glnA

Functionⁱ

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an unusual multitasking protein that functions as an enzyme, a transcription coregulator, and a chaperone in ammonium assimilation and in the regulation of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism. It catalyzes the ATP-dependent biosynthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. Feedback-inhibited GlnA also interacts with and regulates the activity of the transcriptional regulator TnrA. During nitrogen limitation, TnrA is in its DNA-binding active state and turns on the transcription of genes required for nitrogen assimilation. Under conditions of nitrogen excess, feedback-inhibited GlnA forms a stable complex with TnrA, which inhibits its DNA-binding activity. In contrast, feedback-inhibited GlnA acts as a chaperone to stabilize the DNA-binding activity of GlnR, which represses the transcription of nitrogen assimilation genes.By similarity

Catalytic activityⁱ

ATP + L-glutamate + NH₃ = ADP + phosphate + L-glutamine.By similarity

Cofactorⁱ

Mg²⁺By similarityNote: Binds 2 Mg²⁺ ions per subunit.By similarity

Enzyme regulationⁱ

Inhibited by glutamine.By similarity

Sites

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Length
Siteⁱ	64	Important for inhibition by glutamineBy similarity	1
Metal bindingⁱ	134	Magnesium 1By similarity	1
Metal bindingⁱ	136	Magnesium 2By similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	186	ATPBy similarity	1
Metal bindingⁱ	191	Magnesium 2By similarity	1
Metal bindingⁱ	198	Magnesium 2By similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	243	L-glutamate; via carbonyl oxygenBy similarity	1
Metal bindingⁱ	247	Magnesium 1; via pros nitrogenBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	251	ATPBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	300	L-glutamateBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	306	L-glutamateBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	318	ATPBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	318	L-glutamateBy similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	323	ATPBy similarity	1
Metal bindingⁱ	335	Magnesium 1By similarity	1
Binding siteⁱ	337	L-glutamateBy similarity	1

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

ATP binding Source: UniProtKB-KW
glutamate-ammonia ligase activity Source: UniProtKB-EC
metal ion binding Source: UniProtKB-KW

Complete GO annotation...

GO - Biological processⁱ

glutamine biosynthetic process Source: InterPro
nitrogen fixation Source: InterPro

Complete GO annotation...

Keywordsⁱ

Molecular function	Ligase
Ligand	ATP-binding, Magnesium, Metal-binding, Nucleotide-binding

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Protein namesⁱ	Recommended name: Glutamine synthetaseBy similarity (EC:6.3.1.2By similarity) Short name: GSBy similarity Alternative name(s): Glutamate--ammonia ligaseBy similarity Glutamine synthetase I alphaBy similarity Short name: GSI alphaBy similarity
Gene namesⁱ	Name:glnABy similarity Ordered Locus Names:MW1192
Organismⁱ	Staphylococcus aureus (strain MW2)
Taxonomic identifierⁱ	196620 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageⁱ	cellular organisms › Bacteria › Terrabacteria group › Firmicutes › Bacilli › Bacillales › Staphylococcaceae › Staphylococcus › Staphylococcus aureus › Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus
Proteomesⁱ	UP000000418 Componentⁱ: Chromosome

Subcellular locationⁱ

Cytoplasm
By similarity
Manual assertion inferred from sequence similarity toⁱ
- UniProtKB:P12425 (GLN1A_BACSU)

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

cytoplasm Source: UniProtKB-SubCell

Complete GO annotation...

Keywords - Cellular componentⁱ

Cytoplasm

PTM / Processingⁱ

Molecule processing

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
ChainⁱPRO_0000153263	1 – 446	Glutamine synthetaseAdd BLAST		446

Proteomic databases

PRIDEⁱ	P0A039.

PRIDEⁱ

P0A039.

Interactionⁱ

Subunit structureⁱ

Oligomer of 12 subunits arranged in the form of two hexagons. In its feedback-inhibited form, interacts with TnrA in order to block its DNA-binding activity.By similarity

Structureⁱ

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P0A039.
SMRⁱ	P0A039.
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Family & Domainsⁱ

Region

Feature key	Position(s)	DescriptionActions	Graphical view	Length
Regionⁱ	242 – 243	L-glutamate bindingBy similarity		2

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.Curated

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000005156.
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K01915.
OMAⁱ	NIMTFRH.

