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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P05106 (ITB3_HUMAN)

Last modified March 2, 2010. Version 155. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (8) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
Integrin beta-3
Alternative name(s):
Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa
Short name=GPIIIa
CD_antigen=CD61
Gene names
Name:ITGB3
Synonyms:GP3A
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length788 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.

Subunit structure

Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Beta-3 associates with either alpha-IIb or alpha-V. Isoform Beta-3C interacts with FLNB. Interacts with COMP. Interacts with HIV-1 Tat. Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.21

Subcellular location

Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.

Tissue specificity

Isoform beta-3A and isoform beta-3C are widely expressed. Isoform beta-3A is specifically expressed in osteoblast cells; isoform beta-3C is specifically expressed in prostate and testis.

Post-translational modification

Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Probably involved in outside-in signaling. A peptide (AA 740-762) is capable of binding GRB2 only when both Tyr-773 and Tyr-785 are phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of Thr-779 inhibits SHC binding. Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.25 Ref.27

Polymorphism

Position 59 is associated with platelet-specific alloantigen HPA-1 (ZW or PL(A)). HPA-1A/ZW(A)/PL(A1) has Leu-59 and HPA-1B/ZW(B)/PL(A2) has Pro-59. HPA-1A is involved in fetal-maternal alloimmune thromobocytopenia (FMAIT) as well as in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT).

Position 169 is associated with platelet-specific alloantigen HPA-4 (PEN or YUK). HPA-4A/PEN(A)/YUK(A) has Arg-169 and HPA-4B/PEN(B)/YUK(B) has Gln-169. HPA-4B is involved in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT or NATP).

Position 433 is associated with platelet-specific alloantigen MO. MO- has Pro-433 and MO+ has Ala-433. MO+ is involved in NAIT.

Position 515 is associated with platelet-specific alloantigen CA/TU. CA-/TU- has Arg-515 and CA+/TU+ has Gln-515. CA+ is involved in NAIT.

Position 662 is associated with platelet-specific alloantigen SR(A). SR(A)- has Arg-662 and SR(A)+ has Cys-662.

Involvement in disease

Defects in ITGB3 are a cause of Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) [MIM:273800]; also known as thrombasthenia of Glanzmann and Naegeli. GT is the most common inherited disease of platelets. It is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding of mild-to-moderate severity and the inability of this integrin to recognize macromolecular or synthetic peptide ligands. GT has been classified clinically into types I and II. In type I, platelets show absence of the glycoprotein IIb/beta-3 complexes at their surface and lack fibrinogen and clot retraction capability. In type II, the platelets express the glycoprotein IIb/beta-3 complex at reduced levels (5-20% controls), have detectable amounts of fibrinogen, and have low or moderate clot retraction capability. The platelets of GT 'variants' have normal or near normal (60-100%) expression of dysfunctional receptors. Ref.36 Ref.37 Ref.38 Ref.39 Ref.40 Ref.41 Ref.42 Ref.43 Ref.44 Ref.45 Ref.48 Ref.50 Ref.51 Ref.52 Ref.53 Ref.54 Ref.55

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the integrin beta chain family.

Contains 1 VWFA domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
   Biological processCell adhesion
Host-virus interaction
   Cellular componentMembrane
   Coding sequence diversityAlternative splicing
Polymorphism
   DiseaseDisease mutation
   DomainRepeat
Signal
Transmembrane
   Molecular functionIntegrin
Receptor
   PTMDisulfide bond
Glycoprotein
Phosphoprotein
   Technical term3D-structure
Complete proteome
Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
   Biological processblood coagulation Ref.39

Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc

cell-matrix adhesion

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro

integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

interspecies interaction between organisms

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

negative regulation of lipid storage

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

negative regulation of lipid transport

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

Inferred from mutant phenotype. Source: UniProtKB

   Cellular componentintegrin complex Ref.39

Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB

platelet alpha granule membrane

Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome

   Molecular functionidentical protein binding

Inferred from physical interaction. Source: IntAct

receptor activity

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With

Entry

#Exp.

IntAct

Notes

itself3EBI-702847,EBI-702847
P069352EBI-702847,EBI-981051From a different organism.
ITGAVP067563EBI-702847,EBI-298282
TLN1P549391EBI-702847,EBI-1035421From a different organism.
Tln1P260391EBI-702847,EBI-1039593From a different organism.

