ID GAL7_ECOLI Reviewed; 348 AA. AC P09148; P78270; DT 01-JUL-1989, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-NOV-1997, sequence version 2. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 191. DE RecName: Full=Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; DE Short=Gal-1-P uridylyltransferase; DE EC=2.7.7.12 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10529216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011, ECO:0000269|PubMed:321007}; DE AltName: Full=UDP-glucose--hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; GN Name=galT; Synonyms=galB; OrderedLocusNames=b0758, JW0741; OS Escherichia coli (strain K12). OC Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; OC Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia. OX NCBI_TaxID=83333; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=3022232; DOI=10.1093/nar/14.19.7705; RA Lemaire H.-G., Mueller-Hill B.; RT "Nucleotide sequences of the gal E gene and the gal T gene of E. coli."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 14:7705-7711(1986). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=K12 / W3110 / ATCC 27325 / DSM 5911; RX PubMed=8905232; DOI=10.1093/dnares/3.3.137; RA Oshima T., Aiba H., Baba T., Fujita K., Hayashi K., Honjo A., Ikemoto K., RA Inada T., Itoh T., Kajihara M., Kanai K., Kashimoto K., Kimura S., RA Kitagawa M., Makino K., Masuda S., Miki T., Mizobuchi K., Mori H., RA Motomura K., Nakamura Y., Nashimoto H., Nishio Y., Saito N., Sampei G., RA Seki Y., Tagami H., Takemoto K., Wada C., Yamamoto Y., Yano M., RA Horiuchi T.; RT "A 718-kb DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome corresponding to RT the 12.7-28.0 min region on the linkage map."; RL DNA Res. 3:137-155(1996). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=K12 / MG1655 / ATCC 47076; RX PubMed=9278503; DOI=10.1126/science.277.5331.1453; RA Blattner F.R., Plunkett G. III, Bloch C.A., Perna N.T., Burland V., RA Riley M., Collado-Vides J., Glasner J.D., Rode C.K., Mayhew G.F., RA Gregor J., Davis N.W., Kirkpatrick H.A., Goeden M.A., Rose D.J., Mau B., RA Shao Y.; RT "The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12."; RL Science 277:1453-1462(1997). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=K12 / W3110 / ATCC 27325 / DSM 5911; RX PubMed=16738553; DOI=10.1038/msb4100049; RA Hayashi K., Morooka N., Yamamoto Y., Fujita K., Isono K., Choi S., RA Ohtsubo E., Baba T., Wanner B.L., Mori H., Horiuchi T.; RT "Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 RT and W3110."; RL Mol. Syst. Biol. 2:E1-E5(2006). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 294-348. RX PubMed=3158881; DOI=10.1093/nar/13.6.1841; RA Debouck C., Riccio A., Schumperli D., McKenney K., Jeffers J., Hughes C., RA Rosenberg M., Heusterspreute M., Brunel F., Davison J.; RT "Structure of the galactokinase gene of Escherichia coli, the last (?) gene RT of the gal operon."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 13:1841-1853(1985). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 27-38. RX PubMed=2823224; DOI=10.1093/nar/15.19.8116; RA Cornwell T.L., Adhya S.L., Reznikoff W.S., Frey P.A.; RT "The nucleotide sequence of the gal T gene of Escherichia coli."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 15:8116-8116(1987). RN [7] RP CHARACTERIZATION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=321007; DOI=10.1021/bi00624a032; RA Wong L.J., Sheu K.F., Lee S.L., Frey P.A.; RT "Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase: isolation and properties of a RT uridylyl-enzyme intermediate."; RL Biochemistry 16:1010-1016(1977). RN [8] RP CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, COFACTOR, AND MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-52; CYS-55; HIS-115; RP HIS-164 AND GLU-182. RX PubMed=10529216; DOI=10.1021/bi9910631; RA Geeganage S., Frey P.A.; RT "Significance of metal ions in galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase: RT an essential structural zinc and a nonessential structural iron."; RL Biochemistry 38:13398-13406(1999). RN [9] RP CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, KINETIC PARAMETERS, AND MUTAGENESIS OF CYS-160 AND RP SER-161. RX PubMed=10820011; DOI=10.1021/bi992594s; RA Geeganage S., Ling V.W., Frey P.A.; RT "Roles of two conserved amino acid residues in the active site of RT galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase: an essential serine and a RT nonessential cysteine."; RL Biochemistry 39:5397-5404(2000). RN [10] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.86 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH IRON; RP URIDINE-5'-MONOPHOSPHATE AND ZINC, AND ACTIVE SITE HIS-166. RX PubMed=8794735; DOI=10.1021/bi9612677; RA Wedekind J.E., Frey P.A., Rayment I.; RT "The structure of nucleotidylated histidine-166 of galactose-1-phosphate RT uridylyltransferase provides insight into phosphoryl group transfer."; RL Biochemistry 35:11560-11569(1996). RN [11] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.8 ANGSTROMS). RX PubMed=7669762; DOI=10.1021/bi00035a010; RA Wedekind J.E., Frey P.A., Rayment I.; RT "Three-dimensional structure of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase RT from Escherichia coli at 1.8-A resolution."; RL Biochemistry 34:11049-11061(1995). RN [12] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.8 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEX WITH IRON; RP UDP-ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE AND ZINC, MUTAGENESIS OF HIS-166, AND ACTIVE SITE. RX PubMed=9063869; DOI=10.1021/bi9626517; RA Thoden J.B., Ruzicka F.J., Frey P.A., Rayment I., Holden H.M.; RT "Structural analysis of the H166G site-directed mutant of galactose-1- RT phosphate uridylyltransferase complexed with either