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UniProtKB - P05855 (NEF_HV1B8)

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Protein

Protein Nef

Gene

nef

Organism
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH8) (HIV-1)
Status
Reviewed-Annotation score: Annotation score: 5 out of 5-Protein inferred from homologyi

Functioni

Factor of infectivity and pathogenicity, required for optimal virus replication. Alters numerous pathways of T-lymphocytes function and down-regulates immunity surface molecules in order to evade host defense and increase viral infectivity. Alters the functionality of other immunity cells, like dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages and NK cells.UniRule annotation
In infected CD4+ T-lymphocytes, down-regulates the surface MHC-I, mature MHC-II, CD4, CD28, CCR5 and CXCR4 molecules. Mediates internalization and degradation of host CD4 through the interaction of with the cytoplasmic tail of CD4, the recruitment of AP-2 (clathrin adapter protein complex 2), internalization through clathrin coated pits, and subsequent transport to endosomes and lysosomes for degradation. Diverts host MHC-I molecules to the trans-Golgi network-associated endosomal compartments by an endocytic pathway to finally target them for degradation. MHC-I down-regulation may involve AP-1 (clathrin adapter protein complex 1) or possibly Src family kinase-ZAP70/Syk-PI3K cascade recruited by PACS2. In consequence infected cells are masked for immune recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Decreasing the number of immune receptors also prevents reinfection by more HIV particles (superinfection). Down-regulates host SERINC3 and SERINC5 thereby excluding these proteins from the viral particles. Virion infectivity is drastically higher when SERINC3 or SERINC5 are excluded from the viral envelope, because these host antiviral proteins impare the membrane fusion event necessary for subsequent virion penetration.UniRule annotation
Bypasses host T-cell signaling by inducing a transcriptional program nearly identical to that of anti-CD3 cell activation. Interaction with TCR-zeta chain up-regulates the Fas ligand (FasL). Increasing surface FasL molecules and decreasing surface MHC-I molecules on infected CD4+ cells send attacking cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes into apoptosis.UniRule annotation
Plays a role in optimizing the host cell environment for viral replication without causing cell death by apoptosis. Protects the infected cells from apoptosis in order to keep them alive until the next virus generation is ready to strike. Inhibits the Fas and TNFR-mediated death signals by blocking MAP3K5/ASK1. Decreases the half-life of TP53, protecting the infected cell against p53-mediated apoptosis. Inhibits the apoptotic signals regulated by the Bcl-2 family proteins through the formation of a Nef/PI3-kinase/PAK2 complex that leads to activation of PAK2 and induces phosphorylation of host BAD.UniRule annotation
Extracellular Nef protein targets CD4+ T-lymphocytes for apoptosis by interacting with CXCR4 surface receptors.UniRule annotation

Miscellaneous

HIV-1 lineages are divided in three main groups, M (for Major), O (for Outlier), and N (for New, or Non-M, Non-O). The vast majority of strains found worldwide belong to the group M. Group O seems to be endemic to and largely confined to Cameroon and neighboring countries in West Central Africa, where these viruses represent a small minority of HIV-1 strains. The group N is represented by a limited number of isolates from Cameroonian persons. The group M is further subdivided in 9 clades or subtypes (A to D, F to H, J and K).UniRule annotation

Sites

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Sitei20Might play a role in AP-1 recruitment to the Nef-MHC-I complexUniRule annotation1

GO - Molecular functioni

Complete GO annotation...

GO - Biological processi

Complete GO annotation...

