P04595 (VIF_HV2RO) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Virion infectivity factor
Short name=Vif

Alternative name(s):
Q protein
SOR protein

Gene names

Name:

vif

Organism

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype A (isolate ROD) (HIV-2) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

11720 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Viruses › Retro-transcribing viruses › Retroviridae › Orthoretrovirinae › Lentivirus › Primate lentivirus group › Human immunodeficiency virus 2 › HIV-2 subtype A

Virus host

Homo sapiens (Human) [TaxID: 9606]

Protein attributes

Sequence length	215 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Protein existence	Evidence at transcript level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Counteracts the innate antiviral activity of APOBEC3G. Forms a complex with host APOBEC3G thus preventing the entry of this lethally hypermutating enzyme into progeny virions. Functions as an adapter molecule, recruiting APOBEC3G to the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery. Targets APOBEC3G for degradation through the assembly with elongin BC complex, CUL5 and RBX1. Binds viral RNA and affects the stability of viral nucleoprotein core. May play a role in viral morphology By similarity.
Subunit structure	Homomultimer; in vitro and presumably in vivo. Interacts with viral Pr55Gag precursor and human APOBEC3G. The interaction between Vif and APOBEC3G is species-specific, which may play a role in restricting the replication of HIV to humans. Forms an E3 ligase complex by interacting with human CUL5 and elongin BC complex (TCEB1 and TCEB2) By similarity.
Subcellular location	Host cytoplasm By similarity. Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side By similarity. Virion By similarity. Note: In the cytoplasm, seems to colocalize with intermediate filament vimentin. A fraction is associated with the cytoplasmic side of cellular membranes, presumably via the interaction with Pr55Gag precursor By similarity.
Induction	Expressed late during infection in a Rev-dependent manner.
Domain	The BC-like-box motif mediates the interaction with elongin BC complex By similarity. The HCCH motif (H-x(5)-C-x(18)-C-x(5)-H) mediates the interaction with CUL5 By similarity.
Post-translational modification	Processed in virion by the viral protease By similarity. Highly phosphorylated on serines and threonines residues By similarity. Polyubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome in the presence of APOBEC3G By similarity.
Miscellaneous	Required for replication in 'nonpermissive' cells, including primary T-cells, macrophages and certain T-cell lines, but is dispensable for replication in 'permissive' cell lines, such as 293T cells. In nonpermissive cells, Vif-defective viruses can produce virions, but they fail to complete reverse transcription and cannot successfully infect new cells. Vif-defective viruses show catastrophic failure in reverse transcription due to APOBEC-induced mutations that initiate a DNA base repair pathway and compromise the structural integrity of the ssDNA. In the absence of Vif, the virion is morphologically abnormal.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the primate lentivirus group Vif protein family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Host-virus interaction Ubl conjugation pathway
Cellular component	Host cell membrane Host cytoplasm Host membrane Membrane Virion
Disease	AIDS
PTM	Phosphoprotein Ubl conjugation
Technical term	Complete proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	viral infectious cycle Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro virus-host interaction Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular_component	host cell cytoplasm Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell host cell plasma membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell membrane Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW virion Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Chain	1 – 215	215	Virion infectivity factor		PRO_0000085324
Regions
	Region	154 – 167	14	Multimerization By similarity
	Motif	110 – 141	32	HCCH motif By similarity
	Motif	147 – 156	10	BC-box-like motif By similarity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	98	1	Phosphothreonine; by host MAP4K1 By similarity
	Modified residue	147	1	Phosphoserine; by host By similarity

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P04595 [UniParc]. Last modified August 13, 1987. Version 1. Checksum: 0E26725392811DE0	FASTA	215	25,512
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MEEDKRWIVV PTWRVPGRME KWHSLVKYLK YKTKDLEKVC YVPHHKVGWA WWTCSRVIFP 70 80 90 100 110 120 LKGNSHLEIQ AYWNLTPEKG WLSSYSVRIT WYTEKFWTDV TPDCADVLIH STYFPCFTAG 130 140 150 160 170 180 EVRRAIRGEK LLSCCNYPRA HRAQVPSLQF LALVVVQQND RPQRDSTTRK QRRRDYRRGL 190 200 210 RLAKQDSRSH KQRSSESPTP RTYFPGVAEV LEILA

References

[1]	"Genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2." Guyader M., Emerman M., Sonigo P., Clavel F., Montagnier L., Alizon M. Nature 326:662-669(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	M15390 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB00765.1. X05291 Genomic RNA. Translation: CAA28910.1.
PIR	ASLJS2. G26262.
3D structure databases
ModBase	Search...
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR000475. Viral_infect. [Graphical view]
Pfam	PF00559. Vif. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PRINTS	PR00349. VIRIONINFFCT.
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

VIF_HV2RO

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P04595

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	August 13, 1987
Last sequence update:	August 13, 1987
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 69 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Viral Protein Annotation Program