P04751 (ACTC_XENLA) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1

Alternative name(s):
Actin alpha 1
Alpha-cardiac actin

Gene names

Name:	actc1
Synonyms:	acta1, actc

Organism

Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)

Taxonomic identifier

8355 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amphibia › Batrachia › Anura › Pipoidea › Pipidae › Xenopodinae › Xenopus › Xenopus

Protein attributes

Sequence length	377 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility.
Subunit structure	Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to 4 others.
Subcellular location	Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton.
Tissue specificity	Shows overlapping but distinct expression patterns with other actins. In tailbud embryos, expressed in embryonic muscle (myotomes). In adults, expressed only in heart muscle. Ref.4 Ref.5
Developmental stage	Expressed from the end of gastrulation. Ref.4
Post-translational modification	Oxidation of Met-46 by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) to form methionine sulfoxide promotes actin filament depolymerization. Methionine sulfoxide is produced stereospecifically, but it is not known whether the (S)-S-oxide or the (R)-S-oxide is produced By similarity.
Miscellaneous	Xenopus contains at least three sarcomeric alpha actin genes that are preferentially expressed in either heart or skeletal muscle. Due to the tetraploid nature of Xenopus laevis, each of these three alpha actin genes is present in at least two copies. The cardiac versus skeletal expression patterns of actins are probably sequence-dependent. For example, cardiac actins contain a Glu at position 3 of the mature peptide, whereas skeletal actins contain an Asp at this position.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the actin family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton
Ligand	ATP-binding Nucleotide-binding
Molecular function	Muscle protein
PTM	Acetylation Methylation Oxidation
Gene Ontology (GO)
Cellular_component	cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW cytoskeleton Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular_function	ATP binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Propeptide	1 – 2	2	Removed in mature form By similarity		PRO_0000000820
	Chain	3 – 377	375	Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1		PRO_0000000821
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	3	1	N-acetylaspartate By similarity
	Modified residue	46	1	Methionine sulfoxide By similarity
	Modified residue	75	1	Tele-methylhistidine By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P04751 [UniParc]. Last modified August 13, 1987. Version 1. Checksum: C3E276EFA11CD1B5	FASTA	377	42,016
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MCDDEETTAL VCDNGSGLVK AGFAGDDAPR AVFPSIVGRP RHQGVMVGMG QKDSYVGDEA 70 80 90 100 110 120 QSKRGILTLK YPIEHGIITN WDDMEKIWHH TFYNELRVAP EEHPTLLTEA PLNPKANREK 130 140 150 160 170 180 MTQIMFETFN VPAMYVAIQA VLSLYASGRT TGIVLDSGDG VTHNVPIYEG YALPHAIQRL 190 200 210 220 230 240 DLAGRDLTDY LMKILTERGY SFVTTAEREI VRDIKEKLCY VALDFENEMA TAASSSSLEK 250 260 270 280 290 300 SYELPDGQVI TIGNERFRCP ETLFQPSFIG MESAGIHETT YNSIMKCDID IRKDLYANNV 310 320 330 340 350 360 LSGGTTMYPG IADRMQKEIT ALAPSTMKIK IIAPPERKYS VWIGGSILAS LSTFQQMWIS 370 KQEYDEAGPS IVHRKCF

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Upstream sequences required for tissue-specific activation of the cardiac actin gene in Xenopus laevis embryos." Mohun T.J., Garrett N., Gurdon J.B. EMBO J. 5:3185-3193(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[2]	"Isolation and characterization of sarcomeric actin genes expressed in Xenopus laevis embryos." Stutz F., Spohr G. J. Mol. Biol. 187:349-361(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-43.
[3]	NIH - Xenopus Gene Collection (XGC) project Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Embryo and Heart.
[4]	"Cell type-specific activation of actin genes in the early amphibian embryo." Mohun T.J., Brennan S., Dathan N., Fairman S., Gurdon J.B. Nature 311:716-721(1984) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
[5]	"A third striated muscle actin gene is expressed during early development in the amphibian Xenopus laevis." Mohun T.J., Garrett N., Stutz F., Spohr G. J. Mol. Biol. 202:67-76(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	X04669 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA28375.1. X03469 mRNA. Translation: CAA27186.1. BC041197 mRNA. Translation: AAH41197.1. BC077221 mRNA. Translation: AAH77221.1. BC099316 mRNA. Translation: AAH99316.1.
PIR	A24848. A25705.
RefSeq	NP_001080060.1. NM_001086591.1.
UniGene	Xl.1115.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P04751.
SMR	P04751. Positions 6-377.
ModBase	Search...
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
GeneID	379752.
KEGG	xla:379752.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	70.
Xenbase	XB-GENE-865367. actc1.
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	HBG003771.
KO	K10354.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR004000. Actin-related. IPR020902. Actin/actin-like_CS. IPR004001. Actin_CS. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR11937. PTHR11937. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00022. Actin. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00190. ACTIN.
SMART	SM00268. ACTIN. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PROSITE	PS00406. ACTINS_1. 1 hit. PS00432. ACTINS_2. 1 hit. PS01132. ACTINS_ACT_LIKE. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

ACTC_XENLA

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P04751
Secondary accession number(s): Q6AZU8

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 13, 1987
Last sequence update:	August 13, 1987
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 82 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program