ID   PRM2_HUMAN              Reviewed;         102 AA.
AC   P04554; Q6ZMM0;
DT   13-AUG-1987, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-NOV-1990, sequence version 3.
DT   11-NOV-2015, entry version 134.
DE   RecName: Full=Protamine-2;
DE   AltName: Full=Sperm histone P2;
DE   AltName: Full=Sperm protamine P2;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Basic nuclear protein HPI1;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Basic nuclear protein HPI2;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Basic nuclear protein HPS1;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Basic nuclear protein HPS2;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Sperm histone HP4;
DE     AltName: Full=Sperm protamine P4;
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Sperm histone HP2;
DE     AltName: Full=Sperm protamine P2;
DE              Short=P2';
DE   Contains:
DE     RecName: Full=Sperm histone HP3;
DE     AltName: Full=P2'';
DE     AltName: Full=Sperm protamine P3;
GN   Name=PRM2;
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
OC   Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
OC   Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC   TISSUE=Testis;
RX   PubMed=3412906; DOI=10.1093/nar/16.15.7733;
RA   Domenjoud L., Fronia C., Uhde F., Engel W.;
RT   "Sequence of human protamine 2 cDNA.";
RL   Nucleic Acids Res. 16:7733-7733(1988).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=2081589; DOI=10.1016/0888-7543(90)90234-L;
RA   Domenjoud L., Nussbaum G., Adham I.M., Greeske G., Engel W.;
RT   "Genomic sequences of human protamines whose genes, PRM1 and PRM2, are
RT   clustered.";
RL   Genomics 8:127-133(1990).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=7983046;
RA   Nelson J.E., Krawetz S.A.;
RT   "Characterization of a human locus in transition.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 269:31067-31073(1994).
RN   [4]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=10659848; DOI=10.1038/35002070;
RA   Wyckoff G.J., Wang W., Wu C.-I.;
RT   "Rapid evolution of male reproductive genes in the descent of man.";
RL   Nature 403:304-309(2000).
RN   [5]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2).
RC   TISSUE=Testis;
RX   PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285;
RA   Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R.,
RA   Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H.,
RA   Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S.,
RA   Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K.,
RA   Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A.,
RA   Sudo H., Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M.,
RA   Takahashi M., Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y.,
RA   Abe K., Kamihara K., Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M.,
RA   Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K.,
RA   Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S.,
RA   Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J.,
RA   Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y.,
RA   Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., Arita M., Imose N.,
RA   Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., Aotsuka S.,
RA   Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S.,
RA   Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O.,
RA   Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H.,
RA   Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B.,
RA   Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y.,
RA   Fujimori Y., Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T.,
RA   Ono T., Yamada K., Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y.,
RA   Kawabata A., Hikiji T., Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S.,
RA   Okitani R., Kawakami T., Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T.,
RA   Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M.,
RA   Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., Watanabe M., Komatsu T.,
RA   Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K.,
RA   Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., Masuho Y., Yamashita R.,
RA   Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., Isogai T., Sugano S.;
RT   "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human
RT   cDNAs.";
RL   Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004).
RN   [6]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=15616553; DOI=10.1038/nature03187;
RA   Martin J., Han C., Gordon L.A., Terry A., Prabhakar S., She X.,
RA   Xie G., Hellsten U., Chan Y.M., Altherr M., Couronne O., Aerts A.,
RA   Bajorek E., Black S., Blumer H., Branscomb E., Brown N.C., Bruno W.J.,
RA   Buckingham J.M., Callen D.F., Campbell C.S., Campbell M.L.,
RA   Campbell E.W., Caoile C., Challacombe J.F., Chasteen L.A.,
RA   Chertkov O., Chi H.C., Christensen M., Clark L.M., Cohn J.D.,
RA   Denys M., Detter J.C., Dickson M., Dimitrijevic-Bussod M., Escobar J.,
RA   Fawcett J.J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Glavina T., Gomez M.,
RA   Gonzales E., Goodstein D., Goodwin L.A., Grady D.L., Grigoriev I.,
RA   Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Hildebrand C.E., Huang W.,
RA   Israni S., Jett J., Jewett P.B., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A.,
RA   Krawczyk M.-C., Leyba T., Longmire J.L., Lopez F., Lou Y., Lowry S.,
RA   Ludeman T., Manohar C.F., Mark G.A., McMurray K.L., Meincke L.J.,
RA   Morgan J., Moyzis R.K., Mundt M.O., Munk A.C., Nandkeshwar R.D.,
RA   Pitluck S., Pollard M., Predki P., Parson-Quintana B., Ramirez L.,
RA   Rash S., Retterer J., Ricke D.O., Robinson D.L., Rodriguez A.,
RA   Salamov A., Saunders E.H., Scott D., Shough T., Stallings R.L.,
RA   Stalvey M., Sutherland R.D., Tapia R., Tesmer J.G., Thayer N.,
RA   Thompson L.S., Tice H., Torney D.C., Tran-Gyamfi M., Tsai M.,
RA   Ulanovsky L.E., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., White P.S., Williams A.L.,
RA   Wills P.L., Wu J.-R., Wu K., Yang J., DeJong P., Bruce D.,
RA   Doggett N.A., Deaven L., Schmutz J., Grimwood J., Richardson P.,
RA   Rokhsar D.S., Eichler E.E., Gilna P., Lucas S.M., Myers R.M.,
RA   Rubin E.M., Pennacchio L.A.;
RT   "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.";
RL   Nature 432:988-994(2004).
