P05111 (INHA_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Inhibin alpha chain

Gene names

Name:

INHA

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	366 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins.
Subunit structure	Dimeric, linked by one or more disulfide bonds. Inhibin A is a dimer of alpha and beta-A. Inhibin B is a dimer of alpha and beta-B.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Originally found in ovary (granulosa cells) and testis (Sertoli cells), but widely distributed in many tissues including brain and placenta. In adrenal cortex expression is limited to the zona reticularis and the innermost zona fasciculata in the normal gland, extending centripetally into the zona fasciculata in hyperplasia. Also found in adrenocortical tumors. Also expressed in prostate epithelium of benign prostatic hyperplasia, in regions of basal cell hyperplasia and in nonmalignant regions of high grade prostate cancer. Only circulating inhibin B is found in male, whereas circulating inhibins A and B are found in female. Ref.9
Post-translational modification	Proteolytic processing yields a number of bioactive forms. The 20/23 kDa forms consist solely of the mature alpha chain, the 26/29 kDa forms consist of the most N-terminal propeptide linked through a disulfide bond to the mature alpha chain, the 50/53 kDa forms encompass the entire proprotein. Each type can be furthermore either mono- or diglycosylated, causing the mass difference. Ref.8
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Growth factor Hormone
PTM	Cleavage on pair of basic residues Disulfide bond Glycoprotein
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	cell cycle arrest Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB cell surface receptor signaling pathway Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB cell-cell signaling Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB erythrocyte differentiation Non-traceable author statement PubMed 1310063. Source: UniProtKB hemoglobin biosynthetic process Inferred from direct assay PubMed 1310063. Source: UniProtKB induction of apoptosis Inferred from direct assay PubMed 8267637. Source: UniProtKB male gonad development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of B cell differentiation Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion Non-traceable author statement PubMed 3267209. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of macrophage differentiation Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB negative regulation of phosphorylation Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB nervous system development Non-traceable author statement PubMed 10320815. Source: UniProtKB ovarian follicle development Non-traceable author statement PubMed 9166111. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB regulation of cell proliferation Inferred from direct assay PubMed 9032295. Source: HGNC response to external stimulus Traceable author statement PubMed 10320815. Source: UniProtKB skeletal system development Traceable author statement PubMed 10865214. Source: ProtInc
Cellular_component	inhibin A complex Inferred from direct assay PubMed 7890768. Source: HGNC inhibin-betaglycan-ActRII complex Inferred from direct assay PubMed 10746731. Source: BHF-UCL neuronal cell body Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara photoreceptor inner segment Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara photoreceptor outer segment Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Molecular_function	cytokine activity Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB growth factor activity Traceable author statement PubMed 12324653. Source: UniProtKB hormone activity Traceable author statement PubMed 12456957. Source: UniProtKB
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 18	18
	Propeptide	19 – 61	43			PRO_0000033685
	Propeptide	62 – 232	171	Inhibin alpha N-terminal region		PRO_0000033686
	Chain	233 – 366	134	Inhibin alpha chain		PRO_0000033687
Sites
	Site	61 – 62	2	Cleavage
	Site	232 – 233	2	Cleavage
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	146	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
	Glycosylation	268	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.8
	Glycosylation	302	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...); partial Ref.8
	Disulfide bond	262 ↔ 328		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	291 ↔ 363		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	295 ↔ 365		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	327		Interchain By similarity
Natural variations
	Natural variant	227	1	G → R. Corresponds to variant rs12720061 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_034016
	Natural variant	257	1	A → T Either a rare polymorphism or may play a role in premature ovarian failure. Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs12720062 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ].		VAR_015110
Experimental info
	Mutagenesis	56 – 57	2	RR → AA: Loss of cleavage; when associated with 60-AA-61.
	Mutagenesis	60 – 61	2	RR → AA: Loss of cleavage; when associated with 55-AA-56.
	Mutagenesis	231 – 232	2	RR → EA: Loss of cleavage.
	Mutagenesis	268	1	N → Q: Loss of glycosylation.
	Mutagenesis	302	1	N → Q: Loss of glycosylation.
	Sequence conflict	17	1	H → V Ref.7
	Sequence conflict	19	1	C → S Ref.7