Alternative products

This entry describes 3 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform Beta-3A (identifier: P05106-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform Beta-3B (identifier: P05106-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     768-788: ANNPLYKEATSTFTNITYRGT → VRDGAGRFLKSLV
Isoform Beta-3C (identifier: P05106-3)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     768-788: ANNPLYKEATSTFTNITYRGT → HYAQSLRKWNQPVSIDG

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide1 – 2626 Potential
Chain27 – 788762Integrin beta-3
PRO_0000016344

Regions

Topological domain27 – 718692Extracellular Potential
Transmembrane719 – 74123 Potential
Topological domain742 – 78847Cytoplasmic Potential
Domain135 – 377243VWFA
Repeat463 – 51149I
Repeat512 – 55342II
Repeat554 – 59239III
Repeat593 – 62937IV
Region463 – 629167Cysteine-rich tandem repeats

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue7731Phosphotyrosine Ref.19 Ref.25 Ref.27
Modified residue7791Phosphothreonine; by PDPK1 and PKB/AKT1; in vitro Ref.20
Modified residue7851Phosphotyrosine Ref.19 Ref.25
Glycosylation1251N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.23 Ref.24
Glycosylation3461N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation3971N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation4781N-linked (GlcNAc...)
Glycosylation5851N-linked (GlcNAc...) Potential
Glycosylation6801N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.26
Disulfide bond31 ↔ 461 Ref.16
Disulfide bond39 ↔ 49 Ref.16
Disulfide bond42 ↔ 75 Ref.16
Disulfide bond52 ↔ 64 Ref.16
Disulfide bond203 ↔ 210 Ref.16
Disulfide bond258 ↔ 299 Ref.16
Disulfide bond400 ↔ 412 Ref.16
Disulfide bond432 ↔ 681 Ref.16
Disulfide bond459 ↔ 463 Ref.16
Disulfide bond474 ↔ 486 Probable
Disulfide bond483 ↔ 521 Probable
Disulfide bond488 ↔ 497 Probable
Disulfide bond499 ↔ 512 Probable
Disulfide bond527 ↔ 532 Probable
Disulfide bond529 ↔ 562 Probable
Disulfide bond534 ↔ 547 Probable
Disulfide bond549 ↔ 554 Ref.16
Disulfide bond568 ↔ 573 Probable
Disulfide bond570 ↔ 601 Probable
Disulfide bond575 ↔ 584 Probable
Disulfide bond586 ↔ 593 Probable
Disulfide bond607 ↔ 612 Probable
Disulfide bond609 ↔ 657 Probable
Disulfide bond614 ↔ 624 Probable
Disulfide bond627 ↔ 630 Probable
Disulfide bond634 ↔ 643 Probable
Disulfide bond640 ↔ 713 Probable
Disulfide bond661 ↔ 689 Ref.16

Natural variations

Alternative sequence768 – 78821ANNPL…TYRGT → VRDGAGRFLKSLV in isoform Beta-3B.
VSP_002745
Alternative sequence768 – 78821ANNPL…TYRGT → HYAQSLRKWNQPVSIDG in isoform Beta-3C.
VSP_002746
Natural variant591L → P in alloantigen HPA-1B. dbSNP rs5918. Ref.12 Ref.31 Ref.46
VAR_003993
Natural variant661L → R: dbSNP rs36080296. Ref.12
VAR_049633
Natural variant1191R → W in GT. Ref.51
VAR_030473
Natural variant1411Y → C in GT. Ref.55
VAR_030474
Natural variant1431L → W in GT. Ref.41
VAR_010649
Natural variant1451D → N in GT. Ref.42
VAR_030475
Natural variant1451D → Y in GT; type B. Ref.36
VAR_003998
Natural variant1501M → V in GT; may confer constitutive activity to the alpha-IIb/(mutated)beta-3 receptor. Ref.53
VAR_030476
Natural variant1661T → I Associated with neonatal thrombocytopenia; alloantigen Duv(a+); does not affect significantly the integrin function. Ref.49
VAR_030477
Natural variant1691R → Q in alloantigen HPA-4B. dbSNP rs5917. Ref.46 Ref.32
VAR_003994
Natural variant1881S → L in GT; type II. Ref.44
VAR_010651
Natural variant2221L → P in GT; variant form. Ref.50
VAR_030478
Natural variant2401R → Q in GT; type B. Ref.37
VAR_003999
Natural variant2401R → W in GT; variant Strasbourg-1. Ref.38
VAR_004000
Natural variant2421R → Q in GT. Ref.42
VAR_030479
Natural variant2431D → V in GT. Ref.51
VAR_030480
Natural variant2881L → P in GT. Ref.42
VAR_030481
Natural variant3061H → P in GT. dbSNP rs13306476. Ref.43 Ref.54
VAR_004001
Natural variant3211M → L in GT. Ref.55
VAR_030482
Natural variant3301I → N in GT; not expressed on the surface and absent inside the transfected cells. Ref.54
VAR_030483
Natural variant4001C → Y in GT. Ref.40
VAR_004002
Natural variant4331P → A in alloantigen MO(+); in a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Ref.33
VAR_003995
Natural variant4531V → I: dbSNP rs5921. Ref.46
VAR_014178
Natural variant5151R → Q in alloantigen CA(+)/TU(+). dbSNP rs13306487. Ref.34
VAR_003996
Natural variant5321C → Y in GT. Ref.52
VAR_030484
Natural variant5681C → R in GT; type I. Ref.45
VAR_010671
Natural variant5861C → F in GT. Ref.43
VAR_004003
Natural variant5861C → R in GT; gain-of-function mutation; constitutively binds ligand-induced binding sites antibodies and the fibrinogen-mimetic antibody PAC-1. Ref.48
VAR_030485
Natural variant5981G → S in GT. Ref.43
VAR_004004
Natural variant6011C → R in GT. Ref.51
VAR_030486
Natural variant6051G → S in GT; type II. Ref.43
VAR_010672
Natural variant6621R → C in alloantigen SR(A). Ref.35
VAR_003997
Natural variant7781S → P in GT; variant Strasbourg-1. Ref.39
VAR_004005

