P15864H12_MOUSEHistone H1.2H1 VAR.1H1cH1-2H1f2Hist1h1cMus musculusMouseEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresGliresRodentiaMyomorphaMuroideaMuridaeMurinaeMusMusDifferent 3'-end processing produces two independently regulated mRNAs from a single H1 histone gene.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]Isolation and characterization of a mouse fully replication-dependent H1 gene within a genomic cluster of core histone genes.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]Expression of murine H1 histone genes during postnatal development.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]The human and mouse replication-dependent histone genes.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]In vivo phosphorylation of histone H1 variants during the cell cycle.PHOSPHORYLATIONH1 linker histones are essential for mouse development and affect nucleosome spacing in vivo.DISRUPTION PHENOTYPEFUNCTIONHistone H1 depletion in mammals alters global chromatin structure but causes specific changes in gene regulation.DISRUPTION PHENOTYPEFUNCTIONIdentification of 67 histone marks and histone lysine crotonylation as a new type of histone modification.CROTONYLATION AT LYS-34; LYS-64; LYS-85; LYS-159 AND LYS-168SIRT5-mediated lysine desuccinylation impacts diverse metabolic pathways.ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-2 AND LYS-17SUCCINYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-97CLEAVAGE OF INITIATOR METHIONINE [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]Citrullination regulates pluripotency and histone H1 binding to chromatin.CITRULLINATION AT ARG-54MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-54Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is a widely distributed active histone mark.HYDROXYBUTYRYLATION AT LYS-23; LYS-26; LYS-27; LYS-46; LYS-52; LYS-63; LYS-64; LYS-75; LYS-81; LYS-85; LYS-90; LYS-97; LYS-110; LYS-117; LYS-121; LYS-129; LYS-136; LYS-148; LYS-159; LYS-168 AND LYS-212Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. Acts also as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation (By similarity).Interacts with TSC22D1 isoform 2.P15864Q99MD9false3NucleusChromosomeMainly localizes in euchromatin.The C-terminal domain is required for high-affinity binding to chromatin.H1 histones are progressively phosphorylated during the cell cycle, becoming maximally phosphorylated during late G2 phase and M phase, and being dephosphorylated sharply thereafter.Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.ADP-ribosylated on Ser-187 in response to DNA damage.Citrullination at Arg-54 (H1R54ci) by PADI4 takes place within the DNA-binding site of H1 and results in its displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance.Hydroxybutyrylation of histones is induced by starvation.No visible phenotype. Triple-deficient mice (H1-2, H1-3 and H1-4) die by midgestation with a broad range of defects. These embryos have about 50% of the normal ratio of H1 to nucleosomes, demonstrating that critical levels of total H1 histones are essential for mouse embryogenesis.Belongs to the histone H1/H5 family.AcetylationADP-ribosylationChromosomeCitrullinationDNA-bindingHydroxylationMethylationNucleusPhosphoproteinReference proteomeRARKMSEAAPAAPAAAPPAEKAPAKKKAAKKPAGVRRKASGPPVSELITKAVAASKERSGVSLAALKKALAAAGYDVEKNNSRIKLGLKSLVSKGILVQTKGTGASGSFKLNKKAASGEAKPQAKKAGAAKAKKPAGAAKKPKKATGAATPKKAAKKTPKKAKKPAAAAVTKKVAKSPKKAKVTKPKKVKSASKAVKPKAAKPKVAKAKKVAAKKK
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