Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P17712 (HXK4_RAT)
Last modified
October 13, 2009.
Version 88.
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Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents
Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Glucokinase EC=2.7.1.2 Alternative name(s): Hexokinase type IV Short name=HK IV Hexokinase-4 Short name=HK4 Hexokinase-D | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Rattus norvegicus (Rat) | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10116 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 465 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is not processed. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Catalyzes the initial step in utilization of glucose by the beta-cell and liver at physiological glucose concentration. Pancreatic glucokinase plays an important role in modulating insulin secretion. Hepatic glucokinase helps to facilitate the uptake and conversion of glucose by acting as an insulin-sensitive determinant of hepatic glucose usage. |
| Catalytic activity | ATP + D-glucose = ADP + D-glucose 6-phosphate. |
| Subunit structure | Monomer By similarity. |
| Tissue specificity | |
| Miscellaneous | In vertebrates there are four major glucose-phosphorylating isoenzymes, designated hexokinase I, II, III and IV (glucokinase). |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the hexokinase family. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] Note: A number of isoforms are produced by alternative promoter usage. The use of alternative promoters apparently enables the type IV hexokinase gene to be regulated by insulin in the liver and glucose in the beta cell. This may constitute an important feedback loop for maintaining glucose homeostasis. | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: P17712-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: P17712-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 122-138: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: P17712-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-15: MLDDRARMEATKKEK → MAMDTTRCGAQLLTL |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 465 | 465 | Glucokinase | PRO_0000197595 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 78 – 83 | 6 | ATP Potential | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 295 – 296 | 2 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 332 – 336 | 5 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 411 – 415 | 5 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 151 – 152 | 2 | Substrate binding By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 168 – 169 | 2 | Substrate binding By similarity | ||||||
| Region | 204 – 205 | 2 | Substrate binding By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Binding site | 104 | 1 | ATP Potential | ||||||
| Binding site | 228 | 1 | ATP By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 231 | 1 | Substrate By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 256 | 1 | Substrate By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 290 | 1 | Substrate By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 15 | 15 | MLDDR…TKKEK → MAMDTTRCGAQLLTL in isoform 3. | VSP_002077 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 122 – 138 | 17 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_002078 | |||||
Sequences
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References
| [1] | "The amino acid sequence of rat liver glucokinase deduced from cloned cDNA." Andreone T.L., Printz R.L., Pilkis S.J., Magnuson M.A., Granner D.K. J. Biol. Chem. 264:363-369(1989) [PubMed: 2909525] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 3), PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE. Tissue: Liver. |
| [2] | "Alternative splicing of glucokinase mRNA in rat liver." Hayzer D.J., Iynedjian P.B. Biochem. J. 270:261-263(1990) [PubMed: 2396986] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA], ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. Tissue: Liver. |
| [3] | "An alternate promoter in the glucokinase gene is active in the pancreatic beta cell." Magnuson M.A., Shelton K.D. J. Biol. Chem. 264:15936-15942(1989) [PubMed: 2550428] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] OF 1-15 (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Pancreas. |
| [4] | "Rat glucokinase gene: structure and regulation by insulin." Magnuson M.A., Andeone T.L., Printz R.L., Koch S., Granner D.K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:4838-4842(1989) [PubMed: 2662183] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-15 (ISOFORM 3). |
| [5] | "Characterization of the 5' flanking region of rat glucokinase gene." Noguchi T., Takenaka M., Yamada K., Matsuda T., Hashimoto M., Tanaka T. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 164:1247-1252(1989) [PubMed: 2590200] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 1-15 (ISOFORM 3). |
| [6] | "Expression of normal and novel glucokinase mRNAs in anterior pituitary and islet cells." Hughes S.D., Quaade C., Milburn J.L., Cassidy L., Newgard C.B. J. Biol. Chem. 266:4521-4530(1991) [PubMed: 1999433] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 1-166 (ISOFORM 1). |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| J04218 mRNA. Translation: AAA41229.1. M24952  M24951 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA41230.1. M25806 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA41238.1. M25807 mRNA. Translation: AAA41239.1. M58759 mRNA. Translation: AAA41236.1. X53588 mRNA. Translation: CAA37657.1. X53590 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA37660.1. M30770 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA41231.1. | |
| IPI | IPI00190888. IPI00202358. IPI00231947. |
| PIR | A31810. I84740. |
| RefSeq | NP_036697.1. |
| UniGene | Rn.10447 |
3D structure databases | |
| HSSP | HSSP built from PDB template 1QHA based on UniProtKB P19367. |
| SMR | P17712. Positions 16-461. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | P17712. |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSRNOT00000019625; ENSRNOP00000019625; ENSRNOG00000014447; Rattus norvegicus. [Genome view] ENSRNOT00000043053; ENSRNOP00000043229; ENSRNOG00000014447; Rattus norvegicus. [Genome view] |
| GeneID | 24385. |
| KEGG | rno:24385. |
| UCSC | M25807. rat. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 24385. |
| RGD | 2670. Gck. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| HOVERGEN | P17712. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| BRENDA | 2.7.1.2. 248. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P17712. |
| Genevestigator | P17712. |
| GermOnline | ENSRNOG00000014447. Rattus norvegicus. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR001312. Hexokinase. IPR019807. Hexokinase_CS. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHER | PTHR19443. Hexokinase. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00349. Hexokinase_1. 1 hit. PF03727. Hexokinase_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00475. HEXOKINASE. |
| ProDom | PD001109. Hexokinase. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain] |
| PROSITE | PS00378. HEXOKINASES. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other Resources | |
| NextBio | 603157. |
Entry information
| Entry name | HXK4_RAT | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P17712 Secondary accession number(s): P17711 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
