ID GPX2_HUMAN Reviewed; 190 AA. AC P18283; Q6PJ52; Q8WWI7; Q9NRP9; DT 01-NOV-1990, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 26-FEB-2008, sequence version 3. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 206. DE RecName: Full=Glutathione peroxidase 2; DE Short=GPx-2; DE Short=GSHPx-2; DE EC=1.11.1.9 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}; DE AltName: Full=Gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase; DE AltName: Full=Glutathione peroxidase-gastrointestinal {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8428933}; DE Short=GPx-GI {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8428933}; DE Short=GSHPx-GI {ECO:0000303|PubMed:8428933}; DE AltName: Full=Glutathione peroxidase-related protein 2; DE Short=GPRP-2; DE AltName: Full=Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX2 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:36608588}; DE EC=1.11.1.12 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588}; GN Name=GPX2 {ECO:0000303|Ref.9, ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:4554}; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=2388849; DOI=10.1093/nar/18.15.4619; RA Akasaka M., Mizoguchi J., Takahashi K.; RT "A human cDNA sequence of a novel glutathione peroxidase-related protein."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 18:4619-4619(1990). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, SUBCELLULAR RP LOCATION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND SUBUNIT. RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=8428933; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53812-6; RA Chu F.-F., Doroshow J.H., Esworthy R.S.; RT "Expression, characterization, and tissue distribution of a new cellular RT selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, GSHPx-GI."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 268:2571-2576(1993). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT LEU-37. RX PubMed=10806356; DOI=10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00137-2; RA Kelner M.J., Bagnell R.D., Montoya M.A., Lanham K.A.; RT "Structural organization of the human gastrointestinal glutathione RT peroxidase (GPX2) promoter and 3'-nontranscribed region: transcriptional RT response to exogenous redox agents."; RL Gene 248:109-116(2000). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANTS LEU-126 AND CYS-146. RG NIEHS SNPs program; RL Submitted (OCT-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=12508121; DOI=10.1038/nature01348; RA Heilig R., Eckenberg R., Petit J.-L., Fonknechten N., Da Silva C., RA Cattolico L., Levy M., Barbe V., De Berardinis V., Ureta-Vidal A., RA Pelletier E., Vico V., Anthouard V., Rowen L., Madan A., Qin S., Sun H., RA Du H., Pepin K., Artiguenave F., Robert C., Cruaud C., Bruels T., RA Jaillon O., Friedlander L., Samson G., Brottier P., Cure S., Segurens B., RA Aniere F., Samain S., Crespeau H., Abbasi N., Aiach N., Boscus D., RA Dickhoff R., Dors M., Dubois I., Friedman C., Gouyvenoux M., James R., RA Madan A., Mairey-Estrada B., Mangenot S., Martins N., Menard M., Oztas S., RA Ratcliffe A., Shaffer T., Trask B., Vacherie B., Bellemere C., Belser C., RA Besnard-Gonnet M., Bartol-Mavel D., Boutard M., Briez-Silla S., RA Combette S., Dufosse-Laurent V., Ferron C., Lechaplais C., Louesse C., RA Muselet D., Magdelenat G., Pateau E., Petit E., Sirvain-Trukniewicz P., RA Trybou A., Vega-Czarny N., Bataille E., Bluet E., Bordelais I., Dubois M., RA Dumont C., Guerin T., Haffray S., Hammadi R., Muanga J., Pellouin V., RA Robert D., Wunderle E., Gauguet G., Roy A., Sainte-Marthe L., Verdier J., RA Verdier-Discala C., Hillier L.W., Fulton L., McPherson J., Matsuda F., RA Wilson R., Scarpelli C., Gyapay G., Wincker P., Saurin W., Quetier F., RA Waterston R., Hood L., Weissenbach J.; RT "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14."; RL Nature 421:601-607(2003). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Brain, Prostate, and Urinary bladder; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [7] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17; RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., RA Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.; RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome."; RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011). RN [8] RP FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=36608588; DOI=10.1016/j.redox.2022.102593; RA Schwarz M., Loeser A., Cheng Q., Wichmann-Costaganna M., Schaedel P., RA Werz O., Arner E.S., Kipp A.P.; RT "Side-by-side comparison of recombinant human glutathione peroxidases RT identifies overlapping substrate specificities for soluble RT hydroperoxides."; RL Redox Biol. 59:102593-102593(2023). RN [9] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.1 ANGSTROMS) OF 4-188. RG Structural genomics consortium (SGC); RT "Crystal structure of the selenocysteine to cysteine mutant of human RT glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2)."; RL Submitted (FEB-2009) to the PDB data bank. CC -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides in a glutathione- CC dependent manner thus regulating cellular redox homeostasis CC (PubMed:8428933, PubMed:36608588). Can reduce small soluble CC hydroperoxides such as H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl CC hydroperoxide, as well as several fatty acid-derived hydroperoxides CC (PubMed:8428933, PubMed:36608588). Cannot reduce phosphatidycholine CC hydroperoxide (PubMed:8428933). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=2 glutathione + H2O2 = glutathione disulfide + 2 H2O; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:16833, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:16240, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57925, ChEBI:CHEBI:58297; EC=1.11.1.9; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:16834; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=a hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + 2 glutathione = a CC hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:19057, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:57925, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58297, ChEBI:CHEBI:131871, ChEBI:CHEBI:134019; CC EC=1.11.1.12; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:19058; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:36608588}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=2 glutathione + tert-butyl hydroperoxide = glutathione CC disulfide + H2O + tert-butanol; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:69412, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:45895, ChEBI:CHEBI:57925, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58297, ChEBI:CHEBI:64090; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:69413; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=cumene hydroperoxide + 2 glutathione = 2-phenylpropan-2-ol + CC glutathione disulfide + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:69651, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57925, ChEBI:CHEBI:58297, ChEBI:CHEBI:78673, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:131607; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:69652; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = CC (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + CC H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48888, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:57466, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57925, ChEBI:CHEBI:58297, ChEBI:CHEBI:90850; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48889; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:36608588}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 CC glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + CC glutathione disulfide + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48620, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57450, ChEBI:CHEBI:57925, ChEBI:CHEBI:58297, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:90632; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:48621; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:36608588}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 CC glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + CC glutathione disulfide + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76691, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57925, ChEBI:CHEBI:58297, ChEBI:CHEBI:75230, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:83343; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76692; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:36608588}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 CC glutathione = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + CC glutathione disulfide + H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76695, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57409, ChEBI:CHEBI:57446, ChEBI:CHEBI:57925, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58297; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:36608588}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76696; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:36608588}; CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Mostly in liver and gastrointestinal tract, not CC found in heart or kidney. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8428933}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=NIEHS-SNPs; CC URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/gpx2/"; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; X53463; CAB43534.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; X68314; CAA48394.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AF199441; AAF74026.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AY785560; AAV31780.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AL139022; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC005277; AAH05277.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC016756; AAH16756.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC022820; AAH22820.2; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC067221; AAH67221.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS41964.1; -. DR PIR; A45207; A45207. DR RefSeq; NP_002074.2; NM_002083.3. DR PDB; 2HE3; X-ray; 2.10 A; A=4-188. DR PDBsum; 2HE3; -. DR SMR; P18283; -. DR BioGRID; 109135; 3. DR IntAct; P18283; 4. DR MINT; P18283; -. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000374265; -. DR DrugBank; DB09096; Benzoyl peroxide. DR DrugBank; DB00143; Glutathione. DR DrugBank; DB03310; Glutathione disulfide. DR PeroxiBase; 3601; HsGPx02. DR iPTMnet; P18283; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P18283; -. DR BioMuta; GPX2; -. DR DMDM; 172046064; -. DR jPOST; P18283; -. DR MassIVE; P18283; -. DR MaxQB; P18283; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000374265; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P18283; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 53556; -. DR Antibodypedia; 47304; 217 antibodies from 31 providers. DR DNASU; 2877; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000389614.6; ENSP00000374265.5; ENSG00000176153.13. DR GeneID; 2877; -. DR KEGG; hsa:2877; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000389614.6; ENSP00000374265.5; NM_002083.4; NP_002074.2. DR UCSC; uc021ruq.3; human. DR AGR; HGNC:4554; -. DR CTD; 2877; -. DR DisGeNET; 2877; -. DR GeneCards; GPX2; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:4554; GPX2. DR