P04899 (GNAI2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 1, 2013.
Version 154.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 Alternative name(s): Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G alpha protein | ||||
| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 355 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division. Ref.4 Ref.12 Isoform sGi2: Regulates the cell surface density of dopamine receptors DRD2 by sequestrating them as an intracellular pool. Ref.4 Ref.12 |
| Subunit structure | G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site. Interacts with GPSM1. Interacts with RGS12 and RGS14 By similarity. Interacts with UNC5B. Ref.11 |
| Subcellular location | Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › centrosome. Cell membrane. Note: Localizes in the centrosomes of interphase and mitotic cells. Detected at the cleavage furrow and/or the midbody. Ref.12 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(i/o/t/z) subfamily. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDFI | Q99750 | 2 | EBI-353997,EBI-724076 |
Alternative products
| This entry describes 4 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select] | ||||||
| Isoform 1 (identifier: P04899-1) This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry. | ||||||
| Isoform 2 (identifier: P04899-2) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-39: MGCTVSAEDKAAAERSKMIDKNLREDGEKAAREVKLLLL → MEYAGHLPASSAQGTILACTSCT | ||||||
| Isoform 3 (identifier: P04899-3) The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 1-39: MGCTVSAEDKAAAERSKMIDKNLREDGEKAAREVKLLLL → MR | ||||||
| Note: No experimental confirmation available. | ||||||
| Isoform sGi2 (identifier: P04899-4) Also known as: sGalphai2; The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows: 332-355: NVQFVFDAVTDVIIKNNLKDCGLF → SRKLFRETYLKLSGPDQHPHPSPAPAPPLSSDSVP |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain | 1 – 355 | 355 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 | PRO_0000203679 | |||||
Regions | |||||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 40 – 47 | 8 | GTP By similarity | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 176 – 182 | 7 | GTP By similarity | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 201 – 205 | 5 | GTP By similarity | ||||||
| Nucleotide binding | 270 – 273 | 4 | GTP By similarity | ||||||
Sites | |||||||||
| Metal binding | 47 | 1 | Magnesium By similarity | ||||||
| Metal binding | 182 | 1 | Magnesium By similarity | ||||||
| Binding site | 327 | 1 | GTP; via amide nitrogen By similarity | ||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 179 | 1 | ADP-ribosylarginine; by cholera toxin By similarity | ||||||
| Modified residue | 352 | 1 | ADP-ribosylcysteine; by pertussis toxin By similarity | ||||||
| Lipidation | 2 | 1 | N-myristoyl glycine | ||||||
| Lipidation | 3 | 1 | S-palmitoyl cysteine By similarity | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 39 | 39 | MGCTV…KLLLL → MEYAGHLPASSAQGTILACT SCT in isoform 2. | VSP_017497 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 1 – 39 | 39 | MGCTV…KLLLL → MR in isoform 3. | VSP_043473 | |||||
| Alternative sequence | 332 – 355 | 24 | NVQFV…DCGLF → SRKLFRETYLKLSGPDQHPH PSPAPAPPLSSDSVP in isoform sGi2. | VSP_043903 | |||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Human Gi protein alpha-subunit: deduction of amino acid structure from a cloned cDNA." Didsbury J.R., Ho Y.-S., Snyderman R. FEBS Lett. 211:160-164(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [2] | "A small multigene family encodes Gi signal-transduction proteins." Beals C.R., Wilson C.B., Perlmutter R.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:7886-7890(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "Presence of three distinct molecular species of Gi protein alpha subunit. Structure of rat cDNAs and human genomic DNAs." Itoh H., Toyama R., Kozasa T., Tsukamoto T., Matsuoka M., Kaziro Y. J. Biol. Chem. 263:6656-6664(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "Role of a Galphai2 protein splice variant in the formation of an intracellular dopamine D2 receptor pool." Lopez-Aranda M.F., Acevedo M.J., Gutierrez A., Koulen P., Khan Z.U. J. Cell Sci. 120:2171-2178(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM SGI2), FUNCTION. Tissue: Brain. |
| [5] | "cDNA clones of human proteins involved in signal transduction sequenced by the Guthrie cDNA resource center (www.cdna.org)." Puhl H.L. III, Ikeda S.R., Aronstam R.S. Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). |
| [6] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 3). Tissue: Testis. |
| [7] | "The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3." Muzny D.M., Scherer S.E., Kaul R., Wang J., Yu J., Sudbrak R., Buhay C.J., Chen R., Cree A., Ding Y., Dugan-Rocha S., Gill R., Gunaratne P., Harris R.A., Hawes A.C., Hernandez J., Hodgson A.V., Hume J. Gibbs R.A.Nature 440:1194-1198(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [8] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [9] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2). Tissue: Kidney and Mammary gland. |
