Virulence transcriptional regulatory protein PhoP - Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720)

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P14146 (PHOP_SALTY) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Last modified May 1, 2013. Version 110. History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity |

Documents (1) |

Third-party data

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Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·Documents Customize order

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Virulence transcriptional regulatory protein PhoP

Gene names

Name:	phoP
Ordered Locus Names:	STM1231

Organism

Salmonella typhimurium (strain LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720) [Reference proteome] [HAMAP]

Taxonomic identifier

99287 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Bacteria › Proteobacteria › Gammaproteobacteria › Enterobacteriales › Enterobacteriaceae › Salmonella ›

Protein attributes

Sequence length	224 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Member of the two-component regulatory system PhoQ/PhoP which regulates the expression of genes involved in virulence and resistance to host defense antimicrobial peptides. Promotes intramacrophage survival of S.typhimurium. Is essential for transcription of spiC inside macrophages by controlling the expression of the two-component regulatory system ssrB/spiR at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels respectively. Promotes expression of the two-component regulatory system pmrA/pmrB via activation of pmrD gene. Is required to attenuate bacterial growth within fibroblast cells and to enhance bacterial resistance to bile in intestinal cells. Also, negatively regulates prgH, which is required for invasion of epithelial cells. PhoP uses multiple mechanisms to promote transcription and activates promoters for PhoP-activated genes (PAG) at low (micromolar range) Mg²⁺ concentrations. Ref.5 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.13
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm Probable.
Induction	PhoQ/phoP operon is positively autoregulated by both PhoP and PhoQ in a Mg²⁺-dependent manner. Repressed by RcsB via sigma factor RpoS. Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.10 Ref.12
Post-translational modification	Phosphorylated by PhoQ Probable.
Miscellaneous	PhoQ/PhoP-signaling cascade, which activated virulence membrane proteins (PagC, PagO, PagD, PagK, PgtE and PhoN), is induced by cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMP) (polymyxin, alpha-helical peptide C18G and sheet peptide protegrin-1) at sublethal concentrations.
Sequence similarities	Contains 1 response regulatory domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Growth regulation Transcription Transcription regulation Two-component regulatory system Virulence
Cellular component	Cytoplasm
Ligand	DNA-binding
Molecular function	Activator Repressor
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	intracellular signal transduction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: GOC pathogenesis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW regulation of growth Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW transcription, DNA-dependent Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular_function	DNA binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW phosphorelay response regulator activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Chain

1 – 224

224

Virulence transcriptional regulatory protein PhoP

PRO_0000081201

Regions

Domain

1 – 117

117

Response regulatory

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue

4-aspartylphosphate By similarity

Experimental info

Mutagenesis

D → A: Expression at concentrations above 30 micromolar retains a protein-protein interaction and PhoQ-independent induction of PAG. Yields insoluble purified protein above 7 micromolar. Ref.11

Sequences

Sequence

Length

Mass (Da)

Tools

P14146 [UniParc].

Last modified January 1, 1990. Version 1.
Checksum: 3A90B2FDC328C7B2
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FASTA

224

25,633

        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MMRVLVVEDN ALLRHHLKVQ LQDSGHQVDA AEDAREADYY LNEHLPDIAI VDLGLPDEDG 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
LSLIRRWRSS DVSLPVLVLT AREGWQDKVE VLSSGADDYV TKPFHIEEVM ARMQALMRRN 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
SGLASQVINI PPFQVDLSRR ELSVNEEVIK LTAFEYTIME TLIRNNGKVV SKDSLMLQLY 

