Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P17444 (BETA_ECOLI)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Choline dehydrogenase
      Short name=CHD
      Short name=CDH
    EC=1.1.99.1

Gene names

Name:	betA
Ordered Locus Names:	b0311, JW0303

Organism

Escherichia coli (strain K12) [Complete proteome] [HAMAP]

Taxonomic identifier

83333 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Bacteria › Proteobacteria › Gammaproteobacteria › Enterobacteriales › Enterobacteriaceae › Escherichia

Protein attributes

Sequence length	556 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Can catalyze the oxidation of choline to betaine aldehyde and betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine at the same rate. HAMAP MF_00750
Catalytic activity	Choline + acceptor = betaine aldehyde + reduced acceptor. HAMAP MF_00750
Cofactor	FAD. HAMAP MF_00750
Pathway	Amine and polyamine biosynthesis; betaine biosynthesis via choline pathway; betaine aldehyde from choline (cytochrome c reductase route): step 1/1. HAMAP MF_00750
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. HAMAP MF_00750
Induction	By osmotic stress. Choline is required for full expression. HAMAP MF_00750
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Stress response
Cellular component	Cell membrane Membrane
Ligand	FAD Flavoprotein
Molecular function	Oxidoreductase
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cellular alcohol metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: HAMAP oxidation reduction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW response to stress Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	FAD binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro choline dehydrogenase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: HAMAP protein binding Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
surE	P0A840	1	EBI-1115667,EBI-1126761

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 556	556	Choline dehydrogenase HAMAP MF_00750		PRO_0000205586
Regions
	Nucleotide binding	4 – 33	30	FAD Probable
Sites
	Active site	473	1	By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P17444-1 [UniParc]. Last modified August 1, 1990. Version 1. Checksum: E182480168C8E9FD	FASTA	556	61,878
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MQFDYIIIGA GSAGNVLATR LTEDPNTSVL LLEAGGPDYR FDFRTQMPAA LAFPLQGKRY 70 80 90 100 110 120 NWAYETEPEP FMNNRRMECG RGKGLGGSSL INGMCYIRGN ALDLDNWAQE PGLENWSYLD 130 140 150 160 170 180 CLPYYRKAET RDMGENDYHG GDGPVSVTTS KPGVNPLFEA MIEAGVQAGY PRTDDLNGYQ 190 200 210 220 230 240 QEGFGPMDRT VTPQGRRAST ARGYLDQAKS RPNLTIRTHA MTDHIIFDGK RAVGVEWLEG 250 260 270 280 290 300 DSTIPTRATA NKEVLLCAGA IASPQILQRS GVGNAELLAE FDIPLVHELP GVGENLQDHL 310 320 330 340 350 360 EMYLQYECKE PVSLYPALQW WNQPKIGAEW LFGGTGVGAS NHFEAGGFIR SREEFAWPNI 370 380 390 400 410 420 QYHFLPVAIN YNGSNAVKEH GFQCHVGSMR SPSRGHVRIK SRDPHQHPAI LFNYMSHEQD 430 440 450 460 470 480 WQEFRDAIRI TREIMHQPAL DQYRGREISP GVECQTDEQL DEFVRNHAET AFHPCGTCKM 490 500 510 520 530 540 GYDEMSVVDG EGRVHGLEGL RVVDASIMPQ IITGNLNATT IMIGEKIADM IRGQEALPRS 550 TAGYFVANGM PVRAKK

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"DNA sequence and analysis of the bet genes encoding the osmoregulatory choline-glycine betaine pathway of Escherichia coli." Lamark T., Kaasen E., Eshoo M.W., Falkenberg P., McDougall J., Strom A.R. Mol. Microbiol. 5:1049-1064(1991) [PubMed: 1956285] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: K12.
[2]	"Characterization of an Escherichia coli gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH): structural similarity to mammalian ALDHs and a plant BADH." Boyd L.A., Adam L., Pelcher L.E., McHughen A., Hirji R., Selvaraj G. Gene 103:45-52(1991) [PubMed: 1879697] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Sequence of minutes 4-25 of Escherichia coli." Chung E., Allen E., Araujo R., Aparicio A.M., Davis K., Duncan M., Federspiel N., Hyman R., Kalman S., Komp C., Kurdi O., Lew H., Lin D., Namath A., Oefner P., Roberts D., Schramm S., Davis R.W. Submitted (JAN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: K12 / MG1655 / ATCC 47076.
[4]	"The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12." Blattner F.R., Plunkett G. III, Bloch C.A., Perna N.T., Burland V., Riley M., Collado-Vides J., Glasner J.D., Rode C.K., Mayhew G.F., Gregor J., Davis N.W., Kirkpatrick H.A., Goeden M.A., Rose D.J., Mau B., Shao Y. Science 277:1453-1474(1997) [PubMed: 9278503] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: K12 / MG1655 / ATCC 47076.
[5]	"Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110." Hayashi K., Morooka N., Yamamoto Y., Fujita K., Isono K., Choi S., Ohtsubo E., Baba T., Wanner B.L., Mori H., Horiuchi T. Mol. Syst. Biol. 2:E1-E5(2006) [PubMed: 16738553] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: K12 / W3110 / ATCC 27325 / DSM 5911.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	X52905 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA37093.1. M77738 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA23504.1. U73857 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB18037.1. Different initiation. U00096 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC73414.1. AP009048 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAE76094.1.
PIR	S10901. S15182.
RefSeq	AP_000964.1. NP_414845.1.
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 1CF3 based on UniProtKB P13006.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	P17444. 7 interactions.
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	945716.
GenomeReviews	Gene locus JW0303 in contig AP009048_GR. Gene locus b0311 in contig U00096_GR.
KEGG	ecj:JW0303. eco:b0311.
Organism-specific databases
EchoBASE	EB0107.
EcoGene	EG10109. betA.
CMR	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	P17444.
OMA	P17444. PNLQYHF.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BioCyc	EcoCyc:CHD-MON. MetaCyc:CHD-MON.
Family and domain databases
HAMAP	MF_00750. [Tree]
InterPro	IPR011533. Choline_dehydrogenase. IPR012132. GMC_OxRdtase. IPR000172. GMC_OxRdtase_N. IPR007867. GMC_OxRtase_C. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF05199. GMC_oxred_C. 1 hit. PF00732. GMC_oxred_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF000137. Alcohol_oxidase. 1 hit.
TIGRFAMs	TIGR01810. betA. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS00623. GMC_OXRED_1. 1 hit. PS00624. GMC_OXRED_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

BETA_ECOLI

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P17444
Secondary accession number(s): P77861, Q2MCB2

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 1, 1990
Last sequence update:	August 1, 1990
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 81 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HAMAP (High-quality Automated and Manual Annotation of microbial Proteomes)