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P04899 (GNAI2_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Last modified January 25, 2012. Version 140. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (3) | Third-party data text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
to top of pageNames·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Alt products·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2
Alternative name(s):
Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G alpha protein
Gene names
Name:GNAI2
Synonyms:GNAI2B
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length355 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division. Ref.9

Subunit structure

G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site. Interacts with GPSM1. Interacts with RGS12 and RGS14 By similarity. Interacts with UNC5B. Ref.7

Subcellular location

Cytoplasm. Cytoplasmcytoskeletoncentrosome. Cell membrane. Note: Localizes in the centrosomes of interphase and mitotic cells. Detected at the cleavage furrow and/or the midbody. Ref.9

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(i/o/t/z) subfamily.

Ontologies

Keywords
   Biological processCell cycle
Cell division
   Cellular componentCell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Membrane
   Coding sequence diversityAlternative splicing
   LigandGTP-binding
Magnesium
Metal-binding
Nucleotide-binding
   Molecular functionTransducer
   PTMADP-ribosylation
Lipoprotein
Myristate
Palmitate
Phosphoprotein
   Technical termComplete proteome
Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
   Biological processadenosine receptor signaling pathway

Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome

cell cycle

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

cell division

Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.9. Source: UniProtKB

gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway

Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome

inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling pathway

Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome

negative regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome

platelet activation

Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome

response to nutrient

Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc

synaptic transmission

Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome

   Cellular componentcentrosome

Inferred from direct assay Ref.9. Source: UniProtKB

heterotrimeric G-protein complex

Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome

midbody

Inferred from direct assay Ref.9. Source: UniProtKB

   Molecular functionG-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding

Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome

G-protein coupled receptor binding

Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome

GTP binding

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

GTPase activity

Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome

guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome

metal ion binding

Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW

phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity

Traceable author statement. Source: Reactome

signal transducer activity

Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. Source: RefGenome

Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With

Entry

#Exp.

IntAct

Notes

MDFIQ997502EBI-353997,EBI-724076

Alternative products

This entry describes 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing. [Align] [Select]
Isoform 1 (identifier: P04899-1)

This isoform has been chosen as the 'canonical' sequence. All positional information in this entry refers to it. This is also the sequence that appears in the downloadable versions of the entry.
Isoform 2 (identifier: P04899-2)

The sequence of this isoform differs from the canonical sequence as follows:
     1-39: MGCTVSAEDKAAAERSKMIDKNLREDGEKAAREVKLLLL → MEYAGHLPASSAQGTILACTSCT

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Initiator methionine11Removed By similarity
Chain2 – 355354Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2
PRO_0000203679

Regions

Nucleotide binding40 – 478GTP By similarity
Nucleotide binding176 – 1827GTP By similarity
Nucleotide binding201 – 2055GTP By similarity
Nucleotide binding270 – 2734GTP By similarity

Sites

Metal binding471Magnesium By similarity
Metal binding1821Magnesium By similarity
Binding site3271GTP; via amide nitrogen By similarity

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue691Phosphotyrosine Ref.8
Modified residue1791ADP-ribosylarginine; by cholera toxin By similarity
Modified residue3521ADP-ribosylcysteine; by pertussis toxin By similarity
Lipidation21N-myristoyl glycine By similarity
Lipidation31S-palmitoyl cysteine By similarity

Natural variations

Alternative sequence1 – 3939MGCTV…KLLLL → MEYAGHLPASSAQGTILACT SCT in isoform 2.
VSP_017497

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
Isoform 1 [UniParc].

Last modified January 23, 2007. Version 3.
Checksum: BE6D6FF720CF3DCC

FASTA35540,451
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MGCTVSAEDK AAAERSKMID KNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKSTIV KQMKIIHEDG 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
YSEEECRQYR AVVYSNTIQS IMAIVKAMGN LQIDFADPSR ADDARQLFAL SCTAEEQGVL 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
PDDLSGVIRR LWADHGVQAC FGRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL ERIAQSDYIP TQQDVLRTRV 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
KTTGIVETHF TFKDLHFKMF DVGGQRSERK KWIHCFEGVT AIIFCVALSA YDLVLAEDEE 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
MNRMHESMKL FDSICNNKWF TDTSIILFLN KKDLFEEKIT HSPLTICFPE YTGANKYDEA 

       310        320        330        340        350 
ASYIQSKFED LNKRKDTKEI YTHFTCATDT KNVQFVFDAV TDVIIKNNLK DCGLF 

« Hide

Isoform 2 [UniParc].

