P10323 (ACRO_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Acrosin
EC=3.4.21.10

Cleaved into the following 2 chains:

1. Acrosin light chain
2. Acrosin heavy chain

Gene names

Name:	ACR
Synonyms:	ACRS

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	421 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Acrosin is the major protease of mammalian spermatozoa. It is a serine protease of trypsin-like cleavage specificity, it is synthesized in a zymogen form, proacrosin and stored in the acrosome.
Catalytic activity	Preferential cleavage: Arg-|-Xaa, Lys-|-Xaa.
Enzyme regulation	Inhibited by SERPINA5. Ref.7
Subunit structure	Heavy chain (catalytic) and a light chain linked by two disulfide bonds. Forms a heterodimer with SERPINA5.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Hydrolase Protease Serine protease
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein Zymogen
Technical term	Complete proteome Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	acrosome matrix dispersal Non-traceable author statement PubMed 10418103. Source: UniProtKB activation of adenylate cyclase activity Inferred from direct assay PubMed 3880736. Source: UniProtKB binding of sperm to zona pellucida Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to biotic stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to steroid hormone stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Cellular_component	Golgi-associated vesicle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara acrosomal matrix Traceable author statement PubMed 12398221. Source: HGNC protein complex Inferred from direct assay Ref.7. Source: UniProtKB
Molecular_function	DNA binding Non-traceable author statement PubMed 1937464. Source: UniProtKB amidase activity Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB copper ion binding Non-traceable author statement PubMed 6815104. Source: UniProtKB drug binding Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB fucose binding Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: UniProtKB mannose binding Inferred from direct assay PubMed 15950652. Source: UniProtKB serine-type endopeptidase activity Inferred from direct assay PubMed 6802470. Source: UniProtKB zinc ion binding Non-traceable author statement PubMed 6815104. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 19	19
	Chain	20 – 421	402	Acrosin		PRO_0000027518
	Chain	20 – 42	23	Acrosin light chain		PRO_0000027519
	Chain	43 – 343	301	Acrosin heavy chain		PRO_0000027520
	Propeptide	344 – 421	78	Pro-rich Probable		PRO_0000027521
Regions
	Domain	43 – 290	248	Peptidase S1
Sites
	Active site	88	1	Charge relay system By similarity
	Active site	142	1	Charge relay system By similarity
	Active site	240	1	Charge relay system By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	22	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) By similarity
	Glycosylation	210	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) By similarity
	Disulfide bond	25 ↔ 154		Interchain (between light and heavy chains) By similarity
	Disulfide bond	29 ↔ 162		Interchain (between light and heavy chains) By similarity
	Disulfide bond	73 ↔ 89		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	177 ↔ 246		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	209 ↔ 225		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	236 ↔ 266		By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	120	1	L → V. Corresponds to variant rs1064734 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_011650
	Natural variant	166	1	F → L. Corresponds to variant rs1064735 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_011651
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	64	1	T → R Ref.2
	Sequence conflict	64	1	T → R Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	226	1	A → V Ref.3
	Sequence conflict	268	1	R → L Ref.2
	Sequence conflict	268	1	R → L Ref.4
	Sequence conflict	296	1	M → V in CAG30252. Ref.6
	Sequence conflict	345	1	R → P Ref.2
	Sequence conflict	345	1	R → P Ref.3
	Sequence conflict	345	1	R → P Ref.4

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P10323 [UniParc]. Last modified October 3, 2006. Version 4. Checksum: 7A2F7ECEC98008FA	FASTA	421	45,847
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MVEMLPTAIL LVLAVSVVAK DNATCDGPCG LRFRQNPQGG VRIVGGKAAQ HGAWPWMVSL 70 80 90 100 110 120 QIFTYNSHRY HTCGGSLLNS RWVLTAAHCF VGKNNVHDWR LVFGAKEITY GNNKPVKAPL 130 140 150 160 170 180 QERYVEKIII HEKYNSATEG NDIALVEITP PISCGRFIGP GCLPHFKAGL PRGSQSCWVA 190 200 210 220 230 240 GWGYIEEKAP RPSSILMEAR VDLIDLDLCN STQWYNGRVQ PTNVCAGYPV GKIDTCQGDS 250 260 270 280 290 300 GGPLMCKDSK ESAYVVVGIT SWGVGCARAK RPGIYTATWP YLNWIASKIG SNALRMIQSA 310 320 330 340 350 360 TPPPPTTRPP PIRPPFSHPI SAHLPWYFQP PPRPLPPRPP AAQPRPPPSP PPPPPPPASP 370 380 390 400 410 420 LPPPPPPPPP TPSSTTKLPQ GLSFAKRLQQ LIEVLKGKTY SDGKNHYDME TTELPELTST S

