P10645 (CMGA_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 149.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Chromogranin-A Short name=CgA Alternative name(s): Pituitary secretory protein I Short name=SP-I Cleaved into the following 13 chains:
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| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 457 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Pancreastatin strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas. |
| Subunit structure | Interacts with SCG3 By similarity. |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasmic vesicle › secretory vesicle lumen By similarity. Cytoplasmic vesicle › secretory vesicle membrane By similarity. Secreted. Note: Associated with the secretory granule membrane through direct interaction to SCG3 that in turn binds to cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts in intragranular conditions By similarity. |
| Post-translational modification | Sulfated on tyrosine residues and/or contains sulfated glycans. O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. Ref.16 Ref.20 |
| Miscellaneous | Binds calcium with a low-affinity. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the chromogranin/secretogranin protein family. |
Ontologies
| Keywords | |
|---|---|
| Cellular component | Cytoplasmic vesicle Membrane Secreted |
| Coding sequence diversity | Polymorphism |
| Domain | Signal |
| Ligand | Calcium |
| PTM | Amidation Cleavage on pair of basic residues Disulfide bond Glycoprotein Phosphoprotein Sulfation |
| Technical term | 3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome |
| Gene Ontology (GO) | |
| Biological_process | regulation of blood pressure Traceable author statement PubMed 8406464. Source: ProtInc |
| Cellular_component | extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell secretory granuleInferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro transport vesicle membraneInferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell |
| Complete GO annotation... | |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 18 | 18 | Ref.11 | ||||||||||
| Chain | 19 – 457 | 439 | Chromogranin-A | PRO_0000005408 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 19 – 131 | 113 | Vasostatin-2 | PRO_0000005409 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 19 – 94 | 76 | Vasostatin-1 | PRO_0000005410 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 134 – 225 | 92 | EA-92 | PRO_0000005411 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 228 – 260 | 33 | ES-43 | PRO_0000005412 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 272 – 319 | 48 | Pancreastatin | PRO_0000005413 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 322 – 339 | 18 | SS-18 | PRO_0000005414 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 342 – 355 | 14 | WE-14 Ref.14 | PRO_0000005415 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 342 – 349 | 8 | WA-8 | PRO_0000005416 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 358 – 376 | 19 | LF-19 | PRO_0000005417 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 380 – 390 | 11 | AL-11 | PRO_0000005418 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 393 – 411 | 19 | GV-19 | PRO_0000005419 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 413 – 456 | 44 | GR-44 | PRO_0000005420 | |||||||||
| Peptide | 420 – 456 | 37 | ER-37 | PRO_0000005421 | |||||||||
Regions | |||||||||||||
| Region | 41 – 59 | 19 | O-glycosylated at one site only in cerebrospinal fluid | ||||||||||
| Region | 181 – 191 | 11 | O-glycosylated at one site only in cerebrospinal fluid | ||||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||||
| Modified residue | 142 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 194 | 1 | Phosphotyrosine By similarity | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 203 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.18 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 218 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 270 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 300 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.18 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 319 | 1 | Glycine amide Ref.13 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 322 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.17 Ref.18 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 333 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 398 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 402 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.18 | ||||||||||
| Modified residue | 456 | 1 | Arginine amide | ||||||||||
| Glycosylation | 181 | 1 | O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.16 | CAR_000116 | |||||||||
| Glycosylation | 183 | 1 | O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.16 | CAR_000117 | |||||||||
| Glycosylation | 251 | 1 | O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.16 | CAR_000118 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 35 ↔ 56 | Ref.1 | |||||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||||