Experimental info

Sequence conflict121A → V in AAA52589. Ref.1
Sequence conflict121A → V in AAA35927. Ref.3
Sequence conflict1511K → P in AAA67537. Ref.10
Sequence conflict1511K → P in AAB23689. Ref.13
Sequence conflict2051D → EY in AAA67537. Ref.10
Sequence conflict649 – 6535GALHD → EPYMT in AAA52589. Ref.1
Sequence conflict649 – 6535GALHD → EPYMT in AAA60122. Ref.2
Sequence conflict649 – 6535GALHD → EPYMT in AAB71380. Ref.4
Sequence conflict7161G → H Ref.7
Sequence conflict737 – 7415ALLIW → PCSSG in AAA67537. Ref.10

Secondary structure

................................................................................................................ 788
Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform Beta-3A [UniParc].

Last modified February 6, 2007. Version 2.
Checksum: F246623608E05F9E

FASTA78887,058
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MRARPRPRPL WATVLALGAL AGVGVGGPNI CTTRGVSSCQ QCLAVSPMCA WCSDEALPLG 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
SPRCDLKENL LKDNCAPESI EFPVSEARVL EDRPLSDKGS GDSSQVTQVS PQRIALRLRP 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
DDSKNFSIQV RQVEDYPVDI YYLMDLSYSM KDDLWSIQNL GTKLATQMRK LTSNLRIGFG 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
AFVDKPVSPY MYISPPEALE NPCYDMKTTC LPMFGYKHVL TLTDQVTRFN EEVKKQSVSR 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
NRDAPEGGFD AIMQATVCDE KIGWRNDASH LLVFTTDAKT HIALDGRLAG IVQPNDGQCH 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
VGSDNHYSAS TTMDYPSLGL MTEKLSQKNI NLIFAVTENV VNLYQNYSEL IPGTTVGVLS 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
MDSSNVLQLI VDAYGKIRSK VELEVRDLPE ELSLSFNATC LNNEVIPGLK SCMGLKIGDT 

       430        440        450        460        470        480 
VSFSIEAKVR GCPQEKEKSF TIKPVGFKDS LIVQVTFDCD CACQAQAEPN SHRCNNGNGT 

       490        500        510        520        530        540 
FECGVCRCGP GWLGSQCECS EEDYRPSQQD ECSPREGQPV CSQRGECLCG QCVCHSSDFG 

       550        560        570        580        590        600 
KITGKYCECD DFSCVRYKGE MCSGHGQCSC GDCLCDSDWT GYYCNCTTRT DTCMSSNGLL 

       610        620        630        640        650        660 
CSGRGKCECG SCVCIQPGSY GDTCEKCPTC PDACTFKKEC VECKKFDRGA LHDENTCNRY 

       670        680        690        700        710        720 
CRDEIESVKE LKDTGKDAVN CTYKNEDDCV VRFQYYEDSS GKSILYVVEE PECPKGPDIL 

       730        740        750        760        770        780 
VVLLSVMGAI LLIGLAALLI WKLLITIHDR KEFAKFEEER ARAKWDTANN PLYKEATSTF 


TNITYRGT 

« Hide

Isoform Beta-3B.

Checksum: C21A1B7814080CD7
Show »

FASTA78086,113
Isoform Beta-3C.

Checksum: B8A9F2A7F3C39247
Show »

