Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P05224 (CAER3_XENLA)

Names and origin

Protein names	Recommended name:     Preprocaerulein type-3 Alternative name(s):     Preprocaerulein type III Cleaved into the following chain:     1- Recommended name:             Caerulein
Organism	Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Taxonomic identifier	8355 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineage	Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Amphibia › Batrachia › Anura › Mesobatrachia › Pipoidea › Pipidae › Xenopodinae › Xenopus › Xenopus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	169 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	The pharmacological activities of caerulein are quite similar to the physiological activities of gastrin and related peptides.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Expressed by the skin glands.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Repeat Signal
Molecular function	Amphibian defense peptide
PTM	Amidation Cleavage on pair of basic residues Sulfation
Technical term	Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	defense response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	hormone activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 26	26	Potential
	Propeptide	27 – 72	46			PRO_0000010497
	Peptide	73 – 82	10	Caerulein		PRO_0000010498
	Propeptide	86 – 87	2			PRO_0000010499
	Peptide	88 – 97	10	Caerulein		PRO_0000010500
	Propeptide	101 – 151	51			PRO_0000010501
	Peptide	152 – 161	10	Caerulein		PRO_0000010502
	Propeptide	165 – 169	5			PRO_0000010503
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	76	1	Sulfotyrosine
	Modified residue	82	1	Phenylalanine amide
	Modified residue	91	1	Sulfotyrosine
	Modified residue	97	1	Phenylalanine amide
	Modified residue	155	1	Sulfotyrosine
	Modified residue	161	1	Phenylalanine amide

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P05224-1 [UniParc]. Last modified August 13, 1987. Version 1. Checksum: 8B8FB99E44018AF7	FASTA	169	18,785
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MFKGILLCVL FAVLSANPLS QPEGFADEER DVRGLASLLG KALKAGLKIG THFLGGAPQQ 70 80 90 100 110 120 REANDERRFA DGQQDYTGWM DFGRRDGQQD YTGWMDFGRR DDEDDVNERD VRGFGSFLGK 130 140 150 160 ALKAALKIGA NALGGAPQQR EANDERRFAD GQQDYTGWMD FGRRNGEDD

References

[1]	"Sequence of preprocaerulein cDNAs cloned from skin of Xenopus laevis. A small family of precursors containing one, three, or four copies of the final product." Richter K., Egger R., Kreil G. J. Biol. Chem. 261:3676-3680(1986) [PubMed: 3753978] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Skin.
[2]	"An unusual repetitive structure of caerulein mRNA from the skin of Xenopus laevis." Wakabayashi T., Kato H., Tachibana S. Gene 31:295-299(1984) [PubMed: 6526274] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 64-169. Tissue: Skin.
[3]	"Conserved exon-intron organization in two different caerulein precursor genes of Xenopus laevis. Additional detection of an exon potentially coding for a new peptide." Vlasak R., Wiborg O., Richter K., Burgschwaiger S., Vuust J., Kreil G. Eur. J. Biochem. 169:53-58(1987) [PubMed: 3678233] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 1-28.
[4]	"Presence of caerulein in extracts of the skin of Leptodactylus pentadactylus labyrinthicus and of Xenopus laevis." Anastasi A., Bertaccini G., Cei J.M., de Daro G., Erspamer V., Impicciatore M., Roseghini M. Br. J. Pharmacol. 38:221-228(1970) [PubMed: 5413288] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF CAERULEIN. Tissue: Skin secretion.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	M64803 , M27986, M27987, M27978, M64800, M64802 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA49687.1. M12494 mRNA. Translation: AAA49684.1. M12455 mRNA. Translation: AAA49690.1.
PIR	D23364.
UniGene	Xl.76213
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	P05224.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR001651. Gastrin. IPR013152. Gastrin/cholecystokinin_CS. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00918. Gastrin. 2 hits. [Graphical view]
SMART	SM00029. GASTRIN. 3 hits. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00259. GASTRIN. 3 hits. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

CAER3_XENLA

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P05224
Secondary accession number(s): P87486

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 13, 1987
Last sequence update:	August 13, 1987
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 58 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

Xenopus annotation project