P11416 (RARA_MOUSE) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 151.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Retinoic acid receptor alpha Short name=RAR-alpha Alternative name(s): Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 1 | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Mus musculus (Mouse) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 10090 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Mus › Mus![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 462 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone acetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression. On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation. Regulates expression of target genes in a ligand-dependent manner by recruiting chromatin complexes containing MLL5. Mediates retinoic acid-induced granulopoiesis. RARA plays an essential role in the regulation of retinoic acid-induced germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Has a role in the survival of early spermatocytes at the beginning prophase of meiosis. In Sertoli cells, may promote the survival and development of early meiotic prophase spermatocytes. In concert with RARG, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.16 |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with PRMT2 By similarity. Interacts with LRIF1 By similarity. Interacts with NCOA7 in a ligand-inducible manner. Interacts with MLL5. Interacts (via the ligand-binding domain) with PRAME; interaction is direct and ligand (retinoic acid)-dependent. Interacts with PRKAR1A; the interaction negatively. regulates RARA transcriptional activity. Interacts with NCOR1 and NCOR2; the interaction occurs in the absence of ligand and represses transciptional activity. Interacts with NCOA3 and NCOA6 coactivators, leading to a strong increase of transcription of target genes. Interacts with CDK7; the interaction is enhanced by interaction with GTF2H3. Interacts with GTF2H3; the interaction requires prior phosphorylation on Ser-369 which then enhances interaction with CDK7. Interacts with ASXL1 and NCOA1 By similarity. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9 Ref.11 Ref.16 |
| Subcellular location | Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note: Nuclear localization depends on ligand binding, phosphorylation and sumoylation. Transloaction to the nucleus is dependent on activation of PKC and the downstream MAPK phosphorylation. Ref.10 Ref.12 |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in Sertoli cells and germ cells. Ref.14 |
| Induction | By retinoic acid. Ref.14 |
| Domain | Composed of three domains: a modulating N-terminal domain, a DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Phosphorylation does not change during cell cycle. Phosphorylation on Ser-77 is crucial for the N-terminal AF1 transcriptional activity. Under stress conditions, MAPK8 enhances phosphorylation on Thr-181, Ser-445 and Ser-461 leading to RARA ubiquitination and degradation. Phosphorylation by AKT1 inhibits the transactivation activity. On retinoic acid stimulation, phosphorylation on Ser-369 by RPS6KA5 promotes interaction with GTF2H3 and the CDK7-mediated phosphorylation of Ser-77. Ref.8 Ref.12 Ref.16 Sumoylated with SUMO2, mainly on Lys-399 which is also required for SENP6 binding. On all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) binding, a confromational change may occur that allows sumoylation on two additional site, Lys-166 and Lys-171. Probably desumoylated by SENP6. Sumoylation levels determine nuclear localization and regulate ATRA-mediated transcriptional activity By similarity. |
| Disruption phenotype | Seminiferous tubules of 6 month-old animals display varying degrees of testicular degeneration, with moderate to severe levels of germ-cell degeneration. Epithelial cells in the epididymis show general disorganization. Sperm count is reduced to about 1.7% of wild-type and sperm mobility reduced by half. Double Rara-Rarg but not Rara-Rarb null mice exhibit growth retardation after 3 weeks. Defects are found in the growth plates with deficiency in cartilage. Growth retardation was noticable in limb sketal elements such as femurs. Early lethality and male sterility due to squamous metaplasia of the seminal vesicles and prostate are also observed. Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily. Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform Alpha-1 (identifier: P11416-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform Alpha-2 (identifier: P11416-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-60: MASNSSSCPT...SGYSTPSPAT → MYESVEVGGL...TPLWNGSNHS |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 462 | 462 | Retinoic acid receptor alpha | PRO_0000053462 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| DNA binding | 88 – 153 | 66 | Nuclear receptor | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 88 – 108 | 21 | NR C4-type | ||||||
| Zinc finger | 124 – 148 | 25 | NR C4-type | ||||||
| Region | 1 – 87 | 87 | Modulating | ||||||
| Region | 154 – 199 | 46 | Hinge | ||||||
| Region | 200 – 419 | 220 | Ligand-binding | ||||||
| Region | 404 – 419 | 16 | Required for binding corepressor NCOR1 | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 77 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by CDK7 Ref.8 Ref.16 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 96 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by PKB/AKT1 By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 219 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by PKA By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 347 | 1 | N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine Ref.7 | ||||||
