Dystrophin - Homo sapiens (Human)

Sequence

>sp|P11532|DMD_HUMAN Dystrophin OS=Homo sapiens GN=DMD PE=1 SV=2 MLWWEEVEDCYEREDVQKKTFTKWVNAQFSKFGKQHIENLFSDLQDGRRLLDLLEGLTGQ KLPKEKGSTRVHALNNVNKALRVLQNNNVDLVNIGSTDIVDGNHKLTLGLIWNIILHWQV KNVMKNIMAGLQQTNSEKILLSWVRQSTRNYPQVNVINFTTSWSDGLALNALIHSHRPDL FDWNSVVCQQSATQRLEHAFNIARYQLGIEKLLDPEDVDTTYPDKKSILMYITSLFQVLP QQVSIEAIQEVEMLPRPPKVTKEEHFQLHHQMHYSQQITVSLAQGYERTSSPKPRFKSYA YTQAAYVTTSDPTRSPFPSQHLEAPEDKSFGSSLMESEVNLDRYQTALEEVLSWLLSAED TLQAQGEISNDVEVVKDQFHTHEGYMMDLTAHQGRVGNILQLGSKLIGTGKLSEDEETEV QEQMNLLNSRWECLRVASMEKQSNLHRVLMDLQNQKLKELNDWLTKTEERTRKMEEEPLG PDLEDLKRQVQQHKVLQEDLEQEQVRVNSLTHMVVVVDESSGDHATAALEEQLKVLGDRW ANICRWTEDRWVLLQDILLKWQRLTEEQCLFSAWLSEKEDAVNKIHTTGFKDQNEMLSSL QKLAVLKADLEKKKQSMGKLYSLKQDLLSTLKNKSVTQKTEAWLDNFARCWDNLVQKLEK STAQISQAVTTTQPSLTQTTVMETVTTVTTREQILVKHAQEELPPPPPQKKRQITVDSEI RKRLDVDITELHSWITRSEAVLQSPEFAIFRKEGNFSDLKEKVNAIEREKAEKFRKLQDA SRSAQALVEQMVNEGVNADSIKQASEQLNSRWIEFCQLLSERLNWLEYQNNIIAFYNQLQ QLEQMTTTAENWLKIQPTTPSEPTAIKSQLKICKDEVNRLSGLQPQIERLKIQSIALKEK GQGPMFLDADFVAFTNHFKQVFSDVQAREKELQTIFDTLPPMRYQETMSAIRTWVQQSET KLSIPQLSVTDYEIMEQRLGELQALQSSLQEQQSGLYYLSTTVKEMSKKAPSEISRKYQS EFEEIEGRWKKLSSQLVEHCQKLEEQMNKLRKIQNHIQTLKKWMAEVDVFLKEEWPALGD SEILKKQLKQCRLLVSDIQTIQPSLNSVNEGGQKIKNEAEPEFASRLETELKELNTQWDH MCQQVYARKEALKGGLEKTVSLQKDLSEMHEWMTQAEEEYLERDFEYKTPDELQKAVEEM KRAKEEAQQKEAKVKLLTESVNSVIAQAPPVAQEALKKELETLTTNYQWLCTRLNGKCKT LEEVWACWHELLSYLEKANKWLNEVEFKLKTTENIPGGAEEISEVLDSLENLMRHSEDNP NQIRILAQTLTDGGVMDELINEELETFNSRWRELHEEAVRRQKLLEQSIQSAQETEKSLH LIQESLTFIDKQLAAYIADKVDAAQMPQEAQKIQSDLTSHEISLEEMKKHNQGKEAAQRV LSQIDVAQKKLQDVSMKFRLFQKPANFEQRLQESKMILDEVKMHLPALETKSVEQEVVQS QLNHCVNLYKSLSEVKSEVEMVIKTGRQIVQKKQTENPKELDERVTALKLHYNELGAKVT ERKQQLEKCLKLSRKMRKEMNVLTEWLAATDMELTKRSAVEGMPSNLDSEVAWGKATQKE IEKQKVHLKSITEVGEALKTVLGKKETLVEDKLSLLNSNWIAVTSRAEEWLNLLLEYQKH METFDQNVDHITKWIIQADTLLDESEKKKPQQKEDVLKRLKAELNDIRPKVDSTRDQAAN LMANRGDHCRKLVEPQISELNHRFAAISHRIKTGKASIPLKELEQFNSDIQKLLEPLEAE