ID   DSK_DROME               Reviewed;         141 AA.
AC   P09040; B2ZB94; Q8MYU9; Q9VMY4;
DT   01-NOV-1988, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   15-AUG-2003, sequence version 2.
DT   07-JUL-2009, entry version 91.
DE   RecName: Full=Drosulfakinins;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Drosulfakinin-0;
DE              Short=DSK-0;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Drosulfakinin-1;
DE     AltName: Full=Drosulfakinin I;
DE              Short=DSK-I;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Drosulfakinin-2;
DE     AltName: Full=Drosulfakinin II;
DE              Short=DSK-II;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=Dsk; ORFNames=CG18090;
OS   Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota;
OC   Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha;
OC   Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=7227;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RC   STRAIN=Canton-S;
RX   MEDLINE=88314994; PubMed=2842322;
RA   Nichols R., Schneuwly S.A., Dixon J.E.;
RT   "Identification and characterization of a Drosophila homologue to the
RT   vertebrate neuropeptide cholecystokinin.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 263:12167-12170(1988).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RA   Ke F.;
RT   "A molecular phylogeny for the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup.";
RL   Submitted (APR-2008) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=Berkeley;
RX   MEDLINE=20196006; PubMed=10731132; DOI=10.1126/science.287.5461.2185;
RA   Adams M.D., Celniker S.E., Holt R.A., Evans C.A., Gocayne J.D.,
RA   Amanatides P.G., Scherer S.E., Li P.W., Hoskins R.A., Galle R.F.,
RA   George R.A., Lewis S.E., Richards S., Ashburner M., Henderson S.N.,
RA   Sutton G.G., Wortman J.R., Yandell M.D., Zhang Q., Chen L.X.,
RA   Brandon R.C., Rogers Y.-H.C., Blazej R.G., Champe M., Pfeiffer B.D.,
RA   Wan K.H., Doyle C., Baxter E.G., Helt G., Nelson C.R., Miklos G.L.G.,
RA   Abril J.F., Agbayani A., An H.-J., Andrews-Pfannkoch C., Baldwin D.,
RA   Ballew R.M., Basu A., Baxendale J., Bayraktaroglu L., Beasley E.M.,
RA   Beeson K.Y., Benos P.V., Berman B.P., Bhandari D., Bolshakov S.,
RA   Borkova D., Botchan M.R., Bouck J., Brokstein P., Brottier P.,
RA   Burtis K.C., Busam D.A., Butler H., Cadieu E., Center A., Chandra I.,
RA   Cherry J.M., Cawley S., Dahlke C., Davenport L.B., Davies P.,
RA   de Pablos B., Delcher A., Deng Z., Mays A.D., Dew I., Dietz S.M.,
RA   Dodson K., Doup L.E., Downes M., Dugan-Rocha S., Dunkov B.C., Dunn P.,
RA   Durbin K.J., Evangelista C.C., Ferraz C., Ferriera S., Fleischmann W.,
RA   Fosler C., Gabrielian A.E., Garg N.S., Gelbart W.M., Glasser K.,
RA   Glodek A., Gong F., Gorrell J.H., Gu Z., Guan P., Harris M.,
RA   Harris N.L., Harvey D.A., Heiman T.J., Hernandez J.R., Houck J.,
RA   Hostin D., Houston K.A., Howland T.J., Wei M.-H., Ibegwam C.,
RA   Jalali M., Kalush F., Karpen G.H., Ke Z., Kennison J.A., Ketchum K.A.,
RA   Kimmel B.E., Kodira C.D., Kraft C.L., Kravitz S., Kulp D., Lai Z.,
RA   Lasko P., Lei Y., Levitsky A.A., Li J.H., Li Z., Liang Y., Lin X.,
RA   Liu X., Mattei B., McIntosh T.C., McLeod M.P., McPherson D.,
