P10747 (CD28_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 142.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Alternative name(s): TP44 CD_antigen=CD28 | ||
| Gene names |
| ||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 220 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Involved in T-cell activation, the induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival. |
| Subunit structure | Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with DUSP14. Binds to CD80/B7-1 and CD86/B7-2/B70. Ref.13 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in T-cells and plasma cells, but not in less mature B-cells. |
| Sequence similarities | Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. |
Ontologies
Alternative products
| This entry describes 6 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: P10747-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: P10747-2) Also known as: CD28-S2; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 19-137: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: P10747-3) Also known as: CD28i; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 40-124: CKYSYNLFSR...EVMYPPPYLD → Y | ||||||
| Isoform 4 (identifier: P10747-4) Also known as: CD28-S1; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 40-137: CKYSYNLFSR...SNGTIIHVKG → W | ||||||
| Isoform 5 (identifier: P10747-5) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 40-124: CKYSYNLFSR...EVMYPPPYLD → Y 138-139: KH → EE 140-220: Missing. | ||||||
| Isoform 6 (identifier: P10747-6) Also known as: CD28-S3; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 40-124: CKYSYNLFSR...EVMYPPPYLD → Y 152-207: Missing. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 18 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chain | 19 – 220 | 202 | T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 | PRO_0000014652 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Topological domain | 19 – 152 | 134 | Extracellular Potential | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transmembrane | 153 – 179 | 27 | Helical; Potential | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Topological domain | 180 – 220 | 41 | Cytoplasmic Potential | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Domain | 28 – 137 | 110 | Ig-like V-type | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 189 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 191 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 209 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 218 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine Ref.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 37 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 71 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 92 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 105 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 129 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 40 ↔ 112 | Ref.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 66 ↔ 86 | Ref.13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 19 – 137 | 119 | Missing in isoform 2. | VSP_002494 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 40 – 137 | 98 | CKYSY…IHVKG → W in isoform 4. | VSP_002496 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 40 – 124 | 85 | CKYSY…PPYLD → Y in isoform 3, isoform 5 and isoform 6. | VSP_002495 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 138 – 139 | 2 | KH → EE in isoform 5. | VSP_002497 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 140 – 220 | 81 | Missing in isoform 5. | VSP_002498 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 152 – 207 | 56 | Missing in isoform 6. | VSP_002499 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 27 – 30 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 35 – 43 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 49 – 58 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 64 – 74 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 77 – 79 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 81 – 83 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 85 – 90 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 92 – 101 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Helix | 104 – 106 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 108 – 121 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 123 – 125 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 131 – 134 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Molecular cloning of a CD28 cDNA by a high-efficiency COS cell expression system." Aruffo A., Seed B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:8573-8577(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [2] | "The genomic organization of the CD28 gene. Implications for the regulation of CD28 mRNA expression and heterogeneity." Lee K.P., Taylor C., Petryniak B., Turka L.A., June C.H., Thompson C.B. J. Immunol. 145:344-352(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 3), ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. |
| [3] | "A novel CD28 mRNA variant and simultaneous presence of various CD28 mRNA isoforms in human T lymphocytes." Deshpande M., Venuprasad K., Parab P.B., Saha B., Mitra D. Hum. Immunol. 63:20-23(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 5). |
| [4] | "A novel costimulatory signaling in human T lymphocytes by a splice variant of CD28." Hanawa H., Ma Y., Mikolajczak S.A., Charles M.L., Yoshida T., Yoshida R., Strathdee C.A., Litchfield D.W., Ochi A. Blood 99:2138-2145(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORMS 2; 4 AND 6), CHARACTERIZATION (ISOFORM 3). Tissue: Peripheral blood T-cell. |
| [5] | Livingston R.J., Shaffer T., McFarland I., Nguyen C.P., Stanaway I.B., Rajkumar N., Johnson E.J., da Ponte S.H., Willa H., Ahearn M.O., Bertucci C., Acklestad J., Carroll A., Swanson J., Gildersleeve H.I., Nickerson D.A. Submitted (OCT-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). Tissue: Synovium and Trachea. |