Checksum: F14AB734881535C5
Show »

FASTA33938,473

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"Human Gi protein alpha-subunit: deduction of amino acid structure from a cloned cDNA."
Didsbury J.R., Ho Y.-S., Snyderman R.
FEBS Lett. 211:160-164(1987) [PubMed: 3100330] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[2]"A small multigene family encodes Gi signal-transduction proteins."
Beals C.R., Wilson C.B., Perlmutter R.M.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:7886-7890(1987) [PubMed: 3120178] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]"Presence of three distinct molecular species of Gi protein alpha subunit. Structure of rat cDNAs and human genomic DNAs."
Itoh H., Toyama R., Kozasa T., Tsukamoto T., Matsuoka M., Kaziro Y.
J. Biol. Chem. 263:6656-6664(1988) [PubMed: 2834384] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[4]"cDNA clones of human proteins involved in signal transduction sequenced by the Guthrie cDNA resource center (www.cdna.org)."
Puhl H.L. III, Ikeda S.R., Aronstam R.S.
Submitted (MAR-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
[5]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1 AND 2).
Tissue: Kidney and Mammary gland.
[6]"Cloning and characterization of the human gene for the alpha-subunit of Gi2, a GTP-binding signal transduction protein."
Weinstein L.S., Spiegel A.M., Carter A.D.
FEBS Lett. 232:333-340(1988) [PubMed: 2837412] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-39.
[7]"Modulation of G(ialpha(2)) signaling by the axonal guidance molecule UNC5H2."
Komatsuzaki K., Dalvin S., Kinane T.B.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 297:898-905(2002) [PubMed: 12359238] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH UNC5B.
[8]"Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer."
Rikova K., Guo A., Zeng Q., Possemato A., Yu J., Haack H., Nardone J., Lee K., Reeves C., Li Y., Hu Y., Tan Z., Stokes M., Sullivan L., Mitchell J., Wetzel R., Macneill J., Ren J.M. expand/collapse author list , Yuan J., Bakalarski C.E., Villen J., Kornhauser J.M., Smith B., Li D., Zhou X., Gygi S.P., Gu T.-L., Polakiewicz R.D., Rush J., Comb M.J.
Cell 131:1190-1203(2007) [PubMed: 18083107] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT TYR-69, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
Tissue: Lung carcinoma.
[9]"Localization of Gi alpha proteins in the centrosomes and at the midbody: implication for their role in cell division."
Cho H., Kehrl J.H.
J. Cell Biol. 178:245-255(2007) [PubMed: 17635935] [Abstract]
Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
[10]"Initial characterization of the human central proteome."
Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.
BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed: 21269460] [Abstract]
Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ
X04828 mRNA. Translation: CAA28512.1.
J03004 mRNA. Translation: AAA52556.1. Sequence problems.
M20593 expand/collapse EMBL AC list , M20586, M20587, M20588, M20589, M20590, M20591, M20592 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA35894.1.
AF493906 mRNA. Translation: AAM12620.1.
BC012138 mRNA. Translation: AAH12138.1.
BC016995 mRNA. Translation: AAH16995.1.
X07854 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA30703.1.
IPIIPI00217906.
IPI00748145.
PIRRGHUI2. S02319.
RefSeqNP_002061.1. NM_002070.2.
UniGeneHs.77269.

3D structure databases

ProteinModelPortalP04899.
SMRP04899. Positions 5-354.
ModBaseSearch...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIPDIP-602N.
IntActP04899. 18 interactions.
MINTMINT-139884.
STRINGP04899.

PTM databases

PhosphoSiteP04899.

Polymorphism databases

DMDM121023.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEP04899.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebaseSearch...

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENST00000313601; ENSP00000312999; ENSG00000114353.
GeneID2771.
KEGGhsa:2771.
UCSCuc003cyo.1. human.
uc003cyq.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD2771.
GeneCardsGC03P050263.
H-InvDBHIX0003320.
HGNCHGNC:4385. GNAI2.
HPAHPA007704.
MIM139360. gene.
neXtProtNX_P04899.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOGprNOG04726.
HOVERGENHBG063184.
InParanoidP04899.
OMAVIRRLWS.
OrthoDBEOG4WDDC1.
PhylomeDBP04899.

Enzyme and pathway databases

Pathway_Interaction_DBendothelinpathway. Endothelins.
hedgehog_glipathway. Hedgehog signaling events mediated by Gli proteins.
lysophospholipid_pathway. LPA receptor mediated events.
er_nongenomic_pathway. Plasma membrane estrogen receptor signaling.
s1p_s1p1_pathway. S1P1 pathway.
s1p_s1p2_pathway. S1P2 pathway.
s1p_s1p3_pathway. S1P3 pathway.
s1p_s1p4_pathway. S1P4 pathway.
s1p_s1p5_pathway. S1P5 pathway.
s1p_meta_pathway. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway.
txa2pathway. Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling.
ReactomeREACT_111102. Signal Transduction.
REACT_111217. Metabolism.
REACT_13685. Neuronal System.
REACT_604. Hemostasis.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressP04899.
BgeeP04899.
CleanExHS_GNAI2.
GenevestigatorP04899.
GermOnlineENSG00000114353. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR001408. Gprotein_alpha_I.
IPR001019. Gprotein_alpha_su.
IPR011025. GproteinA_insert.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:1.10.400.10. GproteinA_insert. 1 hit.
KOK04630.
PANTHERPTHR10218. Gprotein_alph_bd. 1 hit.
PfamPF00503. G-alpha. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PRINTSPR00318. GPROTEINA.
PR00441. GPROTEINAI.
SMARTSM00275. G_alpha. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
SUPFAMSSF47895. Transducn_insert. 1 hit.
ProtoNetSearch...

Other

NextBio10900.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry nameGNAI2_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: P04899
Secondary accession number(s): Q8IZ71
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: August 13, 1987
Last sequence update: January 23, 2007
Last modified: January 25, 2012
This is version 140 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation programChordata Protein Annotation Program
DisclaimerAny medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 3

Human chromosome 3: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families