ID HMGA1_HUMAN Reviewed; 96 AA. AC P17096-2; DT 01-AUG-1990, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 3. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 245. DE RecName: Full=Isoform HMG-Y of High mobility group protein HMG-I/HMG-Y; DE Short=HMG-I(Y); DE AltName: Full=High mobility group AT-hook protein 1; DE Short=High mobility group protein A1; DE AltName: Full=High mobility group protein R; GN Name=HMGA1; Synonyms=HMGIY; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS HMG-I AND HMG-Y). RX PubMed=2505228; DOI=10.1093/nar/17.15.5947; RA Eckner R., Birnstiel M.L.; RT "Cloning of cDNAs coding for human HMG I and HMG Y proteins: both are RT capable of binding to the octamer sequence motif."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 17:5947-5959(1989). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS HMG-I AND HMG-Y). RX PubMed=2701943; DOI=10.1128/mcb.9.5.2114-2123.1989; RA Johnson K.R., Lehn D.A., Reeves R.; RT "Alternative processing of mRNAs encoding mammalian chromosomal high- RT mobility-group proteins HMG-I and HMG-Y."; RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:2114-2123(1989). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RC TISSUE=Placenta; RX PubMed=8414980; DOI=10.1093/nar/21.18.4259; RA Friedmann M., Holth L.T., Zoghbi H.Y., Reeves R.; RT "Organization, inducible-expression and chromosome localization of the RT human HMG-I(Y) nonhistone protein gene."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 21:4259-4267(1993). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM HMG-R). RX PubMed=10428834; DOI=10.1074/jbc.274.32.22563; RA Nagpal S., Ghosn C., DiSepio D., Molina Y., Sutter M., Klein E.S., RA Chandraratna R.A.S.; RT "Retinoid-dependent recruitment of a histone H1 displacement activity by RT retinoic acid receptor."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 274:22563-22568(1999). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=14574404; DOI=10.1038/nature02055; RA Mungall A.J., Palmer S.A., Sims S.K., Edwards C.A., Ashurst J.L., RA Wilming L., Jones M.C., Horton R., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Gilbert J.G.R., RA Clamp M.E., Bethel G., Milne S., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., RA Andrews T.D., Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., RA Banerjee R., Barker D.J., Barlow K.F., Bates K., Beare D.M., Beasley H., RA Beasley O., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bray-Allen S., Brook J., Brown A.J., RA Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., RA Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clark G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V., RA Collier R.E., Collins J.E., Colman L.K., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., RA Culley K.M., Dhami P., Davies J., Dunn M., Earthrowl M.E., Ellington A.E., RA Evans K.A., Faulkner L., Francis M.D., Frankish A., Frankland J., RA French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Ghori M.J., Gilby L.M., Gillson C.J., RA Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Grant M., Gribble S., Griffiths C., RA Griffiths M.N.D., Hall R., Halls K.S., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E.A., RA Heath P.D., Heathcott R., Holmes S.J., Howden P.J., Howe K.L., Howell G.R., RA Huckle E., Humphray S.J., Humphries M.D., Hunt A.R., Johnson C.M., RA Joy A.A., Kay M., Keenan S.J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., RA Langford C., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Leversha M., Lloyd C.R., RA Lloyd D.M., Loveland J.E., Lovell J., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., RA Maslen G.L., Matthews L., McCann O.T., McLaren S.J., McLay K., McMurray A., RA Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Niblett D., Nickerson T., Novik K.L., RA Oliver K., Overton-Larty E.K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., RA Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S., Plumb R.W., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., RA Ranby S.A., Rice C.M., Ross M.T., Searle S.M., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., RA Skuce C.D., Smith S., Smith M., Spraggon L., Squares S.L., Steward C.A., RA Sycamore N., Tamlyn-Hall G., Tester J., Theaker A.J., Thomas D.W., RA Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tubby B., Wall M., Wallis J.M., RA West A.P., White S.S., Whitehead S.L., Whittaker H., Wild A., Willey D.J., RA Wilmer T.E., Wood J.M., Wray P.W., Wyatt J.C., Young L., Younger R.M., RA Bentley D.R., Coulson A., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Sulston J.E., Dunham I., RA Rogers J., Beck S.; RT "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6."; RL Nature 425:805-811(2003). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS HMG-I AND HMG-Y). RC TISSUE=B-cell, Mammary gland, Muscle, Pancreas, and Uterus; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [7] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 4-107 (HMG-I). RX PubMed=3619901; DOI=10.1016/0006-291x(87)90589-4; RA Lund T., Dahl K.H., Mork E., Holtlund J., Laland S.G.; RT "The human chromosomal protein HMG I contains two identical palindrome RT amino acid sequences."; RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 146:725-730(1987). RN [8] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 4-107 (HMG-Y). RX PubMed=2920035; DOI=10.1016/0006-291x(89)92770-8; RA Karlson J.R., Mork E., Holtlund J., Laland S.G., Lund T.; RT "The amino acid sequence of the chromosomal protein HMG-Y, its relation to RT HMG-I and possible domains for the preferential binding of the proteins to RT stretches of A-T base pairs."; RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 158:646-651(1989). RN [9] RP DNA-BINDING DOMAINS. RX PubMed=1692833; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38926-4; RA Reeves R., Nissen M.S.; RT "The A.T-DNA-binding domain of mammalian high mobility group I chromosomal RT proteins. A novel peptide motif for recognizing DNA structure."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 265:8573-8582(1990). RN [10] RP CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION WITH RAD51B. RX PubMed=11978964; DOI=10.1159/000057011; RA Blank C., Schoenmakers E.F.P.M., Rogalla P., Huys E.H., van Rijk A.A., RA Drieschner N., Bullerdiek J.; RT "Intragenic breakpoint within RAD51L1 in a t(6;14)(p21.3;q24) of a RT pulmonary chondroid hamartoma."; RL Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 95:17-19(2001). RN [11] RP PHOSPHORYLATION, METHYLATION AT ARG-26, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS RP SPECTROMETRY. RX PubMed=12653562; DOI=10.1021/bi027338l; RA Sgarra R., Diana F., Bellarosa C., Dekleva V., Rustighi A., Toller M., RA Manfioletti G., Giancotti V.; RT "During apoptosis of tumor cells HMGA1a protein undergoes methylation: RT identification of the modification site by mass spectrometry."; RL Biochemistry 42:3575-3585(2003). RN [12] RP METHYLATION BY PRMT6. RX PubMed=16157300; DOI=10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.179; RA Miranda T.B., Webb K.J., Edberg D.D., Reeves R., Clarke S.; RT "Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 specifically methylates the RT nonhistone chromatin protein HMGA1a."; RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 336:831-835(2005). RN [13] RP PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103, METHYLATION AT ARG-26, AND RP MASS SPECTROMETRY. RX PubMed=15835918; DOI=10.1021/bi0475525; RA Zou Y., Wang Y.; RT "Tandem mass spectrometry for the examination of the posttranslational RT modifications of high-mobility group A1 proteins: symmetric and asymmetric RT dimethylation of Arg25 in HMGA1a protein."; RL Biochemistry 44:6293-6301(2005). RN [14] RP METHYLATION AT ARG-58 AND ARG-60 BY PRMT6, AND MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-26; RP ARG-58 AND ARG-60. RX PubMed=16159886; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m502458200; RA Herrmann F., Lee J., Bedford M.T., Fackelmayer F.O.; RT "Dynamics of human protein arginine methyltransferase 1(PRMT1) in vivo."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 280:38005-38010(2005). RN [15] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36; SER-99; SER-102 AND RP SER-103, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma; RX PubMed=17081983; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026; RA Olsen J.V., Blagoev B., Gnad F., Macek B., Kumar C., Mortensen P., Mann M.; RT "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling RT networks."; RL Cell 127:635-648(2006). RN [16] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36 AND THR-53, RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-42 (ISOFORM HMG-Y), AND RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma; RX PubMed=17924679; DOI=10.1021/pr070152u; RA Yu L.R., Zhu Z., Chan K.C., Issaq H.J., Dimitrov D.S., Veenstra T.D.; RT "Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells RT and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of RT MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra."; RL J. Proteome Res. 