| Natural variant | 61 | 1 | R → Q. Corresponds to variant rs3742712 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_047417 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 176 | 1 | E → K. Corresponds to variant rs9658654 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025636 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 264 | 1 | E → D. Ref.7 Corresponds to variant rs9658655 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025637 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 271 | 1 | R → W. Corresponds to variant rs9658662 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025638 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 274 | 1 | A → G. Corresponds to variant rs9658663 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025639 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 315 | 1 | G → S. Corresponds to variant rs9658664 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025640 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 332 | 1 | L → P. Corresponds to variant rs9658665 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025641 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 369 | 1 | D → N. Corresponds to variant rs2228575 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025642 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 382 | 1 | G → S Reduces activity 4.7 fold. Ref.22 Corresponds to variant rs9658667 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025643 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 388 | 1 | P → L Increases activity 2.3 fold. Ref.22 Corresponds to variant rs9658668 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025644 | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 399 | 1 | R → W. Ref.1 Ref.3 Ref.6 Corresponds to variant rs729940 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_025645 | |||||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 41 | 1 | S → Y in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 54 | 1 | Q → K in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 87 | 1 | A → R in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 119 | 1 | E → Q in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 167 | 1 | N → K in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 200 | 1 | E → K in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 219 | 1 | A → V in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 339 – 340 | 2 | SK → TN in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 370 | 1 | S → R in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 373 | 1 | K → R in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 380 | 1 | A → G in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 394 | 1 | W → S in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 397 | 1 | S → N in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 416 | 1 | E → Q in AAA52018. Ref.1 | ||||||||||
Secondary structure | |||||||||||||
Helix Strand Turn | |||||||||||||
| Beta strand | 380 – 383 | 4 | |||||||||||
| Beta strand | 385 – 387 | 3 | |||||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "The primary structure of human chromogranin A and pancreastatin." Konecki D.S., Benedum U.M., Gerdes H.-H., Huttner W.B. J. Biol. Chem. 262:17026-17030(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], DISULFIDE BOND, VARIANT TRP-399. |
| [2] | "Molecular cloning and primary structure of human chromogranin A (secretory protein I) cDNA." Helman L.J., Ahn T.G., Levine M.A., Allison A., Cohen P.S., Cooper M.J., Cohn D.V., Israel M.A. J. Biol. Chem. 263:11559-11563(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [3] | "Human chromogranin A gene. Molecular cloning, structural analysis, and neuroendocrine cell-specific expression." Mouland A.J., Bevan S., White J.H., Hendy G.N. J. Biol. Chem. 269:6918-6926(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANT TRP-399. Tissue: Liver. |
| [4] | Mouland A.J., Bevan S., White J.H., Hendy G.N. Submitted (JUL-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: SEQUENCE REVISION TO 384-397. |
| [5] | "Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (MAY-2003) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. |
| [6] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT TRP-399. Tissue: Stomach. |
| [7] | Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Takeda T., Sakaki Y., Tanaka A., Yokoyama S. Submitted (APR-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT ASP-264. Tissue: Gastric mucosa. |
| [8] | "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14." Heilig R., Eckenberg R., Petit J.-L., Fonknechten N., Da Silva C., Cattolico L., Levy M., Barbe V., De Berardinis V., Ureta-Vidal A., Pelletier E., Vico V., Anthouard V., Rowen L., Madan A., Qin S., Sun H., Du H. Weissenbach J.Nature 421:601-607(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [9] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [10] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain. |
| [11] | "Chromogranin from normal human adrenal glands: purification by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography and partial N-terminal amino acid sequence." Wilson B.S., Phan S.H., Lloyd R.V. Regul. Pept. 13:207-223(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 19-46. Tissue: Adrenal gland. |
| [12] | "Isolation and characterization of a tumor-derived human protein related to chromogranin A and its in vitro conversion to human pancreastatin-48." Tamamura H., Ohta M., Yoshizawa K., Ono Y., Funakoshi A., Miyasaka K., Tateishi K., Jimi A., Yajima H., Fujii N., Funakoshi S. Eur. J. Biochem. 191:33-39(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 134-319. Tissue: Pancreas. |
| [13] | "Isolation of human pancreastatin fragment containing the active sequence from a glucagonoma." Sekiya K., Ghatei M.A., Minamino N., Bretherton-Watt D., Matsuo H., Bloom S.R. FEBS Lett. 228:153-156(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 291-319. Tissue: Pancreas. |
| [14] | "Isolation and primary structure of a novel chromogranin A-derived peptide, WE-14, from a human midgut carcinoid tumour." Curry W.J., Shaw C., Johnston C.F., Thim L., Buchanan K.D. FEBS Lett. 301:319-321(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 342-355. |
| [15] | "The spectrum of endogenous human chromogranin A-derived peptides identified using a modified proteomic strategy." Orr D.F., Chen T., Johnsen A.H., Chalk R., Buchanan K.D., Sloan J.M., Rao P., Shaw C. Proteomics 2:1586-1600(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF DERIVED PEPTIDES. |