HPA; ENSG00000176153; Tissue enhanced (gallbladder, intestine, liver, stomach, urinary bladder). DR MIM; 138319; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_P18283; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000176153; -. DR PharmGKB; PA28950; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000176153; -. DR eggNOG; KOG1651; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000160477; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_029507_2_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; P18283; -. DR OMA; NGEILNC; -. DR OrthoDB; 67394at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; P18283; -. DR TreeFam; TF105318; -. DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:HS11006-MONOMER; -. DR BRENDA; 1.11.1.9; 2681. DR PathwayCommons; P18283; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-2142688; Synthesis of 5-eicosatetraenoic acids. DR Reactome; R-HSA-2142712; Synthesis of 12-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives. DR Reactome; R-HSA-2142770; Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives. DR Reactome; R-HSA-3299685; Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species. DR Reactome; R-HSA-5628897; TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes. DR SABIO-RK; P18283; -. DR SignaLink; P18283; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 2877; 29 hits in 1160 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; GPX2; human. DR EvolutionaryTrace; P18283; -. DR GeneWiki; GPX2_(gene); -. DR GenomeRNAi; 2877; -. DR Pharos; P18283; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:P18283; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 14. DR RNAct; P18283; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000176153; Expressed in gall bladder and 144 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; P18283; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0045171; C:intercellular bridge; IDA:HPA. DR GO; GO:0072686; C:mitotic spindle; IDA:HPA. DR GO; GO:0009055; F:electron transfer activity; TAS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0004602; F:glutathione peroxidase activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0047066; F:phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0006979; P:response to oxidative stress; IEA:InterPro. DR CDD; cd00340; GSH_Peroxidase; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.40.30.10; Glutaredoxin; 1. DR InterPro; IPR000889; Glutathione_peroxidase. DR InterPro; IPR029759; GPX_AS. DR InterPro; IPR029760; GPX_CS. DR InterPro; IPR036249; Thioredoxin-like_sf. DR PANTHER; PTHR11592; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11592:SF36; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE 2; 1. DR Pfam; PF00255; GSHPx; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF000303; Glutathion_perox; 1. DR PRINTS; PR01011; GLUTPROXDASE. DR SUPFAM; SSF52833; Thioredoxin-like; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00460; GLUTATHIONE_PEROXID_1; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00763; GLUTATHIONE_PEROXID_2; 1. DR PROSITE; PS51355; GLUTATHIONE_PEROXID_3; 1. DR Genevisible; P18283; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Cytoplasm; Oxidoreductase; Peroxidase; Reference proteome; KW Selenocysteine. FT CHAIN 1..190 FT /note="Glutathione peroxidase 2" FT /id="PRO_0000066619" FT ACT_SITE 40 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O70325" FT NON_STD 40 FT /note="Selenocysteine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O70325" FT VARIANT 37 FT /note="A -> L (requires 2 nucleotide substitutions)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10806356" FT /id="VAR_003615" FT VARIANT 126 FT /note="P -> L (in dbSNP:rs17881652)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|Ref.4" FT /id="VAR_020916" FT VARIANT 146 FT /note="R -> C (in dbSNP:rs17880492)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|Ref.4" FT /id="VAR_020917" FT VARIANT 176 FT /note="I -> M" FT /id="VAR_003616" FT CONFLICT 37 FT /note="A -> R (in Ref. 1; CAB43534)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 77 FT /note="C -> S (in Ref. 1; CAB43534)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT HELIX 8..10 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT STRAND 12..15 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT STRAND 20..22 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT HELIX 23..26 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT STRAND 29..36 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT HELIX 43..56 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT TURN 58..60 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT STRAND 61..68 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT HELIX 79..81 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT HELIX 82..88 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT STRAND 98..102 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT STRAND 105..109 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT HELIX 114..122 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT HELIX 137..139 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT STRAND 156..159 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT STRAND 165..169 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT HELIX 175..178 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" FT HELIX 179..186 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:2HE3" SQ SEQUENCE 190 AA; 21954 MW; FC8C4E69C4DE83A0 CRC64; MAFIAKSFYD LSAISLDGEK VDFNTFRGRA VLIENVASLU GTTTRDFTQL NELQCRFPRR LVVLGFPCNQ FGHQENCQNE EILNSLKYVR PGGGYQPTFT LVQKCEVNGQ NEHPVFAYLK DKLPYPYDDP FSLMTDPKLI IWSPVRRSDV AWNFEKFLIG PEGEPFRRYS RTFPTINIEP DIKRLLKVAI //