ID PPBT_BOVIN Reviewed; 524 AA. AC P09487; Q17QS5; DT 01-JUL-1989, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-MAY-2007, sequence version 2. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 172. DE RecName: Full=Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme {ECO:0000303|PubMed:19098289}; DE Short=AP-TNAP; DE Short=TNAP {ECO:0000303|PubMed:19098289}; DE Short=TNSALP; DE EC=3.1.3.1 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}; DE AltName: Full=Alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney isozyme; DE AltName: Full=Phosphoamidase {ECO:0000305}; DE AltName: Full=Phosphocreatine phosphatase {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; DE EC=3.9.1.1 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; DE Flags: Precursor; GN Name=ALPL; OS Bos taurus (Bovine). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; OC Bovinae; Bos. OX NCBI_TaxID=9913; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RX PubMed=3436527; DOI=10.1016/0378-1119(87)90264-2; RA Garattini E., Hua J.-C., Udenfriend S.; RT "Cloning and sequencing of bovine kidney alkaline phosphatase cDNA."; RL Gene 59:41-46(1987). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC STRAIN=Hereford; TISSUE=Thalamus; RG NIH - Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project; RL Submitted (JUN-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [3] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 18-50. RX PubMed=3458202; DOI=10.1073/pnas.83.8.2368; RA Hua J.-C., Berger J., Pan Y.C.E., Hulmes J.D., Udenfriend S.; RT "Partial sequencing of human adult, human fetal, and bovine intestinal RT alkaline phosphatases: comparison with the human placental and liver RT isozymes."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:2368-2372(1986). RN [4] RP FUNCTION. RX PubMed=19098289; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m803205200; RA Price P.A., Toroian D., Chan W.S.; RT "Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase is required for the calcification RT of collagen in serum: a possible mechanism for biomineralization."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 284:4594-4604(2009). CC -!- FUNCTION: Alkaline phosphatase that metabolizes various phosphate CC compounds and plays a key role in skeletal mineralization and adaptive CC thermogenesis (By similarity). Has broad substrate specificity and can CC hydrolyze a considerable variety of compounds: however, only a few CC substrates, such as diphosphate (inorganic pyrophosphate; PPi), CC pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and N-phosphocreatine are natural CC substrates (By similarity). Plays an essential role in skeletal and CC dental mineralization via its ability to hydrolyze extracellular CC diphosphate, a potent mineralization inhibitor, to phosphate: it CC thereby promotes hydroxyapatite crystal formation and increases CC inorganic phosphate concentration (PubMed:19098289). Acts in a non- CC redundant manner with PHOSPHO1 in skeletal mineralization: while CC PHOSPHO1 mediates the initiation of hydroxyapatite crystallization in CC the matrix vesicles (MVs), ALPL/TNAP catalyzes the spread of CC hydroxyapatite crystallization in the extracellular matrix (By CC similarity). Also promotes dephosphorylation of osteopontin (SSP1), an CC inhibitor of hydroxyapatite crystallization in its phosphorylated CC state; it is however unclear whether ALPL/TNAP mediates SSP1 CC dephosphorylation via a direct or indirect manner (By similarity). CC Catalyzes dephosphorylation of PLP to pyridoxal (PL), the transportable CC form of vitamin B6, in order to provide a sufficient amount of PLP in CC the brain, an essential cofactor for enzymes catalyzing the synthesis CC of diverse neurotransmitters (By similarity). Additionally, also able CC to mediate ATP degradation in a stepwise manner to adenosine, thereby CC regulating the availability of ligands for purinergic receptors (By CC similarity). Also capable of dephosphorylating microbial products, such CC as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as well as other phosphorylated small- CC molecules, such as poly-inosine:cytosine (poly I:C) (By similarity). CC Acts as a key regulator of adaptive thermogenesis as part of the futile CC creatine cycle: localizes to the mitochondria of thermogenic fat cells CC and acts by mediating hydrolysis of N-phosphocreatine to initiate a CC futile cycle of creatine dephosphorylation and phosphorylation (By CC similarity). During the futile creatine cycle, creatine and N- CC phosphocreatine are in a futile cycle, which dissipates the high energy CC charge of N-phosphocreatine as heat without performing any mechanical CC or chemical work (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186, CC ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19098289}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=a phosphate monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:15017, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:30879, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, ChEBI:CHEBI:67140; EC=3.1.3.1; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242, ECO:0000255|PROSITE- CC ProRule:PRU10042}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:15018; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=diphosphate + H2O = H(+) + 2 phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:24576, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:43474; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:24577; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate = phosphate + pyridoxal; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:20533, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:17310, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, ChEBI:CHEBI:597326; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:20534; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + phosphoethanolamine = ethanolamine + phosphate; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:16089, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57603, ChEBI:CHEBI:58190; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:16090; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=H2O + N-phosphocreatine = creatine + phosphate; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:12977, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57947, ChEBI:CHEBI:58092; EC=3.9.1.1; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:12978; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=ATP + H2O = ADP + H(+) + phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:13065, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:13066; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=ADP + H2O = AMP + H(+) + phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61436, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:456215, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61437; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=AMP + H2O = adenosine + phosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:29375, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:16335, ChEBI:CHEBI:43474, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:29376; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187}; CC Note=Binds 1 Mg(2+) ion. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187}; CC Note=Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Ca(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29108; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}; CC -!- ACTIVITY REGULATION: Phosphatase activity is specifically inhibited by CC 5-((5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)sulfonamido)nicotinamide (SBI-425). CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}; CC Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}. Extracellular CC vesicle membrane {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; Lipid-anchor, GPI- CC anchor {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}. Mitochondrion membrane CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}. Mitochondrion intermembrane space CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}. Note=Localizes to special class of CC extracellular vesicles, named matrix vesicles (MVs), which are released CC by osteogenic cells. Localizes to the mitochondria of thermogenic fat CC cells: tethered to mitochondrial membranes via a GPI-anchor and CC probably resides in the mitochondrion intermembrane space. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242}. CC -!- DOMAIN: Calcium-binding is structural and does not influence the CC alkaline phosphatase activity. At very high concentrations, calcium can CC however substitute for zinc at zinc-binding sites, leading to strongly CC reduced enzyme activity. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}. CC -!- PTM: N-glycosylated. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; M18443; AAA30380.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC118208; AAI18209.1; -; mRNA. DR PIR; A29600; A29600. DR RefSeq; NP_789828.2; NM_176858.2. DR AlphaFoldDB; P09487; -. DR SMR; P09487; -. DR STRING; 9913.ENSBTAP00000067523; -. DR BindingDB; P09487; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL2406894; -. DR DrugCentral; P09487; -. DR GlyCosmos; P09487; 5 sites, No reported glycans. DR PaxDb; 9913-ENSBTAP00000011783; -. DR Ensembl; ENSBTAT00000011783.6; ENSBTAP00000011783.5; ENSBTAG00000008951.6. DR Ensembl; ENSBTAT00000066596.1; ENSBTAP00000065772.1; ENSBTAG00000008951.6. DR Ensembl; ENSBTAT00000071091.1; ENSBTAP00000063499.1; ENSBTAG00000008951.6. DR Ensembl; ENSBTAT00000071575.1; ENSBTAP00000067523.1; ENSBTAG00000008951.6. DR GeneID; 280994; -. DR KEGG; bta:280994; -. DR CTD; 249; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSBTAG00000008951; -. DR VGNC; VGNC:25850; ALPL. DR eggNOG; KOG4126; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00950000183063; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_008539_4_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; P09487; -. DR OMA; LRYETHG; -. DR TreeFam; TF323513; -. DR BRENDA; 3.1.3.1; 908. DR Reactome; R-BTA-163125; Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins. DR PRO; PR:P09487; -. DR Proteomes; UP000009136; Chromosome 2. DR Bgee; ENSBTAG00000008951; Expressed in olfactory segment of nasal mucosa and 104 other cell types or tissues. DR GO; GO:0031012; C:extracellular matrix; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0065010; C:extracellular membrane-bounded organelle; IDA:AgBase. DR GO; GO:0005758; C:mitochondrial intermembrane space; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0031966; C:mitochondrial membrane; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0098552; C:side of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0043262; F:ADP phosphatase activity; IEA:RHEA. DR GO; GO:0004035; F:alkaline phosphatase activity; IDA:MGI. DR GO; GO:0016887; F:ATP hydrolysis activity; IEA:RHEA. DR GO; GO:0005509; F:calcium ion binding; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0004427; F:inorganic diphosphate phosphatase activity; IEA:RHEA. DR GO; GO:0050187; F:phosphoamidase activity; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0052732; F:phosphoethanolamine phosphatase activity; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0033883; F:pyridoxal phosphatase activity; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0016462; F:pyrophosphatase activity; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0031214; P:biomineral tissue development; IDA:AgBase. DR GO; GO:0030282; P:bone mineralization; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0055074; P:calcium ion homeostasis; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0019725; P:cellular homeostasis; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0071407; P:cellular response to organic cyclic compound; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0016311; P:dephosphorylation; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0003006; P:developmental process involved in reproduction; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0001958; P:endochondral ossification; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0140651; P:futile creatine cycle; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0140928; P:inhibition of non-skeletal tissue mineralization; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0055062; P:phosphate ion homeostasis; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0120162; P:positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0042822; P:pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0046677; P:response to antibiotic; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:1904383; P:response to sodium phosphate; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0034516; P:response to vitamin B6; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0033280; P:response to vitamin D; IEA:Ensembl. DR CDD; cd16012; ALP; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.40.720.10; Alkaline Phosphatase, subunit A; 1. DR InterPro; IPR001952; Alkaline_phosphatase. DR InterPro; IPR018299; Alkaline_phosphatase_AS. DR InterPro; IPR017850; Alkaline_phosphatase_core_sf. DR PANTHER; PTHR11596; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11596:SF74; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE, TISSUE-NONSPECIFIC ISOZYME; 1. DR Pfam; PF00245; Alk_phosphatase; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00113; ALKPHPHTASE. DR SMART; SM00098; alkPPc; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF53649; Alkaline phosphatase-like; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00123; ALKALINE_PHOSPHATASE; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Biomineralization; Calcium; Cell membrane; Direct protein sequencing; KW Disulfide bond; Glycoprotein; GPI-anchor; Hydrolase; Lipoprotein; KW Magnesium; Membrane; Metal-binding; Mitochondrion; Phosphoprotein; KW Reference proteome; Signal; Zinc. FT SIGNAL 1..17 FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:3458202" FT CHAIN 18..499 FT /note="Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme" FT /id="PRO_0000024019" FT PROPEP 500..524 FT /note="Removed in mature form" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT /id="PRO_0000024020" FT ACT_SITE 110 FT /note="Phosphoserine intermediate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187, FT ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10042" FT BINDING 60 FT /ligand="Mg(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT BINDING 60 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT BINDING 110 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT BINDING 173 FT /ligand="Mg(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT BINDING 235 FT /ligand="Ca(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186" FT BINDING 290 FT /ligand="Ca(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186" FT BINDING 291 FT /ligand="Ca(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186" FT BINDING 306 FT /ligand="Ca(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29108" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05186" FT BINDING 332 FT /ligand="Mg(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT BINDING 337 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT BINDING 341 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT BINDING 378 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT BINDING 379 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT BINDING 454 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /ligand_label="2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT MOD_RES 110 FT /note="Phosphoserine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09242" FT LIPID 499 FT /note="GPI-anchor amidated serine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 140 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 230 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 271 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 303 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT CARBOHYD 430 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT DISULFID 139..201 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT DISULFID 489..497 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05187" FT CONFLICT 210 FT /note="H -> Y (in Ref. 1; AAA30380)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 475 FT /note="H -> Q (in Ref. 1; AAA30380)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 524 AA; 57193 MW; 21A66F10E8ADDFC2 CRC64; MISPFLLLAI GTCFASSLVP EKEKDPKYWR DQAQQTLKNA LRLQTLNTNV AKNVIMFLGD GMGVSTVTAA RILKGQLHHS PGEETKLEMD KFPYVALSKT YNTNAQVPDS AGTATAYLCG VKANEGTVGV SAATQRSQCN TTQGNEVTSI LRWAKDAGKS VGIVTTTRVN HATPSASYAH SADRDWYSDN EMPPEALSQG CKDIAYQLMH NIKDIEVIMG GGRKYMFPKN RTDVEYELDE KARGTRLDGL NLIDIWKSFK PKHKHSHYVW NRTDLLALDP HSVDYLLGLF EPGDMQYELN RNNATDPSLS EMVEMAIRIL NKNPKGFFLL VEGGRIDHGH HEGKAKQALH EAVEMDQAIG QAGAMTSVED TLTVVTADHS HVFTFGGYTP RGNSIFGLAP MVSDTDKKPF TAILYGNGPG YKVVGGEREN VSMVDYAHNN YQAQSAVPLR HETHGGEDVA VFAKGPMAHL LHGVHEQNYI PHVMAYAACI GANRDHCASA SSSGSPSPGP LLLLLALLPL GSLF //