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P05111 [UniParc]. Last modified August 13, 1987. Version 1. Checksum: 0E03D2AB12BF8E57	FASTA	366	39,670
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MVLHLLLFLL LTPQGGHSCQ GLELARELVL AKVRALFLDA LGPPAVTREG GDPGVRRLPR 70 80 90 100 110 120 RHALGGFTHR GSEPEEEEDV SQAILFPATD ASCEDKSAAR GLAQEAEEGL FRYMFRPSQH 130 140 150 160 170 180 TRSRQVTSAQ LWFHTGLDRQ GTAASNSSEP LLGLLALSPG GPVAVPMSLG HAPPHWAVLH 190 200 210 220 230 240 LATSALSLLT HPVLVLLLRC PLCTCSARPE ATPFLVAHTR TRPPSGGERA RRSTPLMSWP 250 260 270 280 290 300 WSPSALRLLQ RPPEEPAAHA NCHRVALNIS FQELGWERWI VYPPSFIFHY CHGGCGLHIP 310 320 330 340 350 360 PNLSLPVPGA PPTPAQPYSL LPGAQPCCAA LPGTMRPLHV RTTSDGGYSF KYETVPNLLT QHCACI

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Inhibin A-subunit cDNAs from porcine ovary and human placenta." Mayo K.E., Cerelli G.M., Spiess J., Rivier J., Rosenfeld M.G., Evans R.M., Vale W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:5849-5853(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"Human inhibin genes. Genomic characterisation and sequencing." Stewart A.G., Milborrow H.M., Ring J.M., Crowther C.E., Forage R.G. FEBS Lett. 206:329-334(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Cloning of human full-length CDSs in BD Creator(TM) system donor vector." Kalnine N., Chen X., Rolfs A., Halleck A., Hines L., Eisenstein S., Koundinya M., Raphael J., Moreira D., Kelley T., LaBaer J., Lin Y., Phelan M., Farmer A. Submitted (OCT-2004) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
[4]	"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. , Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S. Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[5]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Brain.
[7]	"Structure of two human ovarian inhibins." Mason A.J., Niall H.D., Seeburg P.H. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 135:957-964(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 16-366.
[8]	"Characterization and determination of the biological activities of noncleavable high molecular weight forms of inhibin A and activin A." Mason A.J., Farnworth P.G., Sullivan J. Mol. Endocrinol. 10:1055-1065(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE, PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSING, GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-268 AND ASN-302, MUTAGENESIS.
[9]	"Loss of the expression and localization of inhibin alpha-subunit in high grade prostate cancer." Mellor S.L., Richards M.G., Pedersen J.S., Robertson D.M., Risbridger G.P. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83:969-975(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, INDUCTION.
[10]	"Inhibin: a candidate gene for premature ovarian failure." Shelling A.N., Burton K.A., Chand A.L., van Ee C.C., France J.T., Farquhar C.M., Milsom S.R., Love D.R., Gersak K., Aittomaki K., Winship I.M. Hum. Reprod. 15:2644-2649(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT THR-257.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

Inhibin entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M13981 mRNA. Translation: AAA59166.1. X04445, X04446 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA28040.1. BT006954 mRNA. Translation: AAP35600.1. AK292340 mRNA. Translation: BAF85029.1. CH471063 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW70774.1. BC006391 mRNA. Translation: AAH06391.1. M13144 mRNA. Translation: AAA59167.1.
IPI	IPI00007080.
PIR	A24248. A23556.
RefSeq	NP_002182.1. NM_002191.3.
UniGene	Hs.407506.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P05111.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
DIP	DIP-5826N.
STRING	9606.ENSP00000243786.
PTM databases
PhosphoSite	P05111.
Polymorphism databases
DMDM	124274.
Proteomic databases
PaxDb	P05111.
PRIDE	P05111.
Protocols and materials databases
DNASU	3623.
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENST00000243786; ENSP00000243786; ENSG00000123999.
GeneID	3623.
KEGG	hsa:3623.
UCSC	uc002vmk.2. human.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	3623.
GeneCards	GC02P220433.
HGNC	HGNC:6065. INHA.
HPA	CAB000047. HPA019141.
MIM	147380. gene.
neXtProt	NX_P05111.
PharmGKB	PA29876.
GenAtlas	Search...
Phylogenomic databases
eggNOG	NOG289440.
HOGENOM	HOG000013165.
HOVERGEN	HBG052131.
InParanoid	P05111.
KO	K05500.
OMA	GGYSFKY.
OrthoDB	EOG447FTZ.
PhylomeDB	P05111.
Gene expression databases
Bgee	P05111.
CleanEx	HS_INHA.
Genevestigator	P05111.
GermOnline	ENSG00000123999. Homo sapiens.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR002405. Inhibin_asu. IPR017175. Inhibin_asu_subgr. IPR001839. TGF-b_C. IPR017948. TGFb_CS. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00019. TGF_beta. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF037328. Inhibin_alpha_subunit. 1 hit.
PRINTS	PR00669. INHIBINA.
SMART	SM00204. TGFB. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00250. TGF_BETA_1. 1 hit. PS51362. TGF_BETA_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other
GenomeRNAi	3623.
NextBio	14177.
SOURCE	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

INHA_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P05111
Secondary accession number(s): A8K8H5

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 13, 1987
Last sequence update:	August 13, 1987
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 139 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.