UDP-glucose or UDP- RT galactose: detailed description of the nucleotide sugar binding site."; RL Biochemistry 36:1212-1222(1997). CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = alpha-D- CC glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-galactose; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:13989, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58336, ChEBI:CHEBI:58601, ChEBI:CHEBI:58885, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:66914; EC=2.7.7.12; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10529216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:321007}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=Zn(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:29105; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:10529216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869}; CC Note=Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit. Zinc binding seems to play a CC structural role. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10529216, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869}; CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=0.2 mM for uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011}; CC KM=0.303 mM for galactose-1-phosphate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011}; CC KM=0.121 mM for uridine 5'-diphosphate galactose CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011}; CC KM=0.157 mM for glucose-1-phosphate {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011}; CC Vmax=180 umol/min/mg enzyme {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Carbohydrate metabolism; galactose metabolism. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Iron binding is not required for protein folding or CC enzyme activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase CC type 1 family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; X06226; CAA29574.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; U00096; AAC73845.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AP009048; BAA35420.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; X02306; CAA26171.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR PIR; S00722; XNECUD. DR RefSeq; NP_415279.1; NC_000913.3. DR RefSeq; WP_000191497.1; NZ_SSZK01000002.1. DR PDB; 1GUP; X-ray; 1.80 A; A/B/C/D=1-348. DR PDB; 1GUQ; X-ray; 1.80 A; A/B/C/D=1-348. DR PDB; 1HXP; X-ray; 1.80 A; A/B=1-348. DR PDB; 1HXQ; X-ray; 1.86 A; A/B=1-348. DR PDBsum; 1GUP; -. DR PDBsum; 1GUQ; -. DR PDBsum; 1HXP; -. DR PDBsum; 1HXQ; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; P09148; -. DR SMR; P09148; -. DR BioGRID; 4261703; 397. DR DIP; DIP-9735N; -. DR IntAct; P09148; 1. DR STRING; 511145.b0758; -. DR DrugBank; DB01861; Uridine diphosphate glucose. DR DrugBank; DB03685; Uridine monophosphate. DR DrugBank; DB03435; Uridine-5'-Diphosphate. DR jPOST; P09148; -. DR PaxDb; 511145-b0758; -. DR EnsemblBacteria; AAC73845; AAC73845; b0758. DR GeneID; 945357; -. DR KEGG; ecj:JW0741; -. DR KEGG; eco:b0758; -. DR PATRIC; fig|1411691.4.peg.1520; -. DR EchoBASE; EB0361; -. DR eggNOG; COG1085; Bacteria. DR HOGENOM; CLU_029960_0_0_6; -. DR InParanoid; P09148; -. DR OMA; CFENRGA; -. DR OrthoDB; 9769064at2; -. DR PhylomeDB; P09148; -. DR BioCyc; EcoCyc:GALACTURIDYLYLTRANS-MONOMER; -. DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:GALACTURIDYLYLTRANS-MONOMER; -. DR BRENDA; 2.7.7.12; 2026. DR SABIO-RK; P09148; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00214; -. DR EvolutionaryTrace; P09148; -. DR PRO; PR:P09148; -. DR Proteomes; UP000000318; Chromosome. DR Proteomes; UP000000625; Chromosome. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IDA:EcoCyc. DR GO; GO:0008198; F:ferrous iron binding; IDA:EcoCyc. DR GO; GO:0004335; F:galactokinase activity; IMP:CACAO. DR GO; GO:0008108; F:UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity; IDA:EcoCyc. DR GO; GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IDA:EcoCyc. DR GO; GO:0033499; P:galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose; IMP:EcoCyc. DR CDD; cd00608; GalT; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.30.428.10; HIT-like; 2. DR InterPro; IPR001937; GalP_UDPtransf1. DR InterPro; IPR019779; GalP_UDPtransf1_His-AS. DR InterPro; IPR005850; GalP_Utransf_C. DR InterPro; IPR005849; GalP_Utransf_N. DR InterPro; IPR036265; HIT-like_sf. DR NCBIfam; TIGR00209; galT_1; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11943; GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11943:SF1; GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; 1. DR Pfam; PF02744; GalP_UDP_tr_C; 1. DR Pfam; PF01087; GalP_UDP_transf; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF000808; GalT; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF54197; HIT-like; 2. DR PROSITE; PS00117; GAL_P_UDP_TRANSF_I; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Carbohydrate metabolism; Galactose metabolism; Iron; KW Metal-binding; Nucleotidyltransferase; Reference proteome; Transferase; KW Zinc. FT CHAIN 1..348 FT /note="Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase" FT /id="PRO_0000169894" FT ACT_SITE 166 FT /note="Tele-UMP-histidine intermediate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10033, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869" FT BINDING 28..31 FT /ligand="UDP-alpha-D-glucose" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58885" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ" FT BINDING 52 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1HXQ" FT BINDING 55 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1HXQ" FT BINDING 61 FT /ligand="UDP-alpha-D-glucose" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58885" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /note="in