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Primary structure of human proacrosin deduced from its cDNA sequence." Baba T., Watanabe K., Kashiwabara S., Arai Y. FEBS Lett. 244:296-300(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[2]	"Nucleotide sequence and exon-intron organization of the human proacrosin gene." Keime S., Adham I.M., Engel W. Eur. J. Biochem. 190:195-200(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. Tissue: Leukocyte.
[3]	"Molecular cloning of human preproacrosin cDNA." Adham I.M., Klemm U., Maier W.-M., Engel W. Hum. Genet. 84:125-128(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[4]	"Molecular cloning, sequencing and restriction mapping of the genomic sequence encoding human proacrosin." Vazquez-Levin M.H., Reventos J., Gordon J.W. Eur. J. Biochem. 207:23-26(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	Erratum Adham I.M., Spitzer U., Schloesser M., Kremling H., Keime S., Engel W. Eur. J. Biochem. 207:27-28(1992) Cited for: DISCUSSION OF PUBMED:1628652.
[6]	"A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome." Collins J.E., Wright C.L., Edwards C.A., Davis M.P., Grinham J.A., Cole C.G., Goward M.E., Aguado B., Mallya M., Mokrab Y., Huckle E.J., Beare D.M., Dunham I. Genome Biol. 5:R84.1-R84.11(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[7]	"Inhibition of acrosin by protein C inhibitor and localization of protein C inhibitor to spermatozoa." Zheng X., Geiger M., Ecke S., Bielek E., Donner P., Eberspacher U., Schleuning W.D., Binder B.R. Am. J. Physiol. 267:C466-C472(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: ENZYME REGULATION, HETERODIMER WITH SERPINA5.
[8]	"Evaluation of the proacrosin/acrosin system and its mechanism of activation in human sperm extracts." Zahn A., Furlong L.I., Biancotti J.C., Ghiringhelli P.D., Marijn-Briggiler C.I., Vazquez-Levin M.H. J. Reprod. Immunol. 54:43-63(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROPEPTIDE, ACTIVATION.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	Y00970 mRNA. Translation: CAA68784.1. X54017 , X54018, X54019, X54020 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA37964.1. M77378 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA51572.1. M77379 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA51573.1. M77380 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA51574.1. M77381 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA51575.1. X66188 , X54018, X54019, X54020 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA46956.1. CR456366 mRNA. Translation: CAG30252.1.
IPI	IPI00289614.
PIR	S11674.
RefSeq	NP_001088.2. NM_001097.2.
UniGene	Hs.370870.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P10323.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	9606.ENSP00000216139.
Protein family/group databases
MEROPS	S01.223.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	115502349.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P10323.
PRIDE	P10323.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	49.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000216139; ENSP00000216139; ENSG00000100312.
GeneID	49.
KEGG	hsa:49.
UCSC	uc003bnh.4. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	49.
GeneCards	GC22P051176.
H-InvDB	HIX0041187.
HGNC	HGNC:126. ACR.
HPA	HPA048687.
MIM	102480. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P10323.
PharmGKB	PA24451.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	COG5640.
HOGENOM	HOG000033792.
HOVERGEN	HBG013304.
InParanoid	P10323.
KO	K01317.
OMA	GIYTATW.
OrthoDB	EOG4NP73V.
PhylomeDB	P10323.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	3.4.21.10. 2681.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P10323.
Bgee	P10323.
CleanEx	HS_ACR.
Genevestigator	P10323.
GermOnline	ENSG00000100312. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR012267. Pept_S1A_acrosin. IPR001254. Peptidase_S1. IPR018114. Peptidase_S1_AS. IPR001314. Peptidase_S1A. IPR009003. Trypsin-like_Pept_dom. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00089. Trypsin. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF001141. Acrosin. 1 hit.
PRINTS	PR00722. CHYMOTRYPSIN.
SMART	SM00020. Tryp_SPc. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
SUPFAM	SSF50494. Pept_Ser_Cys. 1 hit.
PROSITE	PS50240. TRYPSIN_DOM. 1 hit. PS00134. TRYPSIN_HIS. 1 hit. PS00135. TRYPSIN_SER. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
BindingDB	P10323.
ChEMBL	CHEMBL2738.
GenomeRNAi	49.
NextBio	191.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

ACRO_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P10323
Secondary accession number(s): Q6ICK2

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 1, 1989
Last sequence update:	October 3, 2006
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 142 of the entry and version 4 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.