RA   Merkulov G., Milshina N.V., Mobarry C., Morris J., Moshrefi A.,
RA   Mount S.M., Moy M., Murphy B., Murphy L., Muzny D.M., Nelson D.L.,
RA   Nelson D.R., Nelson K.A., Nixon K., Nusskern D.R., Pacleb J.M.,
RA   Palazzolo M., Pittman G.S., Pan S., Pollard J., Puri V., Reese M.G.,
RA   Reinert K., Remington K., Saunders R.D.C., Scheeler F., Shen H.,
RA   Shue B.C., Siden-Kiamos I., Simpson M., Skupski M.P., Smith T.J.,
RA   Spier E., Spradling A.C., Stapleton M., Strong R., Sun E.,
RA   Svirskas R., Tector C., Turner R., Venter E., Wang A.H., Wang X.,
RA   Wang Z.-Y., Wassarman D.A., Weinstock G.M., Weissenbach J.,
RA   Williams S.M., Woodage T., Worley K.C., Wu D., Yang S., Yao Q.A.,
RA   Ye J., Yeh R.-F., Zaveri J.S., Zhan M., Zhang G., Zhao Q., Zheng L.,
RA   Zheng X.H., Zhong F.N., Zhong W., Zhou X., Zhu S.C., Zhu X.,
RA   Smith H.O., Gibbs R.A., Myers E.W., Rubin G.M., Venter J.C.;
RT   "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster.";
RL   Science 287:2185-2195(2000).
RN   [4]
RP   GENOME REANNOTATION.
RX   MEDLINE=22426069; PubMed=12537572;
RA   Misra S., Crosby M.A., Mungall C.J., Matthews B.B., Campbell K.S.,
RA   Hradecky P., Huang Y., Kaminker J.S., Millburn G.H., Prochnik S.E.,
RA   Smith C.D., Tupy J.L., Whitfield E.J., Bayraktaroglu L., Berman B.P.,
RA   Bettencourt B.R., Celniker S.E., de Grey A.D.N.J., Drysdale R.A.,
RA   Harris N.L., Richter J., Russo S., Schroeder A.J., Shu S.Q.,
RA   Stapleton M., Yamada C., Ashburner M., Gelbart W.M., Rubin G.M.,
RA   Lewis S.E.;
RT   "Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a
RT   systematic review.";
RL   Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0083.1-RESEARCH0083.22(2002).
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=Berkeley; TISSUE=Head;
RX   MEDLINE=22426066; PubMed=12537569;
RA   Stapleton M., Carlson J.W., Brokstein P., Yu C., Champe M.,
RA   George R.A., Guarin H., Kronmiller B., Pacleb J.M., Park S., Wan K.H.,
RA   Rubin G.M., Celniker S.E.;
RT   "A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource.";
RL   Genome Biol. 3:RESEARCH0080.1-RESEARCH0080.8(2002).
RN   [6]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 126-139, SULFATION AT TYR-134, AND AMIDATION.
RC   TISSUE=Larva;
RX   MEDLINE=22287343; PubMed=12171930; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M206257200;
RA   Baggerman G., Cerstiaens A., De Loof A., Schoofs L.;
RT   "Peptidomics of the larval Drosophila melanogaster central nervous
RT   system.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 277:40368-40374(2002).
RN   [7]
RP   TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX   PubMed=8350979; DOI=10.1016/0143-4179(93)90002-R;
RA   Tibbetts M.F., Nichols R.;
RT   "Immunocytochemistry of sequence-related neuropeptides in
RT   Drosophila.";
RL   Neuropeptides 24:321-325(1993).
RN   [8]
RP   TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX   PubMed=8581950; DOI=10.1007/s004410050518;
RA   Nichols R., Lim I.A.;
RT   "Spatial and temporal immunocytochemical analysis of drosulfakinin
RT   (Dsk) gene products in the Drosophila melanogaster central nervous
RT   system.";
RL   Cell Tissue Res. 283:107-116(1996).