6:4150-4162(2007). RN [17] RP PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-36; THR-53 AND THR-78 BY HIPK2 AND CDK1/CDC2 RP (ISOFORM HMG-I), AND PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-42 AND THR-67 BY HIPK2 AND RP CDK1/CDC2 (ISOFORM HMG-Y). RX PubMed=17960875; DOI=10.1021/pr700571d; RA Zhang Q., Wang Y.; RT "Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) phosphorylates HMGA1a at RT Ser-35, Thr-52, and Thr-77 and modulates its DNA binding affinity."; RL J. Proteome Res. 6:4711-4719(2007). RN [18] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103, AND RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Embryonic kidney; RX PubMed=17525332; DOI=10.1126/science.1140321; RA Matsuoka S., Ballif B.A., Smogorzewska A., McDonald E.R. III, Hurov K.E., RA Luo J., Bakalarski C.E., Zhao Z., Solimini N., Lerenthal Y., Shiloh Y., RA Gygi S.P., Elledge S.J.; RT "ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks RT responsive to DNA damage."; RL Science 316:1160-1166(2007). RN [19] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=T-cell; RX PubMed=19367720; DOI=10.1021/pr800500r; RA Carrascal M., Ovelleiro D., Casas V., Gay M., Abian J.; RT "Phosphorylation analysis of primary human T lymphocytes using sequential RT IMAC and titanium oxide enrichment."; RL J. Proteome Res. 7:5167-5176(2008). RN [20] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36; THR-39; SER-44; SER-49 RP AND THR-53, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma; RX PubMed=18669648; DOI=10.1073/pnas.0805139105; RA Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., RA Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P.; RT "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008). RN [21] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=18318008; DOI=10.1002/pmic.200700884; RA Han G., Ye M., Zhou H., Jiang X., Feng S., Jiang X., Tian R., Wan D., RA Zou H., Gu J.; RT "Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment RT and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange RT chromatography."; RL Proteomics 8:1346-1361(2008). RN [22] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=19413330; DOI=10.1021/ac9004309; RA Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., Mohammed S.; RT "Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a RT refined SCX-based approach."; RL Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009). RN [23] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103, AND RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Leukemic T-cell; RX PubMed=19690332; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2000007; RA Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., RA Rodionov V., Han D.K.; RT "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling RT reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."; RL Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009). RN [24] RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-15, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS RP SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=19608861; DOI=10.1126/science.1175371; RA Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.C., RA Olsen J.V., Mann M.; RT "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major RT cellular functions."; RL Science 325:834-840(2009). RN [25] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36; THR-53; SER-99; SER-102 RP AND SER-103, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE RP ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma; RX PubMed=20068231; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2000475; RA Olsen J.V., Vermeulen M., Santamaria A., Kumar C., Miller M.L., RA Jensen L.J., Gnad F., Cox J., Jensen T.S., Nigg E.A., Brunak S., Mann M.; RT "Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation RT site occupancy during mitosis."; RL Sci. Signal. 3:RA3-RA3(2010). RN [26] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17; RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., RA Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.; RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome."; RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011). RN [27] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36; THR-53; SER-99 AND RP SER-102, PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT THR-42 (ISOFORM HMG-Y), RP AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=21406692; DOI=10.1126/scisignal.2001570; RA Rigbolt K.T., Prokhorova T.A., Akimov V., Henningsen J., Johansen P.T., RA Kratchmarova I., Kassem M., Mann M., Olsen J.V., Blagoev B.; RT "System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome RT of human embryonic stem cell differentiation."; RL Sci. Signal. 