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.10.20.70. 1 hit. 3.30.590.10. 1 hit.
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR008147. Gln_synt_b-grasp. IPR014746. Gln_synth/guanido_kin_cat_dom. IPR008146. Gln_synth_cat_dom. IPR027303. Gln_synth_gly_rich_site. IPR004809. Gln_synth_I. IPR027302. Gln_synth_N_conserv_site.
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00120. Gln-synt_C. 1 hit. PF03951. Gln-synt_N. 1 hit.
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM01230. Gln-synt_C. 1 hit.
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF54368. SSF54368. 1 hit.
TIGRFAMsⁱ	TIGR00653. GlnA. 1 hit.
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00180. GLNA_1. 1 hit. PS00181. GLNA_ATP. 1 hit.

Sequenceⁱ

Sequence statusⁱ: Complete.

P0A039-1 [UniParc]FASTA Add to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MPKRTFTKDD IRKFAEEENV RYLRLQFTDI LGTIKNVEVP VSQLEKVLDN 
        60         70         80         90        100
EMMFDGSSIE GFVRIEESDM YLHPDLDTWV IFPWTAGQGK VARLICDVYK 
       110        120        130        140        150
TDGTPFEGDP RANLKRVLKE MEDLGFTDFN LGPEPEFFLF KLDEKGEPTL 
       160        170        180        190        200
ELNDDGGYFD LAPTDLGENC RRDIVLELED MGFDIEASHH EVAPGQHEID 
       210        220        230        240        250
FKYADAVTAC DNIQTFKLVV KTIARKHNLH ATFMPKPLFG VNGSGMHFNV 
       260        270        280        290        300
SLFKGKENAF FDPNTEMGLT ETAYQFTAGV LKNARGFTAV CNPLVNSYKR 
       310        320        330        340        350
LVPGYEAPCY IAWSGKNRSP LIRVPSSRGL STRIEVRSVD PAANPYMALA 
       360        370        380        390        400
AILEAGLDGI KNKLKVPEPV NQNIYEMNRE EREAVGIQDL PSTLYTALKA 
       410        420        430        440 
MRENEVIKKA LGNHIYNQFI NSKSIEWDYY RTQVSEWERD QYMKQY

Length:446

Mass (Da):50,841

Last modified:February 15, 2005 - v1

Checksum:ⁱ81713EE654D7E7E6

GO

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	BA000033 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB95057.1.
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	WP_001126603.1. NC_003923.1.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblBacteriaⁱ	BAB95057; BAB95057; BAB95057.
GeneIDⁱ	31214070.
KEGGⁱ	sam:MW1192.
PATRICⁱ	19568980. VBIStaAur44266_1251.

Cross-referencesⁱ

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations: EMBLⁱ GenBankⁱ DDBJⁱ Links Updated	BA000033 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAB95057.1.
NCBI Reference Sequences More...RefSeqⁱ	WP_001126603.1. NC_003923.1.

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalⁱ	P0A039.
SMRⁱ	P0A039.
ModBaseⁱ	Search...
MobiDBⁱ	Search...

Proteomic databases

PRIDEⁱ	P0A039.

PRIDEⁱ

P0A039.

Protocols and materials databases

Structural Biology Knowledgebase	Search...

Structural Biology Knowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblBacteriaⁱ	BAB95057; BAB95057; BAB95057.
GeneIDⁱ	31214070.
KEGGⁱ	sam:MW1192.
PATRICⁱ	19568980. VBIStaAur44266_1251.

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOMⁱ	HOG000005156.
KEGG Orthology (KO) More...KOⁱ	K01915.
OMAⁱ	NIMTFRH.

Family and domain databases

Gene3Dⁱ	3.10.20.70. 1 hit. 3.30.590.10. 1 hit.
InterProⁱ	View protein in InterPro IPR008147. Gln_synt_b-grasp. IPR014746. Gln_synth/guanido_kin_cat_dom. IPR008146. Gln_synth_cat_dom. IPR027303. Gln_synth_gly_rich_site. IPR004809. Gln_synth_I. IPR027302. Gln_synth_N_conserv_site.
Pfam protein domain database More...Pfamⁱ	View protein in Pfam PF00120. Gln-synt_C. 1 hit. PF03951. Gln-synt_N. 1 hit.
SMARTⁱ	View protein in SMART SM01230. Gln-synt_C. 1 hit.
SUPFAMⁱ	SSF54368. SSF54368. 1 hit.
TIGRFAMsⁱ	TIGR00653. GlnA. 1 hit.
PROSITEⁱ	View protein in PROSITE PS00180. GLNA_1. 1 hit. PS00181. GLNA_ATP. 1 hit.
ProtoNetⁱ	Search...

Entry informationⁱ

Entry nameⁱ	GLN1A_STAAW
Accessionⁱ	P0A039Primary (citable) accession number: P0A039 Secondary accession number(s): Q59812
Entry historyⁱ	Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	February 15, 2005
	Last sequence update:	February 15, 2005
	Last modified:	May 10, 2017
	This is version 75 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusⁱ	Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation program	Prokaryotic Protein Annotation Program

Miscellaneousⁱ

Keywords - Technical termⁱ

Complete proteome

Documents

SIMILARITY comments
Index of protein domains and families

Similar proteinsⁱ

Links to similar proteins from the UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef) at 100%, 90% and 50% sequence identity:

100%	UniRef100 combines identical sequences and sub-fragments with 11 or more residues from any organism into one UniRef entry.
90%	UniRef90 is built by clustering UniRef100 sequences that have at least 90% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence (a.k.a seed sequence).
50%	UniRef50 is built by clustering UniRef90 seed sequences that have at least 50% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence in the cluster.

UniProtKB

UniParc

Help

UniRef

Proteomes

Annotation systems

Supporting data

UniProtKB - P0A039 (GLN1A_STAAW)

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Glutamine synthetase

Select a section on the left to see content.

<p>This section provides any useful information about the protein, mostly biological knowledge.<p><a href='/help/function_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Functioni

<p>This subsection of the ‘Function’ section describes an enzyme regulatory mechanism and reports the components which regulate (by activation or inhibition) the reaction.<p><a href='/help/enzyme_regulation' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Enzyme regulationi

Sites

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Molecular functioni

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Biological processi

<p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence.<p><a href='/help/names_and_taxonomy_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Names & Taxonomyi

<p>This section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell.<p><a href='/help/subcellular_location_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Subcellular locationi

<p>The <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)</a> project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories:<p><a href='/help/gene_ontology' target='_top'>More...</a></p>GO - Cellular componenti

<p>This section describes post-translational modifications (PTMs) and/or processing events.<p><a href='/help/ptm_processing_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Proteomic databases

<p>This section provides information on the quaternary structure of a protein and on interaction(s) with other proteins or protein complexes.<p><a href='/help/interaction_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Interactioni

<p>This section provides information on the tertiary and secondary structure of a protein.<p><a href='/help/structure_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Structurei

3D structure databases

<p>This section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain(s) present in a protein.<p><a href='/help/family_and_domains_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Family & Domainsi

Region

<p>This subsection of the ‘Family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins.<p><a href='/help/sequence_similarities' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequence similaritiesi

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry. It also includes information pertinent to the sequence(s), including length and molecular weight.<p><a href='/help/sequences_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Sequencei

Sequence databases

Genome annotation databases

<p>This section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than UniProtKB.<p><a href='/help/cross_references_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Cross-referencesi

Sequence databases

3D structure databases

Proteomic databases

Protocols and materials databases

Genome annotation databases

Phylogenomic databases

Family and domain databases

<p>This section provides general information on the entry.<p><a href='/help/entry_information_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Entry informationi

<p>This section contains any relevant information that doesn’t fit in any other defined sections<p><a href='/help/miscellaneous_section' target='_top'>More...</a></p>Miscellaneousi

Documents

Functionⁱ

Enzyme regulationⁱ

GO - Molecular functionⁱ

GO - Biological processⁱ

Names & Taxonomyⁱ

Subcellular locationⁱ

GO - Cellular componentⁱ

PTM / Processingⁱ

Interactionⁱ

Structureⁱ

Family & Domainsⁱ

Sequence similaritiesⁱ

Sequenceⁱ

Cross-referencesⁱ

Entry informationⁱ

Miscellaneousⁱ