FASTA78486,694

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Protein sequence of endothelial glycoprotein IIIa derived from a cDNA clone. Identity with platelet glycoprotein IIIa and similarity to 'integrin'."
Fitzgerald L.A., Steiner B., Rall S.C. Jr., Lo S., Phillips D.R.
J. Biol. Chem. 262:3936-3939(1987) [PubMed: 3494014] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA-3A).
[2]"Structure of platelet glycoprotein IIIa. A common subunit for two different membrane receptors."
Zimrin A.B., Eisman R., Vilaire G., Schwartz E., Bennett J.S., Poncz M.
J. Clin. Invest. 81:1470-1475(1988) [PubMed: 2452834] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA-3A).
[3]"GPIIb and GPIIIa amino acid sequences deduced from human megakaryocyte cDNAs."
Frachet P., Uzan G., Thevenon D., Denarier E., Prandini M.H., Marguerie G.
Mol. Biol. Rep. 14:27-33(1990) [PubMed: 2345548] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA-3A).
[4]"Cloning and characterization of a novel integrin beta3 subunit."
Kumar C.S., James I.E., Wong A., Mwangi V., Feild J.A., Nuthulaganti P., Connor J.R., Eichman C., Ali F., Hwang S.M., Rieman D.J., Drake F.H., Gowen M.
J. Biol. Chem. 272:16390-16397(1997) [PubMed: 9195946] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA-3C).
Tissue: Osteoclastoma.
[5]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM BETA-3A).
[6]"Isolation and characterization of a TATA-less promoter for the human beta 3 integrin gene."
Villa-Garcia M., Li L., Riely G., Bray P.F.
Blood 83:668-676(1994) [PubMed: 8298129] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-26.
Tissue: Blood.
[7]"Cloning of glycoprotein IIIa cDNA from human erythroleukemia cells and localization of the gene to chromosome 17."
Rosa J.P., Bray P.F., Gayet O., Johnston G.I., Cook R.G., Jackson K.W., Shuman M.A., McEver R.P.
Blood 72:593-600(1988) [PubMed: 3165296] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 11-788.
Tissue: Erythroleukemia.
[8]"Separation of important new platelet glycoproteins (GPIa, GPIc, GPIc*, GPIIa and GMP-140) by F.P.L.C. Characterization by monoclonal antibodies and gas-phase sequencing."
Catimel B., Parmentier S., Leung L.L., McGregor J.L.
Biochem. J. 279:419-425(1991) [PubMed: 1953640] [Abstract]
Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 27-37.
Tissue: Platelet.
[9]"Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides."
Gevaert K., Goethals M., Martens L., Van Damme J., Staes A., Thomas G.R., Vandekerckhove J.
Nat. Biotechnol. 21:566-569(2003) [PubMed: 12665801] [Abstract]
Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 27-34.
Tissue: Platelet.
[10]"The genomic organization of platelet glycoprotein IIIa."
Zimrin A.B., Gidwitz S., Lord S., Schwartz E., Bennett J.S., White G.C. II, Poncz M.
J. Biol. Chem. 265:8590-8595(1990) [PubMed: 2341395] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 28-788.
[11]"Characterization of the human platelet glycoprotein IIIa gene. Comparison with the fibronectin receptor beta-subunit gene."
Lanza F., Kieffer N., Phillips D.R., Fitzgerald L.A.
J. Biol. Chem. 265:18098-18103(1990) [PubMed: 2145280] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 28-788.
[12]"A new exon II polymorphism in the platelet glycoprotein IIIa."
Pascual C., Balas A., Garcia-Sanchez F., Rodriguez de la Rua A., Vicario J.L.
Submitted (DEC-1993) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 56-120, VARIANTS PRO-59 AND ARG-66.
Tissue: Blood.
[13]"The gene organization of the human beta 7 subunit, the common beta subunit of the leukocyte integrins HML-1 and LPAM-1."
Jiang W.-M., Jenkins D., Yuan Q., Leung E., Choo K.H., Watson J.D., Krissansen G.W.
Int. Immunol. 4:1031-1040(1992) [PubMed: 1382574] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 122-204.
[14]"Purification and partial amino acid sequence of human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa."
Hiraiwa A., Matsukage A., Shiku H., Takahashi T., Naito K., Yamada K.
Blood 69:560-564(1987) [PubMed: 3801670] [Abstract]
Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 218-234 AND 439-443.
[15]"An alternative cytoplasmic domain of the integrin beta 3 subunit."
Van Kuppevelt T.H.M.S.M., Languino L.R., Gailit J.O., Suzuki S., Ruoslahti E.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:5415-5418(1989) [PubMed: 2787511] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 707-788 (ISOFORM BETA-3B).
Tissue: Placenta.
[16]"Assignment of disulphide bonds in human platelet GPIIIa. A disulphide pattern for the beta-subunits of the integrin family."
Calvete J.J., Henschen A., Gonzalez-Rodriguez J.
Biochem. J. 274:63-71(1991) [PubMed: 2001252] [Abstract]
Cited for: PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE, DISULFIDE BONDS.
