P15834 (VIF_HV2D2) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Virion infectivity factor
Short name=Vif

Alternative name(s):
Q protein
SOR protein

Gene names

Name:

vif

Organism

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B (isolate D205) (HIV-2)

Taxonomic identifier

11716 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Viruses › Retro-transcribing viruses › Retroviridae › Orthoretrovirinae › Lentivirus › Primate lentivirus group › Human immunodeficiency virus 2 › HIV-2 subtype B › HIV-2.D205

Virus host

Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]

Protein attributes

Sequence length	216 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Counteracts the innate antiviral activity of APOBEC3G. Forms a complex with host APOBEC3G thus preventing the entry of this lethally hypermutating enzyme into progeny virions. Functions as an adapter molecule, recruiting APOBEC3G to the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery. Targets APOBEC3G for degradation through the assembly with elongin BC complex, CUL5 and RBX1. Binds viral RNA and affects the stability of viral nucleoprotein core. May play a role in viral morphology By similarity.
Subunit structure	Homomultimer; in vitro and presumably in vivo. Interacts with viral Pr55Gag precursor and human APOBEC3G. The interaction between Vif and APOBEC3G is species-specific, which may play a role in restricting the replication of HIV to humans. Forms an E3 ligase complex by interacting with human CUL5 and elongin BC complex (TCEB1 and TCEB2) By similarity.
Subcellular location	Host cytoplasm By similarity. Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Virion By similarity. Note: In the cytoplasm, seems to colocalize with intermediate filament vimentin. A fraction is associated with the cytoplasmic side of cellular membranes, presumably via the interaction with Pr55Gag precursor By similarity.
Induction	Expressed late during infection in a Rev-dependent manner.
Domain	The BC-like-box motif mediates the interaction with elongin BC complex By similarity. The HCCH motif (H-x(5)-C-x(18)-C-x(5)-H) mediates the interaction with CUL5 By similarity.
Post-translational modification	Processed in virion by the viral protease By similarity. Highly phosphorylated on serines and threonines residues By similarity. Polyubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome in the presence of APOBEC3G By similarity.
Miscellaneous	Required for replication in 'nonpermissive' cells, including primary T-cells, macrophages and certain T-cell lines, but is dispensable for replication in 'permissive' cell lines, such as 293T cells. In nonpermissive cells, Vif-defective viruses can produce virions, but they fail to complete reverse transcription and cannot successfully infect new cells. Vif-defective viruses show catastrophic failure in reverse transcription due to APOBEC-induced mutations that initiate a DNA base repair pathway and compromise the structural integrity of the ssDNA. In the absence of Vif, the virion is morphologically abnormal.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the primate lentivirus group Vif protein family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Host-virus interaction Ubl conjugation pathway
Cellular component	Host cell membrane Host cytoplasm Host membrane Membrane Virion
Disease	AIDS
PTM	Phosphoprotein Ubl conjugation
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	viral infectious cycle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro virus-host interaction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	host cell cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell host cell plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW virion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 216	216	Virion infectivity factor		PRO_0000085319
Regions
	Region	154 – 167	14	Multimerization By similarity
	Motif	110 – 141	32	HCCH motif By similarity
	Motif	147 – 156	10	BC-box-like motif By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	98	1	Phosphothreonine; by host MAP4K1 By similarity
	Modified residue	147	1	Phosphoserine; by host By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P15834 [UniParc]. Last modified April 1, 1990. Version 1. Checksum: AA4624F121CB6BE6	FASTA	216	25,165
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MEEEKDWIVV PTWRIPGRLE RWHSLIKYLK YRTGELQQVS YVPHHKVGWA WWTCSRIIFP 70 80 90 100 110 120 LNKGAWLEVQ GYWNLTPERG FLSSYAVRLT WYERNFYTDV TPDVADQLLH GSYFSCFSAN 130 140 150 160 170 180 EVRRAIRGEK ILSYCNYPSA HEGQVPSLQF LALRVVQEGK NGSQGESATR KQRRRNSRRS 190 200 210 IRLARKNNNR AQQGSGQPFA PRTYFPGLAE VLGILA

References

[1]	"A highly divergent HIV-2-related isolate." Dietrich U., Adamski M., Kreutz R., Seipp A., Kuehnel H., Ruebsamen-Waigmann H. Nature 342:948-950(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	X61240 Genomic DNA. No translation available.
PIR	S08437.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR000475. Viral_infect. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00559. Vif. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00349. VIRIONINFFCT.
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

VIF_HV2D2

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P15834

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 1, 1990
Last sequence update:	April 1, 1990
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 67 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Viral Protein Annotation Program