| [10] | "Cloning and characterization of the human gene for the alpha-subunit of Gi2, a GTP-binding signal transduction protein." Weinstein L.S., Spiegel A.M., Carter A.D. FEBS Lett. 232:333-340(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-39. |
| [11] | "Modulation of G(ialpha(2)) signaling by the axonal guidance molecule UNC5H2." Komatsuzaki K., Dalvin S., Kinane T.B. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 297:898-905(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INTERACTION WITH UNC5B. |
| [12] | "Localization of Gi alpha proteins in the centrosomes and at the midbody: implication for their role in cell division." Cho H., Kehrl J.H. J. Cell Biol. 178:245-255(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. |
| [13] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | X04828 mRNA. Translation: CAA28512.1. J03004 mRNA. Translation: AAA52556.1. Sequence problems. M20593 M20592 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA35894.1.AY677118 mRNA. Translation: AAT78421.1. AF493906 mRNA. Translation: AAM12620.1. AK302330 mRNA. Translation: BAG63662.1. AC002077 Genomic DNA. No translation available. U73166 Genomic DNA. No translation available. U73169 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471055 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW65056.1. BC012138 mRNA. Translation: AAH12138.1. BC016995 mRNA. Translation: AAH16995.1. X07854 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA30703.1. |
| IPI | IPI00217906. IPI00748145. IPI00926935. IPI01015661. |
| PIR | RGHUI2. S02319. |
| RefSeq | NP_001159897.1. NM_001166425.1. NP_002061.1. NM_002070.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.77269. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P04899. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| DIP | DIP-602N. |
| IntAct | P04899. 18 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-139884. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000312999. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P04899. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 121023. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P04899. |
| PRIDE | P04899. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 2771. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000266027; ENSP00000266027; ENSG00000114353. ENST00000313601; ENSP00000312999; ENSG00000114353. ENST00000451956; ENSP00000406369; ENSG00000114353. ENST00000574925; ENSP00000460235; ENSG00000263156. ENST00000576852; ENSP00000460226; ENSG00000263156. |
| GeneID | 2771. |
| KEGG | hsa:2771. |
| UCSC | uc003cyo.1. human. uc003cyq.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 2771. |
| GeneCards | GC03P050263. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0003320. |
| HGNC | HGNC:4385. GNAI2. |
| HPA | HPA007704. |
| MIM | 139360. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_P04899. |
| PharmGKB | PA24347. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG322962. |
| HOGENOM | HOG000038730. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG063184. |
| InParanoid | P04899. |
| KO | K04630. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4WDDC1. |
| PhylomeDB | P04899. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | endothelinpathway. Endothelins. hedgehog_glipathway. Hedgehog signaling events mediated by Gli proteins. lysophospholipid_pathway. LPA receptor mediated events. er_nongenomic_pathway. Plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling. s1p_s1p1_pathway. S1P1 pathway. s1p_s1p2_pathway. S1P2 pathway. s1p_s1p3_pathway. S1P3 pathway. s1p_s1p4_pathway. S1P4 pathway. s1p_s1p5_pathway. S1P5 pathway. s1p_meta_pathway. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway. txa2pathway. Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling. |
| Reactome | REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. REACT_111217. Metabolism. REACT_13685. Neuronal System. REACT_604. Hemostasis. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P04899. |
| Bgee | P04899. |
| CleanEx | HS_GNAI2. |
| Genevestigator | P04899. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000114353. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| Gene3D | 1.10.400.10. 1 hit. |
| InterPro | IPR001408. Gprotein_alpha_I. IPR001019. Gprotein_alpha_su. IPR011025. GproteinA_insert. [Graphical view] |
| PANTHER | PTHR10218. PTHR10218. 1 hit. |
| Pfam | PF00503. G-alpha. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00318. GPROTEINA. PR00441. GPROTEINAI. |
| SMART | SM00275. G_alpha. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SUPFAM | SSF47895. Transducn_insert. 1 hit. |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChiTaRS | GNAI2. human. |
| GenomeRNAi | 2771. |
| NextBio | 10900. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | GNAI2_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P04899 Secondary accession number(s): B4DYA0, Q6B6N3, Q8IZ71 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 3 Human chromosome 3: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