4:RS3-RS3(2011). RN [28] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=22814378; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1210303109; RA Van Damme P., Lasa M., Polevoda B., Gazquez C., Elosegui-Artola A., RA Kim D.S., De Juan-Pardo E., Demeyer K., Hole K., Larrea E., Timmerman E., RA Prieto J., Arnesen T., Sherman F., Gevaert K., Aldabe R.; RT "N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal RT acetyltransferase NatB."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:12449-12454(2012). RN [29] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-9; SER-36; SER-44; THR-53; RP SER-99; SER-102 AND SER-103, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE RP SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Cervix carcinoma, and Erythroleukemia; RX PubMed=23186163; DOI=10.1021/pr300630k; RA Zhou H., Di Palma S., Preisinger C., Peng M., Polat A.N., Heck A.J., RA Mohammed S.; RT "Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell RT phosphoproteome."; RL J. Proteome Res. 12:260-271(2013). RN [30] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-36; THR-39; SER-44 AND RP SER-49, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=24275569; DOI=10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014; RA Bian Y., Song C., Cheng K., Dong M., Wang F., Huang J., Sun D., Wang L., RA Ye M., Zou H.; RT "An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver RT phosphoproteome."; RL J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014). RN [31] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=25944712; DOI=10.1002/pmic.201400617; RA Vaca Jacome A.S., Rabilloud T., Schaeffer-Reiss C., Rompais M., Ayoub D., RA Lane L., Bairoch A., Van Dorsselaer A., Carapito C.; RT "N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome."; RL Proteomics 15:2519-2524(2015). RN [32] RP ADP-RIBOSYLATION AT SER-8 AND SER-9. RX PubMed=28190768; DOI=10.1016/j.molcel.2017.01.003; RA Bonfiglio J.J., Fontana P., Zhang Q., Colby T., Gibbs-Seymour I., RA Atanassov I., Bartlett E., Zaja R., Ahel I., Matic I.; RT "Serine ADP-ribosylation depends on HPF1."; RL Mol. Cell 0:0-0(2017). RN [33] RP SUMOYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-15, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS RP SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=28112733; DOI=10.1038/nsmb.3366; RA Hendriks I.A., Lyon D., Young C., Jensen L.J., Vertegaal A.C., RA Nielsen M.L.; RT "Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification RT with phosphorylation."; RL Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 24:325-336(2017). RN [34] RP STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 51-75 AND 80-89. RX PubMed=9253416; DOI=10.1038/nsb0897-657; RA Huth J.R., Bewley C.A., Nissen M.S., Evans J.N., Reeves R., RA Gronenborn A.M., Clore G.M.; RT "The solution structure of an HMG-I(Y)-DNA complex defines a new RT architectural minor groove binding motif."; RL Nat. Struct. Biol. 4:657-665(1997). CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3; CC Name=HMG-I; Synonyms=HMGA1a; CC IsoId=P17096-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=HMG-Y; Synonyms=HMGA1b; CC IsoId=P17096-2; Sequence=VSP_002182; CC Name=HMG-R; Synonyms=HMGA1c; CC IsoId=P17096-3; Sequence=VSP_018084; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR CCDS; CCDS4788.1; -. DR RefSeq; NP_001306006.1; NM_001319077.1. DR RefSeq; NP_002122.1; NM_002131.3. DR RefSeq; NP_665909.1; NM_145902.2. DR RefSeq; NP_665910.1; NM_145903.2. DR RefSeq; NP_665912.1; NM_145905.2. DR ProteomicsDB; 53454; -. DR TopDownProteomics; P17096-2; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000347617.10; ENSP00000288245.9; ENSG00000137309.21. DR Ensembl; ENST00000374116.3; ENSP00000363230.3; ENSG00000137309.21. DR Ensembl; ENST00000401473.7; ENSP00000385693.2; ENSG00000137309.21. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 6. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; FT MOD_RES 42 FT /note="Phosphothreonine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17960875, FT ECO:0007744|PubMed:17924679, ECO:0007744|PubMed:21406692" FT MOD_RES 67 FT /note="Phosphothreonine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:17960875" SQ SEQUENCE 96 AA; 10679 MW; B82DCAA29E6D18FD CRC64; MSESSSKSSQ PLASKQEKDG TEKRGRGRPR KQPPKEPSEV PTPKRPRGRP KGSKNKGAAK TRKTTTTPGR KPRGRPKKLE KEEEEGISQE SSEEEQ //