[17]"The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 promotes vascular cell growth and locomotion by engaging the alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 integrins and by mobilizing sequestered basic fibroblast growth factor."
Barillari G., Sgadari C., Fiorelli V., Samaniego F., Colombini S., Manzari V., Modesti A., Nair B.C., Cafaro A., Stuerzl M., Ensoli B.
Blood 94:663-672(1999) [PubMed: 10397733] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH HIV-1 TAT.
[18]"Different splice variants of filamin-B affect myogenesis, subcellular distribution, and determine binding to integrin (beta) subunits."
van Der Flier A., Kuikman I., Kramer D., Geerts D., Kreft M., Takafuta T., Shapiro S.S., Sonnenberg A.
J. Cell Biol. 156:361-376(2002) [PubMed: 11807098] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH FLNB.
Tissue: Keratinocyte and Skeletal muscle.
[19]"Outside-in integrin signal transduction. Alpha IIb beta 3-(GP IIb IIIa) tyrosine phosphorylation induced by platelet aggregation."
Law D.A., Nannizzi-Alaimo L., Phillips D.R.
J. Biol. Chem. 271:10811-10815(1996) [PubMed: 8631894] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT TYR-773 AND TYR-785 (ISOFORM BETA-3A).
[20]"Threonine phosphorylation of the beta 3 integrin cytoplasmic tail, at a site recognized by PDK1 and Akt/PKB in vitro, regulates Shc binding."
Kirk R.I., Sanderson M.R., Lerea K.M.
J. Biol. Chem. 275:30901-30906(2000) [PubMed: 10896934] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-779.
[21]"Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein/thrombospondin 5 supports chondrocyte attachment through interaction with integrins."
Chen F.-H., Thomas A.O., Hecht J.T., Goldring M.B., Lawler J.
J. Biol. Chem. 280:32655-32661(2005) [PubMed: 16051604] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH COMP.
[22]"Naturally processed peptides spanning the HPA-1a polymorphism are efficiently generated and displayed from platelet glycoprotein by HLA-DRB3*0101-positive antigen-presenting cells."
Anani Sarab G., Moss M., Barker R.N., Urbaniak S.J.
Blood 114:1954-1957(2009) [PubMed: 19494351] [Abstract]
Cited for: IDENTIFICATION OF ALLOANTIGEN HPA-1A BY MASS SPECTROMETRY, ASSOCIATION TO ALLELE HLA-DRB3*0101.
[23]"Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry."
Liu T., Qian W.-J., Gritsenko M.A., Camp D.G. II, Monroe M.E., Moore R.J., Smith R.D.
J. Proteome Res. 4:2070-2080(2005) [PubMed: 16335952] [Abstract]
Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-125, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Plasma.
[24]"Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach."
Lewandrowski U., Moebius J., Walter U., Sickmann A.
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5:226-233(2006) [PubMed: 16263699] [Abstract]
Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-125, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Platelet.
[25]"Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets."
Zahedi R.P., Lewandrowski U., Wiesner J., Wortelkamp S., Moebius J., Schuetz C., Walter U., Gambaryan S., Sickmann A.
J. Proteome Res. 7:526-534(2008) [PubMed: 18088087] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-773 AND TYR-785, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Platelet.
[26]"Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry."
Chen R., Jiang X., Sun D., Han G., Wang F., Ye M., Wang L., Zou H.
J. Proteome Res. 8:651-661(2009) [PubMed: 19159218] [Abstract]
Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-680, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Liver.
[27]"Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions."
Mayya V., Lundgren D.H., Hwang S.-I., Rezaul K., Wu L., Eng J.K., Rodionov V., Han D.K.
Sci. Signal. 2:RA46-RA46(2009) [PubMed: 19690332] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-773, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: T-cell.
[28]"Crystal structure of the extracellular segment of integrin alpha Vbeta3."
Xiong J.P., Stehle T., Diefenbach B., Zhang R., Dunker R., Scott D.L., Joachimiak A., Goodman S.L., Arnaout M.A.
Science 294:339-345(2001) [PubMed: 11546839] [Abstract]
Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.1 ANGSTROMS) OF 27-718.
[29]"Crystallographic structure of the human leukocyte antigen DRA, DRB3*0101: models of a directional alloimmune response and autoimmunity."
Parry C.S., Gorski J., Stern L.J.
J. Mol. Biol. 371:435-446(2007) [PubMed: 17583734] [Abstract]
Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.25 ANGSTROMS) OF 50-61 (ALLOANTIGEN HPA-1A) IN COMPLEX WITH HLA-DRA/HLA-DRB3 HETERODIMER.
[30]"Inherited diseases of platelet glycoproteins: considerations for rapid molecular characterization."
Bray P.F.
Thromb. Haemost. 72:492-502(1994) [PubMed: 7878622] [Abstract]
Cited for: REVIEW ON GT VARIANTS.