other chain" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ" FT BINDING 77..78 FT /ligand="UDP-alpha-D-glucose" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58885" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /note="in other chain" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ" FT BINDING 115 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1HXQ" FT BINDING 153 FT /ligand="UDP-alpha-D-glucose" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58885" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /note="in other chain" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ" FT BINDING 159..161 FT /ligand="UDP-alpha-D-glucose" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58885" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /note="in other chain" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ" FT BINDING 164 FT /ligand="Zn(2+)" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:29105" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1HXQ" FT BINDING 168 FT /ligand="UDP-alpha-D-glucose" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58885" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /note="in other chain" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ" FT BINDING 182 FT /ligand="Fe cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1HXQ" FT BINDING 281 FT /ligand="Fe cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1HXQ" FT BINDING 296 FT /ligand="Fe cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1HXQ" FT BINDING 298 FT /ligand="Fe cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:24875" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:8794735, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1HXQ" FT BINDING 311..312 FT /ligand="UDP-alpha-D-glucose" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58885" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ" FT BINDING 316..317 FT /ligand="UDP-alpha-D-glucose" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58885" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ" FT BINDING 323 FT /ligand="UDP-alpha-D-glucose" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58885" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /note="in other chain" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:1GUQ" FT MUTAGEN 52 FT /note="C->S: Decreases enzyme activity 3000-fold." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10529216" FT MUTAGEN 55 FT /note="C->S: Decreases enzyme activity 600-fold." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10529216" FT MUTAGEN 115 FT /note="H->N: Decreases enzyme activity by 98%." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10529216" FT MUTAGEN 160 FT /note="C->S,A: Slight inhibition of enzymatic activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011" FT MUTAGEN 161 FT /note="S->A: 7000-fold reduction in specific activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10820011" FT MUTAGEN 164 FT /note="H->N: Decreases enzyme activity 10000-fold." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10529216" FT MUTAGEN 166 FT /note="H->G: Abolishes enzymatic activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:9063869" FT MUTAGEN 182 FT /note="E->A: Decreases enzyme activity by about 50%. FT Abolishes iron binding, but has no effect on zinc binding." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:10529216" FT CONFLICT 29..31 FT /note="AKR -> LS (in Ref. 1; CAA29574)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TURN 6..8 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 11..14 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT TURN 16..18 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 21..24 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 28..30 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 73..76 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 95..97 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 99..101 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 104..111 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 119..121 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 124..144 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 146..155 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 156..158 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 164..174 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 177..193 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 197..208 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 212..215 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 217..222 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 233..239 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 244..246 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 249..270 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 276..281 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 285..288 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 296..300 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 305..308 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 316..319 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT STRAND 323..326 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 328..336 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" FT HELIX 343..346 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1GUP" SQ SEQUENCE 348 AA; 39646 MW; 3D55D2CB38D8C9A2 CRC64; MTQFNPVDHP HRRYNPLTGQ WILVSPHRAK RPWQGAQETP AKQVLPAHDP DCFLCAGNVR VTGDKNPDYT GTYVFTNDFA ALMSDTPDAP ESHDPLMRCQ SARGTSRVIC FSPDHSKTLP ELSVAALTEI VKTWQEQTAE LGKTYPWVQV FENKGAAMGC SNPHPHGQIW ANSFLPNEAE REDRLQKEYF AEQKSPMLVD YVQRELADGS RTVVETEHWL AVVPYWAAWP FETLLLPKAH VLRITDLTDA QRSDLALALK KLTSRYDNLF QCSFPYSMGW HGAPFNGEEN QHWQLHAHFY PPLLRSATVR KFMVGYEMLA ETQRDLTAEQ AAERLRAVSD IHFRESGV //