RN   [7]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1).
RC   TISSUE=Brain, and Testis;
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA
RT   project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN   [8]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-102 (HPI1).
RC   TISSUE=Sperm;
RX   PubMed=2384091; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19142.x;
RA   Martinage A., Arkhis A., Alimi E., Sautiere P., Chevaillier P.;
RT   "Molecular characterization of nuclear basic protein HPI1, a putative
RT   precursor of human sperm protamines HP2 and HP3.";
RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 191:449-451(1990).
RN   [9]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 22-102 (HPI2).
RX   PubMed=8513794; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17940.x;
RA   Alimi E., Martinage A., Arkhis A., Belaiche D., Sautiere P.,
RA   Chevaillier P.;
RT   "Amino acid sequence of the human intermediate basic protein 2 (HPI2)
RT   from sperm nuclei. Structural relationship with protamine P2.";
RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 214:445-450(1993).
RN   [10]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 34-102 (HPS1 AND HPS2).
RC   TISSUE=Sperm;
RX   PubMed=3403514;
RA   Sautiere P., Martinage A., Belaiche D., Arkhis A., Chevaillier P.;
RT   "Comparison of the amino acid sequences of human protamines HP2 and
RT   HP3 and of intermediate basic nuclear proteins HPS1 and HPS2.
RT   Structural evidence that HPS1 and HPS2 are pro-protamines.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 263:11059-11063(1988).
RN   [11]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 46-102 (HP2 AND HP3).
RC   TISSUE=Sperm;
RX   PubMed=3527226;
RA   Ammer H., Henschen A., Lee C.-H.;
RT   "Isolation and amino-acid sequence analysis of human sperm protamines
RT   P1 and P2. Occurrence of two forms of protamine P2.";
RL   Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 367:515-522(1986).
RN   [12]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 46-102 (P2B).
RC   TISSUE=Sperm;
RX   PubMed=3956509; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09540.x;
RA   McKay D.J., Renaux B.S., Dixon G.H.;
RT   "Human sperm protamines. Amino-acid sequences of two forms of
RT   protamine P2.";
RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 156:5-8(1986).
RN   [13]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 45-102 (HP4).
RC   TISSUE=Sperm;
RX   PubMed=1889406; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16196.x;
RA   Arkhis A., Martinage A., Sautiere P., Chevaillier P.;
RT   "Molecular structure of human protamine P4 (HP4), a minor basic
RT   protein of human sperm nuclei.";
RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 200:387-392(1991).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of
CC       sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. They compact
CC       sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome.
CC   -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS:
CC       Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=2;
CC       Name=1;
CC         IsoId=P04554-1; Sequence=Displayed;
CC       Name=2;
CC         IsoId=P04554-2; Sequence=VSP_054786;
CC         Note=No experimental confirmation available.;
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Testis.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protamine P2 family. {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; X07862; CAA30710.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; M60332; AAA63250.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; Z46940; CAA87066.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; U15422; AAC50487.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AF215713; AAF34632.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AK131573; BAD18705.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AC009121; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BC005303; AAH05303.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BC066338; AAH66338.1; -; mRNA.
DR   CCDS; CCDS42118.1; -. [P04554-1]
DR   CCDS; CCDS66944.1; -. [P04554-2]
DR   PIR; B38515; HSHUP2.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001273285.1; NM_001286356.1. [P04554-2]
DR   RefSeq; NP_001273287.1; NM_001286358.1.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001273288.1; NM_001286359.1.