[31]"The human platelet alloantigens, PlA1 and PlA2, are associated with a leucine33/proline33 amino acid polymorphism in membrane glycoprotein IIIa, and are distinguishable by DNA typing."
Newman P.J., Derbes R.S., Aster R.H.
J. Clin. Invest. 83:1778-1781(1989) [PubMed: 2565345] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT HPA-1B PRO-59, DESCRIPTION OF ALLOANTIGEN SYSTEM PL(A).
[32]"An amino acid polymorphism within the RGD binding domain of platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa is responsible for the formation of the Pena/Penb alloantigen system."
Wang R., Furihata K., McFarland J.G., Friedman K., Aster R.H., Newman P.J.
J. Clin. Invest. 90:2038-2043(1992) [PubMed: 1430225] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT HPA-4B GLN-169, DESCRIPTION OF ALLOANTIGEN SYSTEM PEN.
[33]"Single point mutation in human glycoprotein IIIa is associated with a new platelet-specific alloantigen (Mo) involved in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia."
Kuijpers R.W.A.M., Simsek S., Faber N.M., Goldschmeding R., van Wermerkerken R.K.V., von Dem Borne A.E.G.K.
Blood 81:70-76(1993) [PubMed: 8093349] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT MO(+) ALA-433.
[34]"Amino acid 489 is encoded by a mutational 'hot spot' on the beta 3 integrin chain: the CA/TU human platelet alloantigen system."
Wang R., McFarland J.G., Kekomaki R., Newman P.J.
Blood 82:3386-3391(1993) [PubMed: 7694683] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT CA(+)/TU(+) GLN-515, DESCRIPTION OF ALLOANTIGEN SYSTEM CA/TU.
[35]"A point mutation leads to an unpaired cysteine residue and a molecular weight polymorphism of a functional platelet beta 3 integrin subunit. The Sra alloantigen system of GPIIIa."
Santoso S., Kalb R., Kroll H., Walka M., Kiefel V., Mueller-Eckhardt C., Newman P.J.
J. Biol. Chem. 269:8439-8444(1994) [PubMed: 8132570] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT SR(A) CYS-662, DESCRIPTION OF ALLOANTIGEN SYSTEM SR(A).
[36]"A beta 3 integrin mutation abolishes ligand binding and alters divalent cation-dependent conformation."
Loftus J.C., O'Toole T.E., Plow E.F., Glass A., Frelinger A.L. III, Ginsberg M.H.
Science 249:915-918(1990) [PubMed: 2392682] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT TYR-145.
[37]"A spontaneous mutation of integrin alpha IIb beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa) helps define a ligand binding site."
Bajt M.L., Ginsberg M.H., Frelinger A.L. III, Berndt M.C., Loftus J.C.
J. Biol. Chem. 267:3789-3794(1992) [PubMed: 1371279] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT GLN-240.
[38]"A new variant of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (Strasbourg I). Platelets with functionally defective glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complexes and a glycoprotein IIIa 214Arg-->214Trp mutation."
Lanza F., Stierle A., Fournier D., Morales M., Andre G., Nurden A.T., Cazenave J.-P.
J. Clin. Invest. 89:1995-2004(1992) [PubMed: 1602006] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT TRP-240.
[39]"Ser-752-->Pro mutation in the cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta 3 subunit and defective activation of platelet integrin alpha IIb beta 3 (glycoprotein IIb-IIIa) in a variant of Glanzmann thrombasthenia."
Chen Y.-P., Djaffar I., Pidard D., Steiner B., Cieutat A.-M., Caen J.P., Rosa J.-P.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:10169-10173(1992) [PubMed: 1438206] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT PRO-778.
[40]"A Cys374Tyr homozygous mutation of platelet glycoprotein IIIa (beta 3) in a Chinese patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia."
Grimaldi C.M., Chen F., Scudder L.E., Coller B.S., French D.L.
Blood 88:1666-1675(1996) [PubMed: 8781422] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT TYR-400.
[41]"A Leu117-->Trp mutation within the RGD-peptide cross-linking region of beta3 results in Glanzmann thrombasthenia by preventing alphaIIb beta3 export to the platelet surface."
Basani R.B., Brown D.L., Vilaire G., Bennett J.S., Poncz M.
Blood 90:3082-3088(1997) [PubMed: 9376589] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT TRP-143.
[42]"Hematologically important mutations: Glanzmann thrombasthenia."
French D.L., Coller B.S.
Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 23:39-51(1997) [PubMed: 9215749] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANTS GT ASN-145; GLN-242 AND PRO-288.
[43]"Three novel integrin beta3 subunit missense mutations (H280P, C560F, and G579S) in thrombasthenia, including one (H280P) prevalent in Japanese patients."
Ambo H., Kamata T., Handa M., Taki M., Kuwajima M., Kawai Y., Oda A., Murata M., Takada Y., Watanabe K., Ikeda Y.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 251:763-768(1998) [PubMed: 9790984] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANTS GT PRO-306; PHE-586; SER-598 AND SER-605.
