ID TPH1_HUMAN Reviewed; 444 AA. AC P17752; D3DQX6; O95188; O95189; Q16736; Q3KPG8; DT 01-AUG-1990, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 17-OCT-2006, sequence version 4. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 214. DE RecName: Full=Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1; DE EC=1.14.16.4 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P17532}; DE AltName: Full=Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 1; GN Name=TPH1; Synonyms=TPH, TPRH, TRPH; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Carcinoma; RX PubMed=2377472; DOI=10.1093/nar/18.14.4257; RA Boulalard S., Darmon M.C., Ganem Y., Launay J.-M., Mallet J.; RT "Complete coding sequence of human tryptophan hydroxylase."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 18:4257-4257(1990). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC TISSUE=Brain; RX PubMed=7986090; DOI=10.1006/abbi.1994.1523; RA Tipper J.P., Citron B.A., Ribeiro P., Kaufman S.; RT "Cloning and expression of rabbit and human brain tryptophan hydroxylase RT cDNA in Escherichia coli."; RL Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 315:445-453(1994). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., RA Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., RA Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., RA Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., RA Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., RA Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., RA Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 388-444 (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2), AND TISSUE RP SPECIFICITY. RX PubMed=9751214; DOI=10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71041769.x; RA Wang G.A., Coon S.L., Kaufman S.; RT "Alternative splicing at the 3'-cDNA of human tryptophan hydroxylase."; RL J. Neurochem. 71:1769-1772(1998). RN [6] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.7 ANGSTROMS) OF 102-402 IN COMPLEX WITH IRON, AND RP COFACTOR. RX PubMed=12379098; DOI=10.1021/bi026561f; RA Wang L., Erlandsen H., Haavik J., Knappskog P.M., Stevens R.C.; RT "Three-dimensional structure of human tryptophan hydroxylase and its RT implications for the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin and RT melatonin."; RL Biochemistry 41:12569-12574(2002). CC -!- FUNCTION: Oxidizes L-tryptophan to 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan in the rate- CC determining step of serotonin biosynthesis. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P17532}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tryptophan + O2 CC = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 5- CC hydroxy-L-tryptophan; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:16709, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15642, ChEBI:CHEBI:57912, ChEBI:CHEBI:58266, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:59560; EC=1.14.16.4; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P17532}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Fe(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29033; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12379098}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Aromatic compound metabolism; serotonin biosynthesis; CC serotonin from L-tryptophan: step 1/2. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P17532}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homotetramer. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P70080}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC P17752; Q14457: BECN1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-3956833, EBI-949378; CC P17752; Q96IK1-2: BOD1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-3956833, EBI-18924329; CC P17752; Q9H8Y8: GORASP2; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-3956833, EBI-739467; CC P17752; O43586: PSTPIP1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-3956833, EBI-1050964; CC P17752; O95789-4: ZMYM6; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-3956833, EBI-12949277; CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=P17752-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; CC IsoId=P17752-2; Sequence=VSP_000546; CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: [Isoform 2]: Seems to be less widely expressed than CC isoform 1. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:9751214}. CC -!- PTM: Ubiquitinated, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. CC Ubiquitinated is triggered by phosphorylation. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09810}. CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated; triggering degradation by the proteasome. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09810}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid CC hydroxylase family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; X52836; CAA37018.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; L29306; AAA67050.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; CH471064; EAW68421.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471064; EAW68422.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC106739; AAI06740.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AF057280; AAC69458.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AF057280; AAC69459.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR CCDS; CCDS7829.1; -. [P17752-1] DR PIR; S10489; S10489. DR RefSeq; NP_004170.1; NM_004179.2. [P17752-1] DR PDB; 1MLW; X-ray; 1.71 A; A=102-402. DR PDB; 3HF6; X-ray; 1.80 A; A=105-393. DR PDB; 3HF8; X-ray; 1.85 A; A=105-393. DR PDB; 3HFB; X-ray; 1.92 A; A=104-393. DR PDB; 5J6D; X-ray; 1.90 A; A/B=102-402. DR PDB; 5L01; X-ray; 1.90 A; A=1-444. DR PDB; 5TPG; X-ray; 1.50 A; A=104-402. DR PDB; 7ZIF; X-ray; 1.87 A; A=105-401. DR PDB; 7ZIG; X-ray; 1.81 A; A=105-401. DR PDB; 7ZIH; X-ray; 1.47 A; A=105-401. DR PDB; 7ZII; X-ray; 1.63 A; A=105-401. DR PDB; 7ZIJ; X-ray; 1.95 A; A=105-401. DR PDB; 7ZIK; X-ray; 2.59 A; A/B=105-401. DR PDBsum; 1MLW; -. DR PDBsum; 3HF6; -. DR PDBsum; 3HF8; -. DR PDBsum; 3HFB; -. DR PDBsum; 5J6D; -. DR PDBsum; 5L01; -. DR PDBsum; 5TPG; -. DR PDBsum; 7ZIF; -. DR PDBsum; 7ZIG; -. DR PDBsum; 7ZIH; -. DR PDBsum; 7ZII; -. DR PDBsum; 7ZIJ; -. DR PDBsum; 7ZIK; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; P17752; -. DR SMR; P17752; -. DR BioGRID; 113019; 12. DR IntAct; P17752; 12. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000250018; -. DR BindingDB; P17752; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL5689; -. DR DrugBank; DB05199; LX1031. DR DrugBank; DB00360; Sapropterin. DR DrugBank; DB12095; Telotristat ethyl. DR DrugBank; DB00150; Tryptophan. DR DrugCentral; P17752; -. DR GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY; 1241; -. DR GlyGen; P17752; 1 site, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site). DR iPTMnet; P17752; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P17752; -. DR BioMuta; TPH1; -. DR DMDM; 116242823; -. DR jPOST; P17752; -. DR MassIVE; P17752; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000250018; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P17752; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 53513; -. [P17752-1] DR ProteomicsDB; 53514; -. [P17752-2] DR Antibodypedia; 4386; 671 antibodies from 43 providers. DR DNASU; 7166; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000250018.6; ENSP00000250018.2; ENSG00000129167.10. [P17752-1] DR Ensembl; ENST00000682019.1; ENSP00000508368.1; ENSG00000129167.10. [P17752-1] DR GeneID; 7166; -. DR KEGG; hsa:7166; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000682019.1; ENSP00000508368.1; NM_004179.3; NP_004170.1. DR UCSC; uc001mnp.3; human. [P17752-1] DR AGR; HGNC:12008; -. DR CTD; 7166; -. DR DisGeNET; 7166; -. DR GeneCards; TPH1; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:12008; TPH1. DR HPA; ENSG00000129167; Group enriched (choroid plexus, intestine, stomach). DR MIM; 191060; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_P17752; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000129167; -. DR PharmGKB; PA355; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000129167; -. DR eggNOG; KOG3820; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00950000182885; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_023198_0_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; P17752; -. DR OMA; SEVDMPW; -. DR OrthoDB; 275463at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; P17752; -. DR TreeFam; TF313327; -. DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:HS05250-MONOMER; -. DR BRENDA; 1.14.16.4; 2681. DR PathwayCommons; P17752; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-209931; Serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis. DR Reactome; R-HSA-9031628; NGF-stimulated transcription. DR SABIO-RK; P17752; -. DR SignaLink; P17752; -. DR SIGNOR; P17752; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00846; UER00799. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 7166; 20 hits in 1158 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; TPH1; human. DR EvolutionaryTrace; P17752; -. DR GeneWiki; TPH1; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 7166; -. DR Pharos; P17752; Tclin. DR PRO; PR:P17752; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 11. DR RNAct; P17752; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000129167; Expressed in buccal mucosa cell and 103 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; P17752; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0043005; C:neuron projection; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005506; F:iron ion binding; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0004510; F:tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0009072; P:aromatic amino acid metabolic process; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0046849; P:bone remodeling; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0007623; P:circadian rhythm; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0060749; P:mammary gland alveolus development; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0030279; P:negative regulation of ossification; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0002576; P:platelet degranulation; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0045600; P:positive regulation of fat cell differentiation; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:1900046; P:regulation of hemostasis; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0035902; P:response to immobilization stress; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0042427; P:serotonin biosynthetic process; ISS:UniProtKB. DR CDD; cd04929; ACT_TPH; 1. DR CDD; cd03346; eu_TrpOH; 1. DR Gene3D; 1.10.800.10; Aromatic amino acid hydroxylase; 1. DR InterPro; IPR045865; ACT-like_dom_sf. DR InterPro; IPR002912; ACT_dom. DR InterPro; IPR001273; ArAA_hydroxylase. DR InterPro; IPR018301; ArAA_hydroxylase_Fe/CU_BS. DR InterPro; IPR036951; ArAA_hydroxylase_sf. DR InterPro; IPR036329; Aro-AA_hydroxylase_C_sf. DR InterPro; IPR019774; Aromatic-AA_hydroxylase_C. DR InterPro; IPR005963; Trp_5_mOase. DR InterPro; IPR041904; TrpOH_cat. DR InterPro; IPR019773; Tyrosine_3-monooxygenase-like. DR NCBIfam; TIGR01270; Trp_5_monoox; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11473; AROMATIC AMINO ACID HYDROXYLASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11473:SF23; TRYPTOPHAN 5-HYDROXYLASE 1; 1. DR Pfam; PF00351; Biopterin_H; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF000336; TH; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00372; FYWHYDRXLASE. DR SUPFAM; SSF55021; ACT-like; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF56534; Aromatic aminoacid monoxygenases, catalytic and oligomerization domains; 1. DR PROSITE; PS51671; ACT; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00367; BH4_AAA_HYDROXYL_1; 1. DR PROSITE; PS51410; BH4_AAA_HYDROXYL_2; 1. DR Genevisible; P17752; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Alternative splicing; Iron; Metal-binding; Monooxygenase; KW Oxidoreductase; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome; Serotonin biosynthesis; KW Ubl conjugation. FT CHAIN 1..444 FT /note="Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1" FT /id="PRO_0000205568" FT DOMAIN 19..94 FT /note="ACT" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01007" FT BINDING 235 FT /ligand="L-tryptophan" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57912" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P70080" FT BINDING 257 FT /ligand="L-tryptophan" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57912" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P70080" FT BINDING 265 FT /ligand="L-tryptophan" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57912" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P70080" FT BINDING 272 FT /ligand="Fe cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12379098, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1MLW" FT BINDING 277 FT /ligand="Fe cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12379098, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1MLW" FT BINDING 317 FT /ligand="Fe cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12379098, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1MLW" FT BINDING 336 FT /ligand="L-tryptophan" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57912" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P70080" FT BINDING 366 FT /ligand="L-tryptophan" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:57912" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P70080" FT MOD_RES 58 FT /note="Phosphoserine; by PKA" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT VAR_SEQ 438..444 FT /note="VSRKPSI -> SLNEDVLQVSVFALLLFLPSLHGECHPDT (in isoform FT 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT /id="VSP_000546" FT CONFLICT 19 FT /note="S -> T (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 68 FT /note="I -> T (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 90..91 FT /note="NL -> TP (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 97 FT /note="L -> M (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 100 FT /note="D -> E (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 104 FT /note="T -> S (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 151 FT /note="L -> S (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 154 FT /note="N -> S (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 157 FT /note="H -> Y (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 179 FT /note="Q -> R (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 207 FT /note="R -> Q (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 217 FT /note="V -> I (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 344 FT /note="A -> V (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 414 FT /note="T -> A (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 419 FT /note="S -> N (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 425 FT /note="Q -> R (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 436 FT /note="A -> G (in Ref. 2; AAA67050)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT HELIX 112..117 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT TURN 118..120 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT TURN 126..128 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:5J6D" FT STRAND 131..133 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIJ" FT TURN 134..137 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 139..154 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 168..188 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 191..203 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 214..225 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT STRAND 228..231 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT STRAND 233..235 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1MLW" FT HELIX 238..245 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT TURN 246..248 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT STRAND 249..252 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 270..276 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 278..281 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 284..297 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 302..313 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT TURN 314..318 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT STRAND 320..323 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT STRAND 326..329 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 332..335 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 338..344 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT TURN 345..347 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:3HF6" FT STRAND 351..353 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 356..359 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT STRAND 366..368 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT STRAND 373..377 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" FT HELIX 379..393 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7ZIH" SQ SEQUENCE 444 AA; 50985 MW; DFAD501446953A91 CRC64; MIEDNKENKD HSLERGRASL IFSLKNEVGG LIKALKIFQE KHVNLLHIES RKSKRRNSEF EIFVDCDINR EQLNDIFHLL KSHTNVLSVN LPDNFTLKED GMETVPWFPK KISDLDHCAN RVLMYGSELD ADHPGFKDNV YRKRRKYFAD LAMNYKHGDP IPKVEFTEEE IKTWGTVFQE LNKLYPTHAC REYLKNLPLL SKYCGYREDN IPQLEDVSNF LKERTGFSIR PVAGYLSPRD FLSGLAFRVF HCTQYVRHSS DPFYTPEPDT CHELLGHVPL LAEPSFAQFS QEIGLASLGA SEEAVQKLAT CYFFTVEFGL CKQDGQLRVF GAGLLSSISE LKHALSGHAK VKPFDPKITC KQECLITTFQ DVYFVSESFE DAKEKMREFT KTIKRPFGVK YNPYTRSIQI LKDTKSITSA MNELQHDLDV VSDALAKVSR KPSI //