| [7] | "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4." Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., Du H. Wilson R.K.Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [8] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [9] | "Assembly and annotation of human chromosome 2q33 sequence containing the CD28, CTLA4, and ICOS gene cluster: analysis by computational, comparative, and microarray approaches." Ling V., Wu P.W., Finnerty H.F., Agostino M.J., Graham J.R., Chen S., Jussiff J.M., Fisk G.J., Miller C.P., Collins M. Genomics 78:155-168(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-178 (ISOFORM 1). |
| [10] | "Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry." Brill L.M., Salomon A.R., Ficarro S.B., Mukherji M., Stettler-Gill M., Peters E.C. Anal. Chem. 76:2763-2772(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-209 AND TYR-218, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [11] | "Mass-spectrometric identification and relative quantification of N-linked cell surface glycoproteins." Wollscheid B., Bausch-Fluck D., Henderson C., O'Brien R., Bibel M., Schiess R., Aebersold R., Watts J.D. Nat. Biotechnol. 27:378-386(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-71 AND ASN-129, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [12] | "Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions." Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K. Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-189 AND TYR-191, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Leukemic T-cell. |
| [13] | "Crystal structure of a soluble CD28-Fab complex." Evans E.J., Esnouf R.M., Manso-Sancho R., Gilbert R.J., James J.R., Yu C., Fennelly J.A., Vowles C., Hanke T., Walse B., Hunig T., Sorensen P., Stuart D.I., Davis S.J. Nat. Immunol. 6:271-279(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.7 ANGSTROMS) OF 17-152 IN COMPLEX WITH THE FAB FRAGMENT OF A MITOGENIC ANTIBODY, DISULFIDE BONDS, GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-37 AND ASN-105. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
| Wikipedia CD28 entry |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | J02988 mRNA. Translation: AAA60581.1. M37815 M37814 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA51944.1.M37815 M37814 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA51945.1.AJ295273 mRNA. Translation: CAC29237.1. AF222341 mRNA. Translation: AAF33792.1. AF222342 mRNA. Translation: AAF33793.1. AF222343 mRNA. Translation: AAF33794.1. EF064755 Genomic DNA. Translation: ABK41938.1. AK292986 mRNA. Translation: BAF85675.1. AK313313 mRNA. Translation: BAG36118.1. AC125238 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAY24123.1. BC093698 mRNA. Translation: AAH93698.1. BC112085 mRNA. Translation: AAI12086.1. AF411057 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAL40931.1. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00022339. IPI00215639. IPI00215640. IPI00215641. IPI00215643. IPI00215645. | ||||||||||||
| PIR | RWHU28. A39983. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_001230006.1. NM_001243077.1. NP_001230007.1. NM_001243078.1. NP_006130.1. NM_006139.3. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.443123. | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
| ||||||||||||
| ProteinModelPortal | P10747. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| DIP | DIP-6043N. | ||||||||||||
| IntAct | P10747. 2 interactions. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | P10747. | ||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||
| DMDM | 115973. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PaxDb | P10747. | ||||||||||||
| PRIDE | P10747. | ||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000324106; ENSP00000324890; ENSG00000178562. ENST00000374478; ENSP00000363602; ENSG00000178562. ENST00000374481; ENSP00000363605; ENSG00000178562. | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 940. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:940. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc002vah.4. human. uc010ftx.3. human. uc010zio.2. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 940. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC02P204535. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:1653. CD28. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 186760. gene. | ||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_P10747. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA26207. | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| eggNOG | NOG48152. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG004094. | ||||||||||||
| InParanoid | P10747. | ||||||||||||
| KO | K06470. | ||||||||||||
| OrthoDB | EOG498V1S. | ||||||||||||
| PhylomeDB | P10747. | ||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | il12_stat4pathway. IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4. tcrpathway. TCR signaling in naive CD4+ T cells. cd8tcrpathway. TCR signaling in naive CD8+ T cells. | ||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. REACT_116125. Disease. REACT_6900. Immune System. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | P10747. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | P10747. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_CD28. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | P10747. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000178562. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| Gene3D | 2.60.40.10. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR008093. CD28. IPR013783. Ig-like_fold. IPR013106. Ig_V-set. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF07686. V-set. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PRINTS | PR01717. CD28ANTIGEN. | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS50835. IG_LIKE. False negative. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL5191. | ||||||||||||
| ChiTaRS | CD28. human. | ||||||||||||
| EvolutionaryTrace | P10747. | ||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 940. | ||||||||||||
| NextBio | 3894. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | CD28_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P10747 Secondary accession number(s): A8KAC1 Q9BYV0 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human cell differentiation molecules CD nomenclature of surface proteins of human leucocytes and list of entries |
| Human chromosome 2 Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