[44]"A Ser162-->Leu mutation within glycoprotein (GP) IIIa (integrin beta3) results in an unstable alphaIIbbeta3 complex that retains partial function in a novel form of type II Glanzmann thrombasthenia."
Jackson D.E., White M.M., Jennings L.K., Newman P.J.
Thromb. Haemost. 80:42-48(1998) [PubMed: 9684783] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT LEU-188.
[45]"Homozygous Cys542-->Arg substitution in GPIIIa in a Swiss patient with type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia."
Ruan J., Schmugge M., Clemetson K.J., Cazes E., Combrie R., Bourre F., Nurden A.T.
Br. J. Haematol. 105:523-531(1999) [PubMed: 10233432] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT ARG-568.
[46]"Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes."
Cargill M., Altshuler D., Ireland J., Sklar P., Ardlie K., Patil N., Shaw N., Lane C.R., Lim E.P., Kalyanaraman N., Nemesh J., Ziaugra L., Friedland L., Rolfe A., Warrington J., Lipshutz R., Daley G.Q., Lander E.S.
Nat. Genet. 22:231-238(1999) [PubMed: 10391209] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANTS PRO-59; GLN-169 AND ILE-453.
[47]Erratum
Cargill M., Altshuler D., Ireland J., Sklar P., Ardlie K., Patil N., Shaw N., Lane C.R., Lim E.P., Kalyanaraman N., Nemesh J., Ziaugra L., Friedland L., Rolfe A., Warrington J., Lipshutz R., Daley G.Q., Lander E.S.
Nat. Genet. 23:373-373(1999)
[48]"A point mutation in the cysteine-rich domain of glycoprotein (GP) IIIa results in the expression of a GPIIb-IIIa (alphaIIbbeta3) integrin receptor locked in a high-affinity state and a Glanzmann thrombasthenia-like phenotype."
Ruiz C., Liu C.-Y., Sun Q.-H., Sigaud-Fiks M., Fressinaud E., Muller J.-Y., Nurden P., Nurden A.T., Newman P.J., Valentin N.
Blood 98:2432-2441(2001) [PubMed: 11588040] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT ARG-586, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT GT ARG-586.
[49]"A new platelet polymorphism Duv(a+), localized within the RGD binding domain of glycoprotein IIIa, is associated with neonatal thrombocytopenia."
Jallu V., Meunier M., Brement M., Kaplan C.
Blood 99:4449-4456(2002) [PubMed: 12036875] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT ILE-166, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT ILE-166.
[50]"A novel 196Leu to Pro substitution in the beta3 subunit of the alphaIIbbeta3 integrin in a patient with a variant form of Glanzmann thrombasthenia."
Nurden A.T., Ruan J., Pasquet J.-M., Gauthier B., Combrie R., Kunicki T., Nurden P.
Platelets 13:101-111(2002) [PubMed: 11897046] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT PRO-222.
[51]"Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: identification of 19 new mutations in 30 patients."
D'Andrea G., Colaizzo D., Vecchione G., Grandone E., Di Minno G., Margaglione M.
Thromb. Haemost. 87:1034-1042(2002) [PubMed: 12083483] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANTS GT TRP-119; VAL-243 AND ARG-601.
[52]"Two new beta3 integrin mutations in Indian patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia: localization of mutations affecting cysteine residues in integrin beta3."
Nair S., Li J., Mitchell W.B., Mohanty D., Coller B.S., French D.L.
Thromb. Haemost. 88:503-509(2002) [PubMed: 12353082] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT TYR-532.
[53]"A variant thrombasthenic phenotype associated with compound heterozygosity of integrin beta3-subunit: (Met124Val)beta3 alters the subunit dimerization rendering a decreased number of constitutive active alphaIIbbeta3 receptors."
Gonzalez-Manchon C., Butta N., Larrucea S., Arias-Salgado E.G., Alonso S., Lopez A., Parrilla R.
Thromb. Haemost. 92:1377-1386(2004) [PubMed: 15583747] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT GT VAL-150, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT GT VAL-150.
[54]"Double heterozygosity for a novel missense mutation of Ile304 to Asn in addition to the missense mutation His280 to Pro in the integrin beta3 gene as a cause of the absence of platelet alphaIIbbeta3 in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia."
Tanaka S., Hayashi T., Yoshimura K., Nakayama M., Fujita T., Amano T., Tani Y.
J. Thromb. Haemost. 3:68-73(2005) [PubMed: 15634267] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANTS GT PRO-306 AND ASN-330, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT GT ASN-330.
[55]"Mutations in GPIIIa molecule as a cause for Glanzmann thrombasthenia in Indian patients."
Nair S., Ghosh K., Shetty S., Mohanty D.
J. Thromb. Haemost. 3:482-488(2005) [PubMed: 15748237] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANTS GT CYS-141 AND LEU-321.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