Keywordsi

Biological processApoptosis, Host-virus interaction, Inhibition of host adaptive immune response by virus, Inhibition of host autophagy by virus, Inhibition of host MHC class I molecule presentation by virus, Inhibition of host MHC class II molecule presentation by virus, Viral immunoevasion, Virulence

Names & Taxonomyi

Protein namesi
Recommended name:
Protein NefUniRule annotation
Alternative name(s):
3'ORFUniRule annotation
Negative factorUniRule annotation
Short name:
F-proteinUniRule annotation
Cleaved into the following chain:
C-terminal core proteinUniRule annotation
Gene namesi
Name:nefUniRule annotation
OrganismiHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate BH8) (HIV-1)
Taxonomic identifieri11684 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageiViruses › Retro-transcribing viruses › Retroviridae › Orthoretrovirinae › Lentivirus › Primate lentivirus group ›
Virus hostiHomo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]

Subcellular locationi

  • Host cell membrane UniRule annotation; Lipid-anchor UniRule annotation; Cytoplasmic side UniRule annotation
  • Virion UniRule annotation
  • Secreted UniRule annotation
  • Host Golgi apparatus membrane UniRule annotation

    • Note: TGN localization requires PACS1. Associates with the inner plasma membrane through its N-terminal domain. Nef stimulates its own export via the release of exosomes. Incorporated in virions at a rate of about 10 molecules per virion, where it is cleaved.UniRule annotation

GO - Cellular componenti

Complete GO annotation...

Keywords - Cellular componenti

Host cell membrane, Host Golgi apparatus, Host membrane, Membrane, Secreted, Virion

Pathology & Biotechi

Keywords - Diseasei

AIDS

PTM / Processingi

Molecule processing

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Initiator methionineiRemoved; by hostUniRule annotation
ChainiPRO_00000383312 – 205Protein NefUniRule annotationAdd BLAST204
ChainiPRO_000003833258 – 205C-terminal core proteinUniRule annotationAdd BLAST148

Amino acid modifications

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Lipidationi2N-myristoyl glycine; by hostUniRule annotation1
Modified residuei6Phosphoserine; by hostUniRule annotation1

Post-translational modificationi

The virion-associated Nef proteins are cleaved by the viral protease to release the soluble C-terminal core protein. Nef is probably cleaved concomitantly with viral structural proteins on maturation of virus particles.UniRule annotation
Myristoylated.UniRule annotation
Phosphorylated on serine residues, probably by host PKCdelta and theta.UniRule annotation

Sites

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Sitei57 – 58Cleavage; by viral proteaseUniRule annotation2

Keywords - PTMi

Lipoprotein, Myristate, Phosphoprotein

Expressioni

Inductioni

Expressed early in the viral replication cycle.UniRule annotation

Keywords - Developmental stagei

Early protein

Interactioni

Subunit structurei

Monomer; cytosolic form. Homodimer; membrane bound form. Interacts with Nef associated p21-activated kinase (PAK2); this interaction activates PAK2. Associates with the Nef-MHC-I-AP1 complex; this complex is required for MHC-I internalization. Interacts (via C-terminus) with host PI3-kinase. Interacts with host PACS1; this interaction seems to be weak. Interacts with host PACS2. Interacts with host LCK and MAPK3; these interactions inhibit the kinase activity of the latters. Interacts with host ATP6V1H; this interaction may play a role in CD4 endocytosis. Associates with the CD4-Nef-AP2 complex; this complex is required for CD4 internalization. Interacts with host AP2 subunit alpha and AP2 subunit sigma2. Interacts with TCR-zeta chain; this interaction up-regulates the Fas ligand (FasL) surface expression. Interacts with host HCK, LYN, and SRC; these interactions activate the Src family kinases. Interacts with MAP3K5; this interaction inhibits the Fas and TNFR-mediated death signals. Interacts with beta-COP and PTE1. Interacts with human RACK1; this increases Nef phosphorylation by PKC. Interacts with TP53; this interaction decreases the half-life of TP53, protecting the infected cell against p53-mediated apoptosis.UniRule annotation

GO - Molecular functioni

Complete GO annotation...

Structurei

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortaliP05855.
SMRiP05855.
ModBaseiSearch...
MobiDBiSearch...