IQQGVNLKEEDFNKDMNEDNEGTVKELLQRGDNLQQRITDERKREEIKIKQQLLQTKHNA LKDLRSQRRKKALEISHQWYQYKRQADDLLKCLDDIEKKLASLPEPRDERKIKEIDRELQ KKKEELNAVRRQAEGLSEDGAAMAVEPTQIQLSKRWREIESKFAQFRRLNFAQIHTVREE TMMVMTEDMPLEISYVPSTYLTEITHVSQALLEVEQLLNAPDLCAKDFEDLFKQEESLKN IKDSLQQSSGRIDIIHSKKTAALQSATPVERVKLQEALSQLDFQWEKVNKMYKDRQGRFD RSVEKWRRFHYDIKIFNQWLTEAEQFLRKTQIPENWEHAKYKWYLKELQDGIGQRQTVVR TLNATGEEIIQQSSKTDASILQEKLGSLNLRWQEVCKQLSDRKKRLEEQKNILSEFQRDL NEFVLWLEEADNIASIPLEPGKEQQLKEKLEQVKLLVEELPLRQGILKQLNETGGPVLVS APISPEEQDKLENKLKQTNLQWIKVSRALPEKQGEIEAQIKDLGQLEKKLEDLEEQLNHL LLWLSPIRNQLEIYNQPNQEGPFDVKETEIAVQAKQPDVEEILSKGQHLYKEKPATQPVK RKLEDLSSEWKAVNRLLQELRAKQPDLAPGLTTIGASPTQTVTLVTQPVVTKETAISKLE MPSSLMLEVPALADFNRAWTELTDWLSLLDQVIKSQRVMVGDLEDINEMIIKQKATMQDL EQRRPQLEELITAAQNLKNKTSNQEARTIITDRIERIQNQWDEVQEHLQNRRQQLNEMLK DSTQWLEAKEEAEQVLGQARAKLESWKEGPYTVDAIQKKITETKQLAKDLRQWQTNVDVA NDLALKLLRDYSADDTRKVHMITENINASWRSIHKRVSEREAALEETHRLLQQFPLDLEK FLAWLTEAETTANVLQDATRKERLLEDSKGVKELMKQWQDLQGEIEAHTDVYHNLDENSQ KILRSLEGSDDAVLLQRRLDNMNFKWSELRKKSLNIRSHLEASSDQWKRLHLSLQELLVW LQLKDDELSRQAPIGGDFPAVQKQNDVHRAFKRELKTKEPVIMSTLETVRIFLTEQPLEG LEKLYQEPRELPPEERAQNVTRLLRKQAEEVNTEWEKLNLHSADWQRKIDETLERLQELQ EATDELDLKLRQAEVIKGSWQPVGDLLIDSLQDHLEKVKALRGEIAPLKENVSHVNDLAR QLTTLGIQLSPYNLSTLEDLNTRWKLLQVAVEDRVRQLHEAHRDFGPASQHFLSTSVQGP WERAISPNKVPYYINHETQTTCWDHPKMTELYQSLADLNNVRFSAYRTAMKLRRLQKALC LDLLSLSAACDALDQHNLKQNDQPMDILQIINCLTTIYDRLEQEHNNLVNVPLCVDMCLN WLLNVYDTGRTGRIRVLSFKTGIISLCKAHLEDKYRYLFKQVASSTGFCDQRRLGLLLHD SIQIPRQLGEVASFGGSNIEPSVRSCFQFANNKPEIEAALFLDWMRLEPQSMVWLPVLHR VAAAETAKHQAKCNICKECPIIGFRYRSLKHFNYDICQSCFFSGRVAKGHKMHYPMVEYC TPTTSGEDVRDFAKVLKNKFRTKRYFAKHPRMGYLPVQTVLEGDNMETPVTLINFWPVDS APASSPQLSHDDTHSRIEHYASRLAEMENSNGSYLNDSISPNESIDDEHLLIQHYCQSLN QDSPLSQPRSPAQILISLESEERGELERILADLEEENRNLQAEYDRLKQQHEHKGLSPLP SPPEMMPTSPQSPRDAELIAEAKLLRQHKGRLEARMQILEDHNKQLESQLHRLRQLLEQP QAEAKVNGTTVSSPSTSLQRSDSSQPMLLRVVGSQTSDSMGEEDLLSPPQDTSTGLEEVM EQLNNSFPSSRGRNTPGKPMREDTM