DR   RefSeq; NP_002753.2; NM_002762.3. [P04554-1]
DR   UniGene; Hs.2324; -.
DR   PDB; 2AWR; Model; -; B=46-102.
DR   PDBsum; 2AWR; -.
DR   ProteinModelPortal; P04554; -.
DR   BioGrid; 111605; 2.
DR   IntAct; P04554; 2.
DR   STRING; 9606.ENSP00000241808; -.
DR   PhosphoSite; P04554; -.
DR   DMDM; 123700; -.
DR   PaxDb; P04554; -.
DR   PRIDE; P04554; -.
DR   DNASU; 5620; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000241808; ENSP00000241808; ENSG00000122304. [P04554-1]
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000435245; ENSP00000403681; ENSG00000122304. [P04554-2]
DR   GeneID; 5620; -.
DR   KEGG; hsa:5620; -.
DR   UCSC; uc002dau.1; human. [P04554-1]
DR   CTD; 5620; -.
DR   GeneCards; PRM2; -.
DR   HGNC; HGNC:9448; PRM2.
DR   HPA; CAB032738; -.
DR   HPA; HPA056386; -.
DR   MIM; 182882; gene.
DR   MIM; 182890; gene.
DR   neXtProt; NX_P04554; -.
DR   PharmGKB; PA33793; -.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG410KFYE; Eukaryota.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG4110SVE; LUCA.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00730000111973; -.
DR   HOGENOM; HOG000143619; -.
DR   HOVERGEN; HBG082177; -.
DR   InParanoid; P04554; -.
DR   OMA; HVEVYER; -.
DR   OrthoDB; EOG7SXW6X; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF338206; -.
DR   GenomeRNAi; 5620; -.
DR   NextBio; 21840; -.
DR   PRO; PR:P04554; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 16.
DR   Bgee; P04554; -.
DR   CleanEx; HS_PRM2; -.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; P04554; baseline and differential.
DR   Genevisible; P04554; HS.
DR   GO; GO:0005654; C:nucleoplasm; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   GO; GO:0000786; C:nucleosome; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IDA:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0003677; F:DNA binding; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   GO; GO:0030154; P:cell differentiation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0030261; P:chromosome condensation; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0006323; P:DNA packaging; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   GO; GO:0007275; P:multicellular organismal development; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0007283; P:spermatogenesis; TAS:ProtInc.
DR   InterPro; IPR000492; PRM2.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR21341; PTHR21341; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00841; Protamine_P2; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   3D-structure; Alternative splicing; Chromosome; Complete proteome;
KW   Developmental protein; Differentiation; Direct protein sequencing;
KW   DNA condensation; DNA-binding; Nucleosome core; Nucleus;
KW   Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome; Spermatogenesis.
FT   CHAIN         2    102       Basic nuclear protein HPI1.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000025758.
FT   CHAIN        22    102       Basic nuclear protein HPI2.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000025759.
FT   CHAIN        34    102       Basic nuclear protein HPS1.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000025760.
FT   CHAIN        37    102       Basic nuclear protein HPS2.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000025761.
FT   CHAIN        45    102       Sperm histone HP4.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000025762.
FT   CHAIN        46    102       Sperm histone HP2.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000025763.
FT   CHAIN        49    102       Sperm histone HP3.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000025764.
FT   MOD_RES       8      8       Phosphoserine.
FT                                {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P11248}.
FT   MOD_RES      10     10       Phosphoserine.
FT                                {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P11248}.
FT   MOD_RES      37     37       Phosphoserine.
FT                                {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P11248}.
FT   VAR_SEQ      91    102       GCRTRKRTCRRH -> ESLGDPLNQNFLSQKAAEPGREHAE
FT                                GTKLPGPLTPSWKLRKSRPKHQVRP (in isoform 2).
FT                                {ECO:0000303|PubMed:14702039}.
FT                                /FTId=VSP_054786.
FT   CONFLICT     38     39       PE -> RM (in Ref. 1; CAA30710).
FT                                {ECO:0000305}.
FT   CONFLICT     52     52       H -> Q (in Ref. 1; CAA30710).
FT                                {ECO:0000305}.
SQ   SEQUENCE   102 AA;  13051 MW;  CBB8D6F2396F2F9C CRC64;
     MVRYRVRSLS ERSHEVYRQQ LHGQEQGHHG QEEQGLSPEH VEVYERTHGQ SHYRRRHCSR
     RRLHRIHRRQ HRSCRRRKRR SCRHRRRHRR GCRTRKRTCR RH
//