RN   [9]
RP   FUNCTION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RC   STRAIN=Oregon-R;
RX   PubMed=17632121; DOI=10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.06.001;
RA   Palmer G.C., Tran T., Duttlinger A., Nichols R.;
RT   "The drosulfakinin 0 (DSK 0) peptide encoded in the conserved Dsk gene
RT   affects adult Drosophila melanogaster crop contractions.";
RL   J. Insect Physiol. 53:1125-1133(2007).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Drosulfakinin-0 (DSK 0) plays diverse biological roles
CC       including regulating gut muscle contraction in adults but not in
CC       larvae.
CC   -!- INTERACTION:
CC       Q9VK39:CG9928-RA; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-135576, EBI-135588;
CC       Q9V9L4:Ptr; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-135576, EBI-174538;
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in larval brain tissue localizing to
CC       cells in the anterior and medial protocerebrum. Expressed in cells
CC       in the brain lobe, optic lobe, subesophageal ganglion, thoracic
CC       ganglia and the eighth abdominal neuromere. Drosulfakinin-0 is
CC       expressed in the central nervous system including the
CC       subesophageal ganglion and an abdominal ganglion.
CC   -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed at all developmental stages.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family.
CC   -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC       Sequence=AAB03703.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=10;
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DR   EMBL; J03957; AAB03703.1; ALT_FRAME; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; EU635459; ACC99368.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AE014297; AAF52173.2; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AY113595; AAM29600.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; A31101; A31101.
DR   RefSeq; NP_524845.2; -.
DR   UniGene; Dm.20555; -.
DR   DIP; DIP:19456N; -.
DR   IntAct; P09040; 3.
DR   Ensembl; FBgn0000500; Drosophila melanogaster.
DR   GeneID; 45845; -.
DR   KEGG; dme:Dmel_CG18090; -.
DR   NMPDR; fig|7227.3.peg.5658; -.
DR   FlyBase; FBgn0000500; Dsk.
DR   HOGENOM; P09040; -.
DR   OMA; P09040; DDQFDDY.
DR   BioCyc; DMEL-XXX-02:DMEL-XXX-02-009851-MON; -.
DR   NextBio; 838409; -.
DR   ArrayExpress; P09040; -.
DR   GermOnline; CG18090; Drosophila melanogaster.
DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0005184; F:neuropeptide hormone activity; TAS:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0007218; P:neuropeptide signaling pathway; NAS:FlyBase.
DR   GO; GO:0006939; P:smooth muscle contraction; IMP:UniProtKB.
DR   InterPro; IPR013152; Gastrin/cholecystokinin_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR013259; Sulfakinin.
DR   Pfam; PF08257; Sulfakinin; 2.
DR   PROSITE; PS00259; GASTRIN; 2.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Amidation; Cleavage on pair of basic residues; Complete proteome;
KW   Direct protein sequencing; Hormone; Neuropeptide; Secreted; Signal;
KW   Sulfation.
FT   SIGNAL        1     33       Potential.
FT   PROPEP       34     73
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000010666.
FT   PEPTIDE      76     82       Drosulfakinin-0 (Potential).
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000010667.
FT   PROPEP       86    111
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000010668.
FT   PEPTIDE     114    122       Drosulfakinin-1 (Potential).
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000010669.
FT   PEPTIDE     126    139       Drosulfakinin-2.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000010670.
FT   MOD_RES      82     82       Phenylalanine amide (Potential).
FT   MOD_RES     117    117       Sulfotyrosine (Potential).
FT   MOD_RES     122    122       Phenylalanine amide (Potential).
FT   MOD_RES     134    134       Sulfotyrosine.
FT   MOD_RES     139    139       Phenylalanine amide.
SQ   SEQUENCE   141 AA;  16151 MW;  496AD66494696C88 CRC64;
     MGPRSCTHFA TLFMPLWALA FCFLVVLPIP AQTTSLQNAK DDRRLQELES KIGGEIDQPI
     ANLVGPSFSL FGDRRNQKTM SFGRRVPLIS RPIIPIELDL LMDNDDERTK AKRFDDYGHM
     RFGKRGGDDQ FDDYGHMRFG R
//