| [16] | "Phosphorylation and O-glycosylation sites of human chromogranin A (CGA79-439) from urine of patients with carcinoid tumors." Gadroy P., Stridsberg M., Capon C., Michalski J.-C., Strub J.-M., van Dorsselaer A., Aunis D., Metz-Boutigue M.-H. J. Biol. Chem. 273:34087-34097(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION AT THR-181; THR-183 AND THR-251, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-218; SER-270 AND SER-333. |
| [17] | "Identification and characterization of phosphorylated proteins in the human pituitary." Giorgianni F., Beranova-Giorgianni S., Desiderio D.M. Proteomics 4:587-598(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-322. Tissue: Pituitary. |
| [18] | "Phosphoproteomic analysis of the human pituitary." Beranova-Giorgianni S., Zhao Y., Desiderio D.M., Giorgianni F. Pituitary 9:109-120(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-203; SER-300; SER-322 AND SER-402, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Pituitary. |
| [19] | "Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification." Nilsson J., Rueetschi U., Halim A., Hesse C., Carlsohn E., Brinkmalm G., Larson G. Nat. Methods 6:809-811(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS], STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cerebrospinal fluid. |
| [20] | "LC-MS/MS characterization of O-glycosylation sites and glycan structures of human cerebrospinal fluid glycoproteins." Halim A., Ruetschi U., Larson G., Nilsson J. J. Proteome Res. 12:573-584(2013) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [21] | "Conformational preferences and activities of peptides from the catecholamine release-inhibitory (catestatin) region of chromogranin A." Preece N.E., Nguyen M., Mahata M., Mahata S.K., Mahapatra N.R., Tsigelny I., O'Connor D.T. Regul. Pept. 118:75-87(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 370-390. |
| [22] | "Both rare and common polymorphisms contribute functional variation at CHGA, a regulator of catecholamine physiology." Wen G., Mahata S.K., Cadman P., Mahata M., Ghosh S., Mahapatra N.R., Rao F., Stridsberg M., Smith D.W., Mahboubi P., Schork N.J., O'Connor D.T., Hamilton B.A. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74:197-207(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS SER-382 AND LEU-388. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | J03483 mRNA. Translation: AAA52017.1. J03915 mRNA. Translation: AAA52018.1. U03749 U03747 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB53685.1.BT006869 mRNA. Translation: AAP35515.1. AK223381 mRNA. Translation: BAD97101.1. AL117192 Genomic DNA. No translation available. AK313757 mRNA. Translation: BAG36496.1. CH471061 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW81505.1. BC001059 mRNA. Translation: AAH01059.1. BC006459 mRNA. Translation: AAH06459.1. BC009384 mRNA. Translation: AAH09384.2. BC012755 mRNA. Translation: AAH12755.2. | ||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00290315. | ||||||||||||
| PIR | A28468. A54376. | ||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_001266.1. NM_001275.3. | ||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.150793. | ||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||
| PDBe RCSB PDB PDBj |
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| ProteinModelPortal | P10645. | ||||||||||||
| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000216492. | ||||||||||||
PTM databases | |||||||||||||
| GlycoSuiteDB | P10645. | ||||||||||||
| PhosphoSite | P10645. | ||||||||||||
Polymorphism databases | |||||||||||||
| DMDM | 215274270. | ||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||
| PaxDb | P10645. | ||||||||||||
| PRIDE | P10645. | ||||||||||||
Protocols and materials databases | |||||||||||||
| DNASU | 1113. | ||||||||||||
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... | ||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000216492; ENSP00000216492; ENSG00000100604. | ||||||||||||
| GeneID | 1113. | ||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:1113. | ||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc001ybc.4. human. | ||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||
| CTD | 1113. | ||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC14P093389. | ||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:1929. CHGA. | ||||||||||||
| HPA | CAB040544. CAB055506. HPA017369. | ||||||||||||
| MIM | 118910. gene. | ||||||||||||
| neXtProt | NX_P10645. | ||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA26461. | ||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||
| eggNOG | NOG41926. | ||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | HBG001272. | ||||||||||||
| InParanoid | P10645. | ||||||||||||
| OMA | PVNSPMN. | ||||||||||||
| PhylomeDB | P10645. | ||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | P10645. | ||||||||||||
| Bgee | P10645. | ||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_CHGA. | ||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | P10645. | ||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000100604. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001819. Chromogranin_AB. IPR018054. Chromogranin_CS. IPR001990. Granin. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PANTHER | PTHR10583. PTHR10583. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF01271. Granin. 2 hits. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| PRINTS | PR00659. CHROMOGRANIN. | ||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00422. GRANINS_1. 1 hit. PS00423. GRANINS_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||
| ChiTaRS | CHGA. human. | ||||||||||||
| EvolutionaryTrace | P10645. | ||||||||||||
| GenomeRNAi | 1113. | ||||||||||||
| NextBio | 4618. | ||||||||||||
| PMAP-CutDB | Q6NR84. | ||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | CMGA_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P10645 Secondary accession number(s): B2R9E9 Q9BQB5 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 14 Human chromosome 14: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
