Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P04971 (VSPA_BOTAT)

Names and origin

Protein names	Recommended name:     Thrombin-like enzyme batroxobin       Short name=BX     EC=3.4.21.74 Alternative name(s):     Bothrops atrox serine proteinase     Venombin-A     Defibrase     Reptilase
Organism	Bothrops atrox (Barba amarilla) (Fer-de-lance)
Taxonomic identifier	8725 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineage	Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Lepidosauria › Squamata › Scleroglossa › Serpentes › Colubroidea › Viperidae › Crotalinae › Bothrops

Protein attributes

Sequence length	255 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Thrombin-like snake venom serine protease. Cleaves Arg-Gly bonds in fibrinogen alpha chains; does not cleave fibrinogen beta chains.
Catalytic activity	Selective cleavage of Arg-|-Xaa bond in fibrinogen, to form fibrin, and release fibrinopeptide A. The specificity of further degradation of fibrinogen varies with species origin of the enzyme.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Expressed by the venom gland.
Biotechnological use	Is used for the investigation of the last phase of blood coagulation. Due to its heparin insensitivity it can detect fibrinogen polymerization disorders even in the presence of heparin.
Pharmaceutical use	Available under the name Defibrase (Pentapharm) for the treatment of thrombotic diseases.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Snake venom subfamily. Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Hydrolase Protease Serine protease Toxin
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein Zymogen
Technical term	Pharmaceutical
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	pathogenesis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW proteolysis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Cellular component	extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular function	serine-type endopeptidase activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 18	18	By similarity
	Propeptide	19 – 24	6			PRO_0000028379
	Chain	25 – 255	231	Thrombin-like enzyme batroxobin		PRO_0000028380
Regions
	Domain	25 – 247	223	Peptidase S1
Sites
	Active site	65	1	Charge relay system By similarity
	Active site	110	1	Charge relay system By similarity
	Active site	202	1	Charge relay system By similarity
	Site	196	1	Required for specificity By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Glycosylation	170	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...)
	Glycosylation	249	1	N-linked (GlcNAc...)
	Disulfide bond	31 ↔ 163		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	50 ↔ 66		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	98 ↔ 254		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	142 ↔ 208		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	174 ↔ 187		By similarity
	Disulfide bond	198 ↔ 223		By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P04971-1 [UniParc]. Last modified August 13, 1987. Version 1. Checksum: BE155BBC5DF8431B	FASTA	255	28,189
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MVLIRVIANL LILQVSYAQK SSELVIGGDE CDINEHPFLA FMYYSPRYFC GMTLINQEWV 70 80 90 100 110 120 LTAAHCNRRF MRIHLGKHAG SVANYDEVVR YPKEKFICPN KKKNVITDKD IMLIRLDRPV 130 140 150 160 170 180 KNSEHIAPLS LPSNPPSVGS VCRIMGWGAI TTSEDTYPDV PHCANINLFN NTVCREAYNG 190 200 210 220 230 240 LPAKTLCAGV LQGGIDTCGG DSGGPLICNG QFQGILSWGS DPCAEPRKPA FYTKVFDYLP 250 WIQSIIAGNK TATCP

References

[1]	"Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for batroxobin, a thrombin-like snake venom enzyme." Itoh N., Tanaka N., Mihashi S., Yamashina I. J. Biol. Chem. 262:3132-3135(1987) [PubMed: 3546302] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Venom gland.
[2]	"Organization of the gene for batroxobin, a thrombin-like snake venom enzyme. Homology with the trypsin/kallikrein gene family." Itoh N., Tanaka N., Funakoshi I., Kawasaki T., Mihashi S., Yamashina I. J. Biol. Chem. 263:7628-7631(1988) [PubMed: 3163691] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for batroxobin, a thrombin-like snake venom enzyme." Itoh N., Tanaka N., Funakoshi I., Kawasaki T., Mihashi S., Yamashima I. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:10377-10378(1988) [PubMed: 3194214] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The coagulant enzyme from Bothrops atrox venom (batroxobin)." Stocker K., Barlow G.H. Methods Enzymol. 45:214-223(1976) [PubMed: 1011993] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION.
[5]	"Carbohydrate structure analysis of batroxobin, a thrombin-like serine protease from Bothrops moojeni venom." Lochnit G., Geyer R. Eur. J. Biochem. 228:805-816(1995) [PubMed: 7737180] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATE ON ASN-170 AND ASN-249.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	J02684 mRNA. Translation: AAA48552.1. X12747 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA31240.1. M20894 , M20890, M20891, M20892, M20893 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA48553.1. Sequence problems.
PIR	A28169.
3D structure databases
HSSP	HSSP built from PDB template 1EZX based on UniProtKB P00760.
ModBase	Search...
Protein family/group databases
MEROPS	S01.176.
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	P04971.
Enzyme and pathway databases
BRENDA	3.4.21.74. 18615.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR018114. Peptidase_S1/S6_AS. IPR001254. Peptidase_S1_S6. IPR001314. Peptidase_S1A. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00089. Trypsin. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00722. CHYMOTRYPSIN.
SMART	SM00020. Tryp_SPc. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS50240. TRYPSIN_DOM. 1 hit. PS00134. TRYPSIN_HIS. 1 hit. PS00135. TRYPSIN_SER. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

VSPA_BOTAT

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P04971

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 13, 1987
Last sequence update:	August 13, 1987
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 73 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

Tox-Prot (Toxin Annotation Project)