P07936 (NEUM_RAT) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Neuromodulin

Alternative name(s):
Axonal membrane protein GAP-43
Growth-associated protein 43
Protein F1

Gene names

Name:

Gap43

Organism

Rattus norvegicus (Rat)

Taxonomic identifier

10116 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Glires › Rodentia › Sciurognathi › Muroidea › Muridae › Murinae › Rattus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	226 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	This protein is associated with nerve growth. It is a major component of the motile "growth cones" that form the tips of elongating axons. Plays a role in axonal and dendritic filopodia induction By similarity.
Subunit structure	Identified in a complex containing FGFR4, NCAM1, CDH2, PLCG1, FRS2, SRC, SHC1, GAP43 and CTTN By similarity. Binds calmodulin with a greater affinity in the absence of Ca2+ than in its presence By similarity.
Subcellular location	Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cell projection › growth cone membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cell junction › synapse. Cell projection › filopodium membrane; Peripheral membrane protein By similarity. Note: Cytoplasmic surface of growth cone and synaptic plasma membranes.
Post-translational modification	Palmitoylation by ARF6 is essential for plasma membrane association and axonal and dendritic filopodia induction By similarity. Phosphorylated at Ser-41 by PHK. Phosphorylation of this protein by a protein kinase C is specifically correlated with certain forms of synaptic plasticity. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.9
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the neuromodulin family. Contains 1 IQ domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Differentiation Growth regulation Neurogenesis
Cellular component	Cell junction Cell membrane Cell projection Membrane Synapse
Ligand	Calmodulin-binding
Molecular function	Developmental protein
PTM	Lipoprotein Palmitate Phosphoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	regulation of growth Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW tissue regeneration Inferred from expression pattern. Source: RGD
Cellular component	cell junction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW filopodium membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell growth cone membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell synapse Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	calmodulin binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 226	226	Neuromodulin		PRO_0000159599
Regions
	Domain	31 – 60	30	IQ
	Region	1 – 4	4	Important for membrane binding By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	41	1	Phosphoserine; by PHK and PKC Ref.7 Ref.8
	Modified residue	95	1	Phosphothreonine By similarity
	Modified residue	96	1	Phosphoserine Ref.7
	Modified residue	103	1	Phosphoserine By similarity
	Modified residue	172	1	Phosphothreonine Ref.7 Ref.9
	Modified residue	191	1	Phosphoserine; by CK2 By similarity
	Modified residue	192	1	Phosphoserine; by CK2 By similarity
	Lipidation	3	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine By similarity
	Lipidation	4	1	S-palmitoyl cysteine By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P07936 [UniParc]. Last modified August 1, 1988. Version 1. Checksum: 1314B2CDC61DB746	FASTA	226	23,603
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MLCCMRRTKQ VEKNDEDQKI EQDGVKPEDK AHKAATKIQA SFRGHITRKK LKDEKKGDAP 70 80 90 100 110 120 AAEAEAKEKD DAPVADGVEK KEGDGSATTD AAPATSPKAE EPSKAGDAPS EEKKGEGDAA 130 140 150 160 170 180 PSEEKAGSAE TESAAKATTD NSPSSKAEDG PAKEEPKQAD VPAAVTDAAA TTPAAEDAAK 190 200 210 220 AAQPPTETAE SSQAEEEKEA VDEAKPKESA RQDEGKEDPE ADQEHA

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning of complementary DNA for GAP-43, a neuronal growth-related protein." Karns L.R., Ng S.-C., Freeman J.A., Fishman M.C. Science 236:597-600(1987) [PubMed: 2437653] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE.
[2]	"Primary structure and transcriptional regulation of GAP-43, a protein associated with nerve growth." Basi G.S., Jacobson R.D., Virag I., Schilling J., Skene J.H.P. Cell 49:785-791(1987) [PubMed: 3581170] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 8-25.
[3]	"Primary structure and mRNA localization of protein F1, a growth-related protein kinase C substrate associated with synaptic plasticity." Rosenthal A., Chan S.Y., Henzel W., Haskell C., Kuang W.J., Chen E., Wilcox J.N., Ullrich A., Goeddel D.V., Routtenberg A. EMBO J. 6:3641-3646(1987) [PubMed: 3428269] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE.
[4]	"Cloning and characterization of the rat gene encoding GAP-43." Grabczyk E., Zuber M.X., Federoff H.J., Ng S.C., Pack A., Fishman M.C. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2:822-827(1990) [PubMed: 12106089] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[5]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[6]	Lubec G., Chen W.-Q., Kang S.U., Lubec S. Submitted (SEP-2007) to UniProtKB Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 20-30; 38-43; 68-80 AND 158-180, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Strain: Sprague-Dawley. Tissue: Brain and Hippocampus.
[7]	"GAP-43, a protein associated with axon growth, is phosphorylated at three sites in cultured neurons and rat brain." Spencer S.A., Schuh S.M., Liu W.-S., Willard M.B. J. Biol. Chem. 267:9059-9064(1992) [PubMed: 1533624] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-41; SER-96 AND THR-172.
[8]	"Phosphorylase kinase phosphorylates the calmodulin-binding regulatory regions of neuronal tissue-specific proteins B-50 (GAP-43) and neurogranin." Paudel H.K., Zwiers H., Wang J.H. J. Biol. Chem. 268:6207-6213(1993) [PubMed: 8454596] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-41 BY PHK.
[9]	Lubec G., Chen W.-Q. Submitted (FEB-2007) to UniProtKB Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-172, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M16228 mRNA. Translation: AAA41190.1. M16736 mRNA. Translation: AAA41192.1. X06338 mRNA. Translation: CAA29644.1. L21192, L21190, L21191 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA41189.1. BC127502 mRNA. Translation: AAI27503.1.
IPI	IPI00212320.
PIR	A26964.
RefSeq	NP_058891.1. NM_017195.3.
UniGene	Rn.10928.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	P07936.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P07936.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSRNOT00000002091; ENSRNOP00000002091; ENSRNOG00000001528.
GeneID	29423.
KEGG	rno:29423.
UCSC	NM_017195. rat.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	2596.
RGD	62071. Gap43.
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	roNOG16581.
GeneTree	ENSGT00530000063966.
HOVERGEN	HBG006468.
InParanoid	P07936.
PhylomeDB	P07936.
Gene expression databases
ArrayExpress	P07936.
Genevestigator	P07936.
GermOnline	ENSRNOG00000001528. Rattus norvegicus.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR000048. IQ_motif_EF-hand-BS. IPR001422. Neuromodulin. IPR017454. Neuromodulin_C. IPR018947. Neuromodulin_gap-junction_N. IPR018243. Neuromodulin_palmitoyl/P_site. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00612. IQ. 1 hit. PF06614. Neuromodulin. 1 hit. PF10580. Neuromodulin_N. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00215. NEUROMODULIN.
SMART	SM00015. IQ. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS50096. IQ. 1 hit. PS00412. NEUROMODULIN_1. 1 hit. PS00413. NEUROMODULIN_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
NextBio	609118.

Entry information

Entry name

NEUM_RAT

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P07936
Secondary accession number(s): A0JPM4

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 1, 1988
Last sequence update:	August 1, 1988
Last modified:	January 25, 2012
This is version 104 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program