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Sequence length	3685 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is not processed.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

Function	May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
Subunit structure	Interacts with the syntrophins SNTA1, SNTB1, SNTB2, SNTG1 and SNTG2. Interacts with KRT19.
Subcellular location	Cell membrane › sarcolemma; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in muscle fibers accumulating in the costameres of myoplasm at the sarcolemma. Isoform 5 is expressed in brain, liver, testis and hepatoma cells.
Involvement in disease	Defects in DMD are the cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) [MIM:310200]. DMD is the most common form of muscular dystrophy; a sex-linked recessive disorder. It typically presents in boys aged 3 to 7 year as proximal muscle weakness causing waddling gait, toe-walking, lordosis, frequent falls, and difficulty in standing up and climbing up stairs. The pelvic girdle is affected first, then the shoulder girdle. Progression is steady and most patients are confined to a wheelchair by age of 10 or 12. Flexion contractures and scoliosis ultimately occur. About 50% of patients have a lower IQ than their genetic expectations would suggest. There is no treatment. Defects in DMD are the cause of Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) [MIM:300376]. BMD resembles DMD in hereditary and clinical features but is later in onset and more benign. Defects in DMD are a cause of cardiomyopathy dilated X-linked type 3B (CMD3B) [MIM:302045]; also known as X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (XLCM). Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Patients are at risk of premature death.
Miscellaneous	The DMD gene is the largest known gene in humans. It is 2.4 million base-pairs in size, comprises 79 exons and takes over 16 hours to be transcribed and cotranscriptionally spliced.
Sequence similarities	Contains 2 CH (calponin-homology) domains. Contains 22 spectrin repeats. Contains 1 WW domain. Contains 1 ZZ-type zinc finger.

Keywords
Cellular component	Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Membrane
Coding sequence diversity	Alternative splicing Polymorphism
Disease	Cardiomyopathy Disease mutation
Domain	Repeat Zinc-finger
Ligand	Actin-binding Calcium Metal-binding Zinc
PTM	Phosphoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	muscle development Non-traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc peptide biosynthetic process Ref.15 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	cell surface Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB costamere Ref.15 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB cytoskeleton Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB nucleus Inferred from direct assay. Source: HPA sarcolemma Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular function	actin binding Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB calcium ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro nitric-oxide synthase binding Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB structural constituent of cytoskeleton Ref.1 Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc structural constituent of muscle Ref.15 Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB zinc ion binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
Dtnb	O70585	1	EBI-295827,EBI-349714	From a different organism.
KRT19	P08727	1	EBI-295827,EBI-742756
SNTB1	Q13884	3	EBI-295827,EBI-295843
SNTB2	Q13425	1	EBI-295827,EBI-80411

This entry describes 5 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] Notes: Additional isoforms seem to exist.

Isoform 4 (identifier: P11532-1) Also known as: Dystrophin-4; This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.

Isoform 1 (identifier: P11532-2) Also known as: Dystrophin-1; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-1: M → MTEIILLIFFPAYFLN 2-1357: Missing.

Isoform 2 (identifier: P11532-3) Also known as: Dystrophin-2; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-1: M → MSARKLRNLSYKK 2-1357: Missing.

Isoform 3 (identifier: P11532-4) Also known as: Dystrophin-3; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-11: MLWWEEVEDCY → MED

Isoform 5 (identifier: P11532-5) Also known as: Dp71; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-3068: Missing. 3069-3075: KVPYYIN → MREQLKG 3410-3422: Missing. 3673-3685: RNTPGKPMREDTM → HNVGSLFHMADDLGRAMESLVSVMTDEEGAE

Names and origin

Protein attributes

General annotation (Comments)

Ontologies

Keywords

Gene Ontology (GO)

Binary interactions

With

Entry

#Exp.

IntAct

Notes

Alternative products

Sequence annotation (Features)

Molecule processing

Regions

Amino acid modifications

Natural variations