| Modified residue | 369 | 1 | Phosphoserine; by PKA and RPS6KA5 Ref.16 | ||||||
| Cross-link | 166 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO) By similarity | |||||||
| Cross-link | 171 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO) By similarity | |||||||
| Cross-link | 399 | Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with G-Cter in SUMO) By similarity | |||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 60 | 60 | MASNS…PSPAT → MYESVEVGGLTPAPNPFLVV DFYNQNRACLLQEKGLPAPG PYSTPLRTPLWNGSNHS in isoform Alpha-2. | VSP_003630 | |||||
| Natural variant | 391 | 1 | G → A in embryonal carcinoma cell line RAC65. | ||||||
| Natural variant | 392 – 462 | 71 | Missing in embryonal carcinoma cell line RAC65. | ||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Mutagenesis | 74 | 1 | S → A: No effect on phosphorylation, no effect on transcriptional activity. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 77 | 1 | S → A: Decreases phosphorylation and no effect on interaction with CDK7. Strongly reduces transcriptional activity. Ref.8 Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 347 | 1 | K → A or Q: Greatly reduced interaction with RXRA and NCOR1 and transcriptional activation. Ref.7 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 347 | 1 | K → F: Reduced methylation levels. Little effect on interaction with RXRA or NCOR1. Small loss in transcriptional activation. Ref.7 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 369 | 1 | S → A: Abolishes phosphorylation and prevents phosphorylation of S-77. Ref.16 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 449 | 1 | S → A: No change in phosphorylation levels and no effect on transcriptional activity. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 456 | 1 | S → A: No change in phosphorylation levels and no effect on transcriptional activity. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Mutagenesis | 461 | 1 | S → A: No change in phosphorylation levels and no effect on transcriptional activity. Ref.8 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 163 | 1 | N → K in AAA40031. Ref.5 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 179 | 1 | T → S in AAA40031. Ref.5 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 284 | 1 | M → L in AAA40031. Ref.5 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Cloning of murine alpha and beta retinoic acid receptors and a novel receptor gamma predominantly expressed in skin." Zelent A., Krust A., Petkovich M., Kastner P., Chambon P. Nature 339:714-717(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM ALPHA-1). |
| [2] | "Cloning of several genes coding for retinoic acid nuclear receptors in the mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line PCC7-MZ1." Heiermann R., Rentrop M., Lang E., Maelicke A. J. Recept. Res. 13:693-709(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM ALPHA-1). |
| [3] | "Multiple isoforms of the mouse retinoic acid receptor alpha are generated by alternative splicing and differential induction by retinoic acid." Leroy P., Krust A., Zelent A., Mendelsohn C., Garnier J.-M., Kastner P., Dierich A., Chambon P. EMBO J. 10:59-69(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS ALPHA-1 AND ALPHA-2). |
| [4] | "Retinoic acid resistance of the variant embryonal carcinoma cell line RAC65 is caused by expression of a truncated RAR alpha." Kruyt F.A.E., van der Veer L., Mader S., van den Brink C.E., Feijen A., Jonk L.J., Kruijer W., van der Saag P.T. Differentiation 49:27-37(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (VARIANT IN EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA CELL LINE RAC65). |
| [5] | "A dominant negative mutation of the alpha retinoic acid receptor gene in a retinoic acid-nonresponsive embryonal carcinoma cell." Pratt M.A.C., Kralova J., McBurney M.W. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:6445-6453(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (VARIANT IN EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA CELL LINE RAC65). |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM ALPHA-1). Strain: FVB/N. Tissue: Mammary gland. |
| [7] | "Lysine trimethylation of retinoic acid receptor-alpha: a novel means to regulate receptor function." Huq M.D., Tsai N.-P., Khan S.A., Wei L.-N. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 6:677-688(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 340-359, METHYLATION AT LYS-347, FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH RXRA AND NCOR1, MASS SPECTROMETRY, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-347. |
| [8] | "Stimulation of RAR alpha activation function AF-1 through binding to the general transcription factor TFIIH and phosphorylation by CDK7." Rochette-Egly C., Adam S., Rossignol M., Egly J.-M., Chambon P. Cell 90:97-107(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH CDK7 AND GTF2H3, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-77, FUNCTION, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-74; SER-77; SER-449; SER-456 AND SER-461. |
| [9] | "The transcriptional co-activator p/CIP binds CBP and mediates nuclear-receptor function." Torchia J., Rose D.W., Inostroza J., Kamei Y., Westin S., Glass C.K., Rosenfeld M.G. Nature 387:677-684(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NCOA3. |
