT   REGION          242..267
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        29..54
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        55..114
FT                   /note="Pro residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
FT   COMPBIAS        115..134
FT                   /note="Polar residues"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite"
SQ   SEQUENCE   307 AA;  35397 MW;  06C1858BD96F1E08 CRC64;
     MKTFLILALL AIVATTARIA VRVPVPQLQP QNPSQQQPQE QVPLVQQQQF PGQQQPFPPQ
     QPYPQPQPFP SQQPYLQLQP FPQPQLPYPQ PQLPYPQPQL PYPQPQPFRP QQPYPQSQPQ
     YSQPQQPISQ QQQQQQQQQQ QKQQQQQQQQ ILQQILQQQL IPCRDVVLQQ HSIAYGSSQV
     LQQSTYQLVQ QLCCQQLWQI PEQSRCQAIH NVVHAIILHQ QQQQQQQQQQ QPLSQVSFQQ
     PQQQYPSGQG SFQPSQQNPQ AQGSVQPQQL PQFEEIRNLA LETLPAMCNV YIPPYCTIAP
     VGIFGTN
//