Family & Domainsi

Region

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Regioni62 – 65Acidic; interacts with host PACS1 and PACS2; stabilizes the interaction of NEF/MHC-I with host AP1M1; necessary for MHC-I internalizationUniRule annotation4
Regioni69 – 78SH3-binding; interaction with Src family tyrosine kinasesUniRule annotation10
Regioni108 – 124Mediates dimerization, Nef-PTE1 interactionUniRule annotationAdd BLAST17
Regioni148 – 179Binding to ATP6V1HUniRule annotationAdd BLAST32

Motif

Feature keyPosition(s)DescriptionActionsGraphical viewLength
Motifi72 – 75PxxP; stabilizes the interaction of NEF/MHC-I with host AP1M1; necessary for MHC-I internalizationUniRule annotation4
Motifi163 – 164Dileucine internalization motif; necessary for CD4 internalizationUniRule annotation2
Motifi173 – 174Diacidic; necessary for CD4 internalizationUniRule annotation2

Domaini

The N-terminal domain is composed of the N-myristoyl glycine and of a cluster of positively charged amino acids. It is required for inner plasma membrane targeting of Nef and virion incorporation, and thereby for infectivity. This domain is also involved in binding to TP53.UniRule annotation
The SH3-binding domain constituted of PxxP motifs mediates binding to several Src family proteins thereby regulating their tyrosine kinase activity. The same motifs also mediates the association with MAPK3, PI3-kinase and TCR-zeta.UniRule annotation
The dileucine internalization motif and a diacidic motif seem to be required for binding to AP-2.UniRule annotation
The acidic region binds to the sorting protein PACS-2, which targets Nef to the paranuclear region, enabling the PxxP motif to direct assembly of an SFK/ZAP-70/PI3K complex that accelerates endocytosis of cell-surface MHC-I.UniRule annotation

Sequence similaritiesi

Belongs to the lentivirus primate group Nef protein family.UniRule annotation

Keywords - Domaini

SH3-binding

Family and domain databases

Gene3Di3.30.62.10. 1 hit.
4.10.890.10. 1 hit.
HAMAPiMF_04078. NEF_HIV. 1 hit.
InterProiView protein in InterPro
IPR027480. HIV-1_Nef_anchor.
IPR027481. HIV-1_Nef_core.
IPR001558. HIV_Nef.
PfamiView protein in Pfam
PF00469. F-protein. 1 hit.
SUPFAMiSSF55671. SSF55671. 1 hit.

Sequencei

Sequence statusi: Complete.

Sequence processingi: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.

P05855-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket

« Hide

        10         20         30         40         50
MGGKWSKSSV VGWPAVRERM RRAEPAADGV GAVSRDLEKH GAITSSNTAA 
        60         70         80         90        100
TNADCAWLEA QEEEEVGFPV TPQVPLRPMT YKAAVDLSHF LKEKGGLEGL 
       110        120        130        140        150
IHSQRRQDIL DLWIHHTQGY FPDWQNYTPG PGVRYPLTFG WCYKLVPVEP 
       160        170        180        190        200
EKEEANKGEN TSLLHPVSLH GMDDPEREVL EWRFDSRLAF HHMARELHPE 

YFKNC
Length:205
Mass (Da):23,305
Last modified:January 23, 2007 - v3
Checksum:i8EC12F6650DDD111
GO

Sequence databases

Select the link destinations:
EMBLi
GenBanki
DDBJi
Links Updated
K02011 Genomic RNA. No translation available.

Similar proteinsi

Links to similar proteins from the UniProt Reference Clusters (UniRef) at 100%, 90% and 50% sequence identity:
100%UniRef100 combines identical sequences and sub-fragments with 11 or more residues from any organism into one UniRef entry.
90%UniRef90 is built by clustering UniRef100 sequences that have at least 90% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence (a.k.a seed sequence).
50%UniRef50 is built by clustering UniRef90 seed sequences that have at least 50% sequence identity to, and 80% overlap with, the longest sequence in the cluster.

Entry informationi

Entry nameiNEF_HV1B8
AccessioniPrimary (citable) accession number: P05855
Entry historyiIntegrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: November 1, 1988
Last sequence update: January 23, 2007
Last modified: July 5, 2017
This is version 121 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. See complete history.
Entry statusiReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programViral Protein Annotation Program

Miscellaneousi

Documents

  1. SIMILARITY comments
    Index of protein domains and families