       190        200        210        220 
PDAELRESHT IDVLMGRLRK KIQAQYPHDV ITTVRGQGYL FELR

« Hide

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"A two-component regulatory system (phoP phoQ) controls Salmonella typhimurium virulence." Miller S.I., Kukral A.M., Mekalanos J.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:5054-5058(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: ATCC 14028 / SGSG 2980 / CDC 6516-60 / NCTC 12023.
[2]	"Salmonella typhimurium phoP virulence gene is a transcriptional regulator." Groisman E.A., Chiao E., Lipps C.J., Heffron F. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:7077-7081(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium response involved in attenuation of pathogen intracellular proliferation." Cano D.A., Martinez-Moya M., Pucciarelli M.G., Groisman E.A., Casadesus J., Garcia-del Portillo F. Infect. Immun. 69:6463-6474(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: SL1344.
[4]	"Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2." McClelland M., Sanderson K.E., Spieth J., Clifton S.W., Latreille P., Courtney L., Porwollik S., Ali J., Dante M., Du F., Hou S., Layman D., Leonard S., Nguyen C., Scott K., Holmes A., Grewal N., Mulvaney E. Wilson R.K. Nature 413:852-856(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. Strain: LT2 / SGSC1412 / ATCC 700720.
[5]	"A PhoP-repressed gene promotes Salmonella typhimurium invasion of epithelial cells." Behlau I., Miller S.I. J. Bacteriol. 175:4475-4484(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. Strain: ATCC 14028s / SGSG 2262.
[6]	"Transcriptional autoregulation of the Salmonella typhimurium phoPQ operon." Soncini F.C., Garcia Vescovi E., Groisman E.A. J. Bacteriol. 177:4364-4371(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: AUTOREGULATION. Strain: ATCC 14028s / SGSG 2262.
[7]	"Mg2+ as an extracellular signal: environmental regulation of Salmonella virulence." Garcia Vescovi E., Soncini F.C., Groisman E.A. Cell 84:165-174(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REGULATION BY MG(2+). Strain: ATCC 14028s / SGSG 2262.
[8]	"PhoP-PhoQ-regulated loci are required for enhanced bile resistance in Salmonella spp." van Velkinburgh J.C., Gunn J.S. Infect. Immun. 67:1614-1622(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. Strain: ATCC 14028s / SGSG 2262.
[9]	"A small protein that mediates the activation of a two-component system by another two-component system." Kox L.F.F., Woesten M.M.S.M., Groisman E.A. EMBO J. 19:1861-1872(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. Strain: ATCC 14028s / SGSG 2262.
[10]	"Regulation of Salmonella typhimurium virulence gene expression by cationic antimicrobial peptides." Bader M.W., Navarre W.W., Shiau W., Nikaido H., Frye J.G., McClelland M., Fang F.C., Miller S.I. Mol. Microbiol. 50:219-230(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, REGULATION BY CATIONIC ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES (CAMP). Strain: ATCC 14028s / SGSG 2262.
[11]	"PhoP can activate its target genes in a PhoQ-independent manner." Lejona S., Castelli M.E., Cabeza M.L., Kenney L.J., Garcia Vescovi E., Soncini F.C. J. Bacteriol. 186:2476-2480(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: EFFECT OF PHOP OVEREXPRESSION, MUTAGENESIS OF ASP-52. Strain: ATCC 14028 / SGSG 2980 / CDC 6516-60 / NCTC 12023.
[12]	"The Salmonella membrane protein IgaA modulates the activity of the RcsC-YojN-RcsB and PhoP-PhoQ regulons." Tierrez A., Garcia-del Portillo F. J. Bacteriol. 186:7481-7489(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: REGULATION BY RCSB. Strain: SL1344.
[13]	"The PhoP/PhoQ system controls the intramacrophage type three secretion system of Salmonella enterica." Bijlsma J.J.E., Groisman E.A. Mol. Microbiol. 57:85-96(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION. Strain: ATCC 14028s / SGSG 2262.
[14]	"Dissecting the PhoP regulatory network of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica." Zwir I., Shin D., Kato A., Nishino K., Latifi T., Solomon F., Hare J.M., Huang H., Groisman E.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:2862-2867(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ANALYSIS OF PHOP REGULATORY NETWORK.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M24424 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA27188.1. M25241 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA27187.1. AJ272210 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB75591.1. AE006468 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAL20160.1.
PIR	RGEBFT. A32932.
RefSeq	NP_460201.1. NC_003197.1. YP_005181081.1. NC_016810.1.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P14146.
SMR	P14146. Positions 2-121.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	99287.STM1231.
Proteomic databases
PRIDE	P14146.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblBacteria	AAL20160; AAL20160; STM1231.
GeneID	11764646. 1252749.
KEGG	sey:SL1344_1169. stm:STM1231.
PATRIC	32380915. VBISalEnt20916_1302.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	HOG000034815.
KO	K07660.
OMA	ADYFLNE.
ProtClustDB	PRK10816.
Family and domain databases
Gene3D	1.10.10.10. 1 hit.
InterPro	IPR011006. CheY-like_superfamily. IPR001867. Sig_transdc_resp-reg_C. IPR001789. Sig_transdc_resp-reg_receiver. IPR011991. WHTH_DNA-bd_dom. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00072. Response_reg. 1 hit. PF00486. Trans_reg_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00448. REC. 1 hit. SM00862. Trans_reg_C. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF52172. CheY_like. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS50110. RESPONSE_REGULATORY. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

PHOP_SALTY

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P14146

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	January 1, 1990
Last sequence update:	January 1, 1990
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 110 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Prokaryotic Protein Annotation Program

Relevant documents

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·Documents

Preferred order of sections

Names and origin

Protein attributes

General annotation (Comments)

Ontologies

Sequence annotation (Features)

Molecule processing

Regions

Amino acid modifications

Experimental info

Sequences

References

Cross-references

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Protein-protein interaction databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

Entry information

Relevant documents