| [10] | "Follicle-stimulating hormone inhibits all-trans-retinoic acid-induced retinoic acid receptor alpha nuclear localization and transcriptional activation in mouse Sertoli cell lines." Braun K.W., Tribley W.A., Griswold M.D., Kim K.H. J. Biol. Chem. 275:4145-4151(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [11] | "Isolation and characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) interacting protein (PRIP) as a coactivator for PPAR." Zhu Y.-J., Kan L., Qi C., Kanwar Y.S., Yeldandi A.V., Rao M.S., Reddy J.K. J. Biol. Chem. 275:13510-13516(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH NCOA6. |
| [12] | "Positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor alpha by protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase in sertoli cells." Braun K.W., Vo M.N., Kim K.H. Biol. Reprod. 67:29-37(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [13] | "Male sterility in mice lacking retinoic acid receptor alpha involves specific abnormalities in spermiogenesis." Chung S.S., Wang X., Wolgemuth D.J. Differentiation 73:188-198(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, FUNCTION. |
| [14] | "Potential functions of retinoic acid receptor A in Sertoli cells and germ cells during spermatogenesis." Doyle T.J., Braun K.W., McLean D.J., Wright R.W., Griswold M.D., Kim K.H. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1120:114-130(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION. |
| [15] | "Retinoic acid receptors are required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function in postnatal mouse." Williams J.A., Kondo N., Okabe T., Takeshita N., Pilchak D.M., Koyama E., Ochiai T., Jensen D., Chu M.L., Kane M.A., Napoli J.L., Enomoto-Iwamoto M., Ghyselinck N., Chambon P., Pacifici M., Iwamoto M. Dev. Biol. 328:315-327(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE, FUNCTION. |
| [16] | "A coordinated phosphorylation cascade initiated by p38MAPK/MSK1 directs RARalpha to target promoters." Bruck N., Vitoux D., Ferry C., Duong V., Bauer A., de The H., Rochette-Egly C. EMBO J. 28:34-47(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-77 AND SER-369, FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH GTF2H3, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-77 AND SER-369. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | X56572 mRNA. Translation: CAA39919.1. X56565 mRNA. Translation: CAA39917.1. S56656 mRNA. Translation: AAB25783.1. X57528 mRNA. Translation: CAA40749.1. M60909 mRNA. Translation: AAA40031.1. BC010216 mRNA. Translation: AAH10216.1. |
| IPI | IPI00114447. IPI00223075. |
| PIR | S05050. |
| RefSeq | NP_001169999.1. NM_001176528.1. NP_001170773.1. NM_001177302.1. NP_001170774.1. NM_001177303.1. NP_033050.2. NM_009024.2. |
| UniGene | Mm.439744. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P11416. |
| SMR | P11416. Positions 87-416. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| DIP | DIP-31480N. |
| IntAct | P11416. 7 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-5210296. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P11416. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PRIDE | P11416. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENSMUST00000068133; ENSMUSP00000069744; ENSMUSG00000037992. ENSMUST00000107473; ENSMUSP00000103097; ENSMUSG00000037992. ENSMUST00000107474; ENSMUSP00000103098; ENSMUSG00000037992. ENSMUST00000107475; ENSMUSP00000103099; ENSMUSG00000037992. ENSMUST00000164748; ENSMUSP00000129791; ENSMUSG00000037992. |
| GeneID | 19401. |
| KEGG | mmu:19401. |
| UCSC | uc007lhz.2. mouse. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 5914. |
| MGI | MGI:97856. Rara. |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG297448. |
| GeneTree | ENSGT00680000099662. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000010312. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG005606. |
| InParanoid | P11416. |
| KO | K08527. |
| OMA | RTENVCI. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4F7NK7. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P11416. |
| Bgee | P11416. |
| CleanEx | MM_RARA. |
| Genevestigator | P11416. |
| GermOnline | ENSMUSG00000037992. Mus musculus. |
Family and domain databases | |
| Gene3D | 1.10.565.10. 1 hit. 3.30.50.10. 1 hit. |
| InterPro | IPR008946. Nucl_hormone_rcpt_ligand-bd. IPR000536. Nucl_hrmn_rcpt_lig-bd_core. IPR003078. Retinoic_acid_rcpt. IPR001723. Str_hrmn_rcpt. IPR001628. Znf_hrmn_rcpt. IPR013088. Znf_NHR/GATA. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00104. Hormone_recep. 1 hit. PF00105. zf-C4. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR01292. RETNOICACIDR. PR00398. STRDHORMONER. PR00047. STROIDFINGER. |
| SMART | SM00430. HOLI. 1 hit. SM00399. ZnF_C4. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF48508. Str_ncl_receptor. 1 hit. |
| PROSITE | PS00031. NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_1. 1 hit. PS51030. NUCLEAR_REC_DBD_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| BindingDB | P11416. |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2792. |
| NextBio | 296513. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | RARA_MOUSE | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P11416 Secondary accession number(s): P22603 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Recent format changes Overview of recent format changes |
| MGD cross-references Mouse Genome Database (MGD) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
