P15515 (HIS1_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Histatin-1

Alternative name(s):
Histidine-rich protein 1
Post-PB protein
Short name=PPB

Cleaved into the following chain:

1. His1-(31-57)-peptide
   Short name=His1 31/57
   Alternative name(s):
   His1-(12-38)-peptide
   Short name=His1 12/38
   Histatin-2

Gene names

Name:	HTN1
Synonyms:	HIS1

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	57 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Histatins are salivary proteins that are considered to be major precursors of the protective proteinaceous structure on tooth surfaces (enamel pellicle). In addition, histatins exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Submandibular and parotid glands. Ref.8
Post-translational modification	Depending on the authors, the form called histatin-2 is alternatively a proteolytic product, or the non-phosphorylated form of histatin-1. Ref.4 Ref.8
Miscellaneous	The recommended nomenclature of salivary peptides follows published guidelines (Ref.9). In agreement with the authors, it has been decided to indicate the boundaries of the peptides according to the positions within the precursor, and not in the mature protein, as has formerly been proposed.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the histatin/statherin family.
Mass spectrometry	Molecular mass is 4848.2±0.5 Da from positions 20 - 50. Determined by ESI. Not post-translationally modified. Ref.8 Molecular mass is 4928.2±0.5 Da from positions 20 - 50. Determined by ESI. with 1 phosphate group. Ref.8 Molecular mass is 5008.6±0.5 Da from positions 20 - 50. Determined by ESI. with 1 phosphate group and 1 sulfate group. Ref.8 Molecular mass is 5088.4±0.5 Da from positions 20 - 50. Determined by ESI. with 1 phosphate group and 2 sulfate groups. Ref.8 Molecular mass is 5168.2±0.5 Da from positions 20 - 50. Determined by ESI. with 1 phosphate group and 3 sulfate groups. Ref.8 Molecular mass is 5247.7±0.5 Da from positions 20 - 50. Determined by ESI. with 1 phosphate group and 4 sulfate groups. Ref.8

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Biomineralization
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Antibiotic Antimicrobial Fungicide
PTM	Phosphoprotein Sulfation
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	biomineral tissue development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW defense response to bacterium Non-traceable author statement Ref.4Ref.2. Source: UniProtKB defense response to fungus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW killing of cells of other organism Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	extracellular region Non-traceable author statement Ref.4Ref.2. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
MUC7	Q8TAX7	2	EBI-738638,EBI-738582

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 19	19	Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.6
	Peptide	20 – 57	38	Histatin-1 Ref.4 Ref.5 Ref.6		PRO_0000021416
	Peptide	31 – 57	27	His1-(31-57)-peptide		PRO_0000021417
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	21	1	Phosphoserine Ref.4 Ref.5
	Modified residue	46	1	Sulfotyrosine; in submandibular gland form Ref.8
	Modified residue	49	1	Sulfotyrosine; in submandibular gland form Ref.8
	Modified residue	53	1	Sulfotyrosine; in submandibular gland form Ref.8
	Modified residue	55	1	Sulfotyrosine; in submandibular gland form Ref.8

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P15515 [UniParc]. Last modified February 1, 1991. Version 2. Checksum: F3532BD1DCE23D83	FASTA	57	6,963
	10 20 30 40 50 MKFFVFALVL ALMISMISAD SHEKRHHGYR RKFHEKHHSH REFPFYGDYG SNYLYDN

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Histatins, a family of salivary histidine-rich proteins, are encoded by at least two loci (HIS1 and HIS2)." Sabatini L.M., Azen E.A. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 160:495-502(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"Nucleotide sequence analysis of the human salivary protein genes HIS1 and HIS2, and evolution of the STATH/HIS gene family." Chen Z.W. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:497-511(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Skeletal muscle.
[4]	"Histatins, a novel family of histidine-rich proteins in human parotid secretion. Isolation, characterization, primary structure, and fungistatic effects on Candida albicans." Oppenheim F.G., Xu T., McMillian F.M., Levitz S.M., Diamond R.D., Offner G.D., Troxler R.F. J. Biol. Chem. 263:7472-7477(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 20-57, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-21. Tissue: Parotid gland.
[5]	"The primary structure and functional characterization of the neutral histidine-rich polypeptide from human parotid secretion." Oppenheim F.G., Yang Y.C., Diamond R.D., Hyslop D., Offner G.D., Troxler R.F. J. Biol. Chem. 261:1177-1182(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 20-57. Tissue: Parotid gland.
[6]	"Rapid purification and characterization of histatins (histidine-rich polypeptides) from human whole saliva." Sugiyama K., Ogino T., Ogata K. Arch. Oral Biol. 35:415-419(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 20-57. Tissue: Saliva.
[7]	"Localization of the genes for histatins to human chromosome 4q13 and tissue distribution of the mRNAs." Vanderspek J.C., Wyandt H.E., Skare J.C., Milunsky A., Oppenheim F.G., Troxler R.F. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 45:381-387(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 14-57.
[8]	"Tyrosine polysulfation of human salivary histatin 1. A post-translational modification specific of the submandibular gland." Cabras T., Fanali C., Monteiro J.A., Amado F., Inzitari R., Desiderio C., Scarano E., Giardina B., Castagnola M., Messana I. J. Proteome Res. 6:2472-2480(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION, SULFATION AT TYR-46; TYR-49; TYR-53 AND TYR-55, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[9]	"Salivary peptidomics." Amado F., Lobo M.J., Domingues P., Duarte J.A., Vitorino R. Expert Rev. Proteomics 7:709-721(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PEPTIDE NOMENCLATURE.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M26664 mRNA. Translation: AAA58645.1. L04132 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA02745.1. BC017835 mRNA. Translation: AAH17835.1.
IPI	IPI00012024.
PIR	A32541. I57425.
RefSeq	NP_002150.1. NM_002159.2.
UniGene	Hs.250959.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P15515.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
IntAct	P15515. 1 interaction.
STRING	9606.ENSP00000246896.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P15515.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P15515.
PeptideAtlas	P15515.
PRIDE	P15515.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000246896; ENSP00000246896; ENSG00000126550. ENST00000511674; ENSP00000424501; ENSG00000126550.
GeneID	3346.
KEGG	hsa:3346.
UCSC	uc003hex.3. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	3346.
GeneCards	GC04P070916.
HGNC	HGNC:5283. HTN1.
MIM	142701. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P15515.
PharmGKB	PA29546.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG249966.
HOGENOM	HOG000112905.
HOVERGEN	HBG005970.
InParanoid	P15515.
KO	K13913.
OMA	DYGSNYL.
OrthoDB	EOG4W3SPR.
Gene expression databases
Bgee	P15515.
CleanEx	HS_HTN1.
Genevestigator	P15515.
GermOnline	ENSG00000126550. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
ChiTaRS	HTN1. human.
GenomeRNAi	3346.
NextBio	13236.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

HIS1_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P15515

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 1, 1990
Last sequence update:	February 1, 1991
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 108 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.