Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P17677 (NEUM_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Neuromodulin
Alternative name(s):
    Axonal membrane protein GAP-43
    Growth-associated protein 43
    PP46
    Neural phosphoprotein B-50

Gene names

Name:

GAP43

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	238 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	This protein is associated with nerve growth. It is a major component of the motile "growth cones" that form the tips of elongating axons.
Subunit structure	Binds calmodulin with a greater affinity in the absence of Ca2+ than in its presence By similarity.
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cell projection › growth cone membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cell junction › synapse. Note: Cytoplasmic surface of growth cone and synaptic plasma membranes.
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylation of this protein by a protein kinase C is specifically correlated with certain forms of synaptic plasticity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the neuromodulin family. Contains 1 IQ domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Differentiation Growth regulation Neurogenesis
Cellular component	Cell junction Cell membrane Cell projection Membrane Synapse
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Ligand	Calmodulin-binding
Molecular function	Developmental protein
PTM	Lipoprotein Palmitate Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	activation of protein kinase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc regulation of growth Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	cell junction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell growth cone membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell synapse Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	calmodulin binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
PRKCD	Q05655	3	EBI-1267511,EBI-704279

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 238	238	Neuromodulin		PRO_0000159596
Regions
	Domain	31 – 60	30	IQ
	Region	1 – 4	4	Important for membrane binding
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	41	1	Phosphoserine By similarity
	Modified residue	94	1	Phosphothreonine By similarity
	Modified residue	181	1	Phosphothreonine By similarity
	Modified residue	202	1	Phosphoserine; by CK2 By similarity
	Modified residue	203	1	Phosphoserine; by CK2 By similarity
	Lipidation	3	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine By similarity
	Lipidation	4	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	59	1	V → I: dbSNP rs6291. Ref.6		VAR_014172
	Natural variant	162	1	K → E: dbSNP rs11557762.		VAR_050271

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P17677-1 [UniParc]. Last modified August 1, 1990. Version 1. Checksum: B3536D012A127CC8	FASTA	238	24,803
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MLCCMRRTKQ VEKNDDDQKI EQDGIKPEDK AHKAATKIQA SFRGHITRKK LKGEKKDDVQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 AAEAEANKKD EAPVADGVEK KGEGTTTAEA APATGSKPDE PGKAGETPSE EKKGEGDAAT 130 140 150 160 170 180 EQAAPQAPAS SEEKAGSAET ESATKASTDN SPSSKAEDAP AKEEPKQADV PAAVTAAAAT 190 200 210 220 230 TPAAEDAAAK ATAQPPTETG ESSQAEENIE AVDETKPKES ARQDEGKEEE PEADQEHA

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Human GAP-43: its deduced amino acid sequence and chromosomal localization in mouse and human." Kosik K.S., Orecchio L.D., Bruns G.A.P., Benowitz L.I., McDonald G.P., Cox D.R., Neve R. Neuron 1:127-132(1988) [PubMed: 3272162] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"Cloning of human GAP-43: growth association and ischemic resurgence." Ng S.-C., de la Monte S.M., Conboy G.L., Karns L.R., Fishman M.C. Neuron 1:133-139(1988) [PubMed: 3272163] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE.
[3]	"Structure of the human gene for the neural phosphoprotein B-50 (GAP-43)." Nielander H.B., de Groen P.C., Eggen B.J., Schrama L.H., Gispen W.H., Schotman P. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 19:293-302(1993) [PubMed: 8231732] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	NIEHS SNPs program Submitted (NOV-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[6]	"Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes." Cargill M., Altshuler D., Ireland J., Sklar P., Ardlie K., Patil N., Shaw N., Lane C.R., Lim E.P., Kalyanaraman N., Nemesh J., Ziaugra L., Friedland L., Rolfe A., Warrington J., Lipshutz R., Daley G.Q., Lander E.S. Nat. Genet. 22:231-238(1999) [PubMed: 10391209] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT ILE-59.
[7]	Erratum Cargill M., Altshuler D., Ireland J., Sklar P., Ardlie K., Patil N., Shaw N., Lane C.R., Lim E.P., Kalyanaraman N., Nemesh J., Ziaugra L., Friedland L., Rolfe A., Warrington J., Lipshutz R., Daley G.Q., Lander E.S. Nat. Genet. 23:373-373(1999)
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

NIEHS-SNPs

Wikipedia

Gap-43 entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	M25667 mRNA. Translation: AAA52516.1. S66541, S66533, S66534 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB28649.1. AY842481 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAV88094.1. BC007936 mRNA. Translation: AAH07936.1.
IPI	IPI00015964.
PIR	I52638.
RefSeq	NP_002036.1.
UniGene	Hs.134974
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIP	DIP:452N.
IntAct	P17677. 1 interaction.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P17677.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P17677.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSG00000172020. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID	2596.
UCSC	uc003ebq.1. human.
Organism-specific databases
GeneCards	GC03P116825.
H-InvDB	HIX0003572.
HGNC	HGNC:4140. GAP43.
HPA	CAB004417. HPA013392. HPA015600.
MIM	162060. gene.
PharmGKB	PA28553.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	P17677.
HOVERGEN	P17677.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P17677.
Bgee	P17677.
CleanEx	HS_GAP43.
GermOnline	ENSG00000172020. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR000048. IQ_CaM_bd_region. IPR001422. Neuromodulin. IPR017454. Neuromodulin_C. IPR018947. Neuromodulin_gap-junction_N. IPR018243. Neuromodulin_palmitoyl/P. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00612. IQ. 1 hit. PF06614. Neuromodulin. 1 hit. PF10580. Neuromodulin_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00215. NEUROMODULIN.
SMART	SM00015. IQ. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS50096. IQ. 1 hit. PS00412. NEUROMODULIN_1. 1 hit. PS00413. NEUROMODULIN_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
NextBio	10267.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

NEUM_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P17677

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 1, 1990
Last sequence update:	August 1, 1990
Last modified:	July 7, 2009
This is version 103 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)