P14996 (VP1_POVBA) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names	Recommended name: Major capsid protein VP1 Alternative name(s): Major structural protein VP1
Organism	BK polyomavirus (strain AS) (BKPyV) [Complete proteome]
Taxonomic identifier	10631 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineage	Viruses › dsDNA viruses, no RNA stage › Polyomaviridae › Polyomavirus › BK polyomavirus
Virus host	Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]

Protein attributes

Sequence length	362 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Inferred from homology

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Forms an icosahedral capsid with a T=7 symmetry and a 50 nm diameter. The capsid is composed of 72 pentamers linked to each other by disulfide bonds and associated with VP2 or VP3 proteins. Interacts with gangliosides GT1b and GD1b containing terminal alpha(2-8)-linked sialic acids on the cell surface to provide virion attachment to target cell. This attachment induces virion internalization predominantly through caveolin-mediated endocytosis and traffics to the endoplasmic reticulum. Inside the endoplasmic reticulum, the protein folding machinery isomerizes VP1 interpentamer disulfide bonds, thereby triggering initial uncoating. Next, the virion uses the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation machinery to probably translocate in the cytosol before reaching the nucleus. Nuclear entry of the viral DNA involves the selective exposure and importin recognition of VP2/Vp3 nuclear localization signal. In late phase of infection, neo-synthesized VP1 encapsulates replicated genomic DNA in the nucleus, and participates in rearranging nucleosomes around the viral DNA By similarity.
Subunit structure	Homomultimer; disulfide-linked. The virus capsid is composed of 72 icosahedral units, each one composed of five disulfide-linked copies of VP1. Interacts with minor capsid proteins VP2 and VP3 By similarity.
Subcellular location	Virion. Host nucleus By similarity.
Domain	The N-terminal region contains a nuclear signal but the presence of VP2 and VP3 proteins is required for efficient nuclear transport By similarity. The intrinsically disordered C-terminal region interacts with neighboring pentamers. The unstructured nature of this region allows to make different interactions depending on the stuctural context: pentamers present at the 12 icosahedral fivefold axes bind five pentamers, when pentamers present at the 60 icosahedral six-fold axes interacts with six pentamers By similarity.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the polyomaviruses coat protein VP1 family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Caveolin-mediated endocytosis of virus by host Host-virus interaction Viral attachment to host cell Viral penetration into host cytoplasm Virus endocytosis by host Virus entry into host cell
Cellular component	Host nucleus Virion
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative initiation Alternative splicing
Developmental stage	Late protein
Molecular function	Capsid protein T=7 icosahedral capsid protein
PTM	Disulfide bond Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	viral attachment to host cell Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW viral entry into host cell via caveolae-mediated endocytosis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	T=7 icosahedral viral capsid Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW host cell nucleus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular_function	structural molecule activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Alternative products

This entry describes 5 isoforms produced by alternative splicing and alternative initiation. [Align] [Select]

Isoform VP1 (identifier: P14996-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Note: Produced by alternative splicing of the late mRNA.

Isoform VP2 (identifier: P14997-1)

Also known as: Minor capsid protein VP2;

The sequence of this isoform can be found in the external entry P14997.
Isoforms of the same protein are often annotated in two different entries if their sequences differ significantly.

Note: Produced by alternative splicing of the late mRNA.

Isoform VP3 (identifier: P14997-2)

Also known as: Minor capsid protein VP3;

The sequence of this isoform can be found in the external entry P14997.
Isoforms of the same protein are often annotated in two different entries if their sequences differ significantly.

Note: Produced by alternative initiation at Met-120 of isoform VP2.

Isoform VP4 (identifier: P14997-3)

Also known as: Viroporin VP4;

The sequence of this isoform can be found in the external entry P14997.
Isoforms of the same protein are often annotated in two different entries if their sequences differ significantly.

Note: Produced by alternative initiation at Met-229 of isoform VP2.

Isoform Agno (identifier: P14998-1)

The sequence of this isoform can be found in the external entry P14998.
Isoforms of the same protein are often annotated in two different entries if their sequences differ significantly.

Note: Produced by alternative initiation of the late mRNA.

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 362	362	Major capsid protein VP1		PRO_0000115017
Regions
	Region	302 – 362	61	Intrinsically disordered By similarity
	Motif	2 – 17	16	Bipartite nuclear localization signal By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	338	1	Phosphothreonine; by host By similarity
	Disulfide bond	10		Interchain (with C-10) By similarity
	Disulfide bond	105		Interchain (with C-105) By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	Isoform VP1 [UniParc]. Last modified April 1, 1990. Version 1. Checksum: 5BDCEC52F247F238	FASTA	362	40,113
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MAPTKRKGEC PGAAPKKPKE PVQVPKLLIK GGVEVLEVKT GVDAITEVEC FLNPEMGDPD 70 80 90 100 110 120 DNLRGYSQHL SAENAFESDS PDRKMLPCYS TARIPLPNLN EDLTCGNLLM WEAVTVKTEV 130 140 150 160 170 180 IGITSMLNLH AGSQKVHENG GGKPVQGSNF HFFAVGGDPL EMQGVLMNYR TKYPQGTITP 190 200 210 220 230 240 KNPTAQSQVM NTDHKAYLDK NNAYPVECWI PDPSRNENTR YFGTYTGGEN VPPVLHVTNT 250 260 270 280 290 300 ATTVLLDEQG VGPLCKADSL YVSAADICGL FTNSSGTQQW RGLARYFKIR LRKRSVKNPY 310 320 330 340 350 360 PISFLLSDLI NRRTQKVDGQ PMYGMESQVE EVRVFDGTEQ LPGDPDMIRY IDRQGQLQTK MV
	Isoform VP2 (Minor capsid protein VP2) [UniParc]. See P14997.		–	–
	Isoform VP3 (Minor capsid protein VP3) [UniParc]. See P14997.		–	–
	Isoform VP4 (Viroporin VP4) [UniParc]. See P14997.		–	–
	Isoform Agno [UniParc]. See P14998.		–	–

References

[1]	"Nucleotide sequence of the human polyomavirus AS virus, an antigenic variant of BK virus." Tavis J.E., Walker D.L., Gardner S.D., Frisque R.J. J. Virol. 63:901-911(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[2]	"The Polyomaviridae: Contributions of virus structure to our understanding of virus receptors and infectious entry." Neu U., Stehle T., Atwood W.J. Virology 384:389-399(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M23122 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA46882.1.
PIR	VVVP1S. D33278.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P14996.
SMR	P14996. Positions 15-361.
ModBase	Search...
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	2.60.175.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR000662. Capsid_VP1_Polyomavir. IPR011222. dsDNA_vir_gr_I_capsid. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00718. Polyoma_coat. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF003376. Capsid_VP1_Polyomavir. 1 hit.
SUPFAM	SSF88648. dsDNA_vir_gr_I_capsid. 1 hit.
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

VP1_POVBA

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P14996

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	April 1, 1990
Last sequence update:	April 1, 1990
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 64 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Viral Protein Annotation Program