GeneReviews
SHMPD

The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ
J02703 mRNA. Translation: AAA52589.1.
M20311 mRNA. Translation: AAA60122.1.
M35999 mRNA. Translation: AAA35927.1.
U95204 mRNA. Translation: AAB71380.1.
BC127666 mRNA. Translation: AAI27667.1.
BC127667 mRNA. Translation: AAI27668.1.
L28832 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA20880.2.
M32686 expand/collapse EMBL AC list , M32667, M32672, M32673, M32674, M32675, M32680, M32681, M32682, M32685 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA67537.1.
M57494 expand/collapse EMBL AC list , M57481, M57482, M57483, M57484, M57485, M57486, M57487, M57488, M57489, M57490, M57491, M57492, M57493 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA52600.1.
U03881 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA16076.1.
S49379 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB23689.2.
M25108 mRNA. Translation: AAA36121.1.
IPIIPI00220350.
IPI00220351.
IPI00303283.
PIRA26547.
A60798.
B36268.
I77349.
S14324.
RefSeqNP_000203.2.
UniGeneHs.218040

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj
EntryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
1JV2X-ray3.10B27-718[»]
1KUPNMR-B742-766[»]
1KUZNMR-B742-766[»]
1L5GX-ray3.20B27-718[»]
1M1XX-ray3.30B27-718[»]
1M8ONMR-B742-788[»]
1MK7X-ray2.20A/C765-775[»]
1MK9X-ray2.80A/C/E/G765-776[»]
1RN0model-B135-378[»]
1S4XNMR-A742-788[»]
1TYEX-ray2.90B/D/F27-466[»]
1U8CX-ray3.10B27-718[»]
2INImodel-B81-460[»]
B558-716[»]
2K9JNMR-B711-753[»]
2KNCNMR-B715-788[»]
2Q6WX-ray2.25C/F50-61[»]
2RMZNMR-A711-753[»]
2RN0NMR-A711-753[»]
2VC2X-ray3.10B27-487[»]
2VDKX-ray2.80B27-487[»]
2VDLX-ray2.75B27-487[»]
2VDMX-ray2.90B27-487[»]
2VDNX-ray2.90B27-487[»]
2VDOX-ray2.51B27-487[»]
2VDPX-ray2.80B27-487[»]
2VDQX-ray2.59B27-487[»]
2VDRX-ray2.40B27-487[»]
3FCSX-ray2.55B/D27-716[»]
3FCUX-ray2.90B/D/F27-487[»]
3IJEX-ray2.90B27-721[»]
SMRP05106. Positions 711-753.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIPDIP-304N.
IntActP05106. 10 interactions.
STRINGP05106.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteP05106.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEP05106.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENST00000262017; ENSP00000262017; ENSG00000056345; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
GeneID3690.
KEGGhsa:3690.
UCSCuc002ilj.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD3690.
GeneCardsGC17P042686.
H-InvDBHIX0039255.
HGNCHGNC:6156. ITGB3.
HPACAB002501.
MIM173470. gene+phenotype.
273800. phenotype.
Orphanet849. Glanzmann thrombasthenia.
140957. Macrothrombocytopenia with abnormal proplatelet formation, autosomal dominant.
PharmGKBPA205.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGprNOG13368.
HOVERGENHBG006190.
InParanoidP05106.
OMAMKDDLWS.
OrthoDBEOG9SJ80B.
PhylomeDBP05106.

Enzyme and pathway databases

Pathway_Interaction_DBarf6cyclingpathway. Arf6 signaling events.
ephrinbrevpathway. Ephrin B reverse signaling.
il4_2pathway. IL4-mediated signaling events.
avb3_integrin_pathway. Integrins in angiogenesis.
avb3_opn_pathway. Osteopontin-mediated events.
s1p_s1p1_pathway. S1P1 pathway.
s1p_s1p3_pathway. S1P3 pathway.
ptp1bpathway. Signaling events mediated by PTP1B.
vegfr1_2_pathway. Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2.
ReactomeREACT_13552. Integrin cell surface interactions.
REACT_604. Hemostasis.
REACT_6900. Signaling in Immune system.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressP05106.
BgeeP05106.
CleanExHS_ITGB3.
GenevestigatorP05106.
GermOnlineENSG00000056345. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR015812. Integrin_bsu.
IPR015435. Integrin_bsu-3_C.
IPR001169. Integrin_bsu_C.
IPR014836. Integrin_bsu_cyt.
IPR002369. Integrin_bsu_N.
IPR012012. Integrin_bsu_subgr.
IPR012896. Integrin_bsu_tail.
IPR003659. Plexin-like.
IPR002035. VWF_A.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:1.20.5.630. Integrin_bsu_cyt. 1 hit.
PANTHERPTHR10082. Integrin_beta_C. 1 hit.
PTHR10082:SF10. Integrin_bsu-3_C. 1 hit.
PfamPF08725. Integrin_b_cyt. 1 hit.
PF07965. Integrin_B_tail. 1 hit.
PF00362. Integrin_beta. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PIRSFPIRSF002512. Integrin_B. 1 hit.
PRINTSPR01186. INTEGRINB.
SMARTSM00187. INB. 1 hit.
SM00423. PSI. 1 hit.
SM00327. VWA. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
SUPFAMSSF69687. Integrin_bsu_tail. 1 hit.
PROSITEPS00022. EGF_1. 2 hits. Uncertain.
PS01186. EGF_2. 1 hit. Uncertain.
PS00243. INTEGRIN_BETA. 3 hits.
PS50234. VWFA. False negative.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

DrugBankDB00054. Abciximab.
DB00775. Tirofiban.
NextBio14453.
PMAP-CutDBP05106.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry nameITB3_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: P05106
Secondary accession number(s): A0PJW2 expand/collapse secondary AC list , O15495, Q12806, Q13413, Q14648, Q16499
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: August 13, 1987
Last sequence update: February 6, 2007
Last modified: March 2, 2010
This is version 155 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Relevant documents

Human cell differentiation molecules

CD nomenclature of surface proteins of human leucocytes and list of entries

Human chromosome 17

Human chromosome 17: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Metallothioneins

Classification of metallothioneins and list of entries

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PDB cross-references

Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Binary interactions · Alternative products · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents