Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P04141 (CSF2_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
      Short name=GM-CSF
Alternative name(s):
    Colony-stimulating factor
      Short name=CSF
    Sargramostim
    Molgramostin

Gene names

Name:	CSF2
Synonyms:	GMCSF

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	144 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes.
Subunit structure	Monomer.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Polymorphism	Variant Ile-117 may be a risk factor for atopic asthma.
Pharmaceutical use	Available under the names Leukine (Immunex) and Leucomax (Novartis). Used in myeloid reconstitution following bone marrow transplant, bone marrow transplant engraftment failure or delay, mobilization and following transplantation of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells, and following induction chemotherapy in older adults with acute myelogenous leukemia.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the GM-CSF family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Cytokine Growth factor
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Pharmaceutical
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	immune response Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro negative regulation of cytolysis Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of DNA replication Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein Inferred from direct assay. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	extracellular space Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Molecular function	cytokine activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc growth factor activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Binary interactions

With	Entry	#Exp.	IntAct	Notes
CSF2RB	P32927	1	EBI-1809826,EBI-1809771

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 17

17

Chain

18 – 144

127

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

PRO_0000005865

Amino acid modifications

Glycosylation

22

1

O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.10

Glycosylation

24

1

O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.10

Glycosylation

26

1

O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.10

Glycosylation

27

1

O-linked (GalNAc...); partial Ref.10

Glycosylation

44

1

N-linked (GlcNAc...)

Glycosylation

54

1

N-linked (GlcNAc...)

Disulfide bond

71 ↔ 113

Disulfide bond

105 ↔ 138

Natural variations

Natural variant

115

1

T → I: dbSNP rs2069640. Ref.6

VAR_013089

Natural variant

117

1

I → T: dbSNP rs25882. Ref.6 Ref.8 Ref.9

VAR_001975

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

96

1

M → K in AAM44054. Ref.9

Sequence conflict

123

1

F → L in AAM44054. Ref.9

Secondary structure

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

144

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Turn

25 – 27

3

Helix

30 – 45

16

Helix

50 – 53

4

Beta strand

56 – 62

7

Helix

72 – 81

10

Helix

85 – 90

6

Helix

91 – 104

14

Beta strand

115 – 119

5

Helix

120 – 131

12

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P04141-1 [UniParc]. Last modified November 1, 1986. Version 1. Checksum: 75D1E50506BCA7A8	FASTA	144	16,295
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MWLQSLLLLG TVACSISAPA RSPSPSTQPW EHVNAIQEAR RLLNLSRDTA AEMNETVEVI 70 80 90 100 110 120 SEMFDLQEPT CLQTRLELYK QGLRGSLTKL KGPLTMMASH YKQHCPPTPE TSCATQIITF 130 140 ESFKENLKDF LLVIPFDCWE PVQE

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Isolation of cDNA for a human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by functional expression in mammalian cells." Lee F., Yokota T., Otsuka T., Gemmell L., Larson N., Luh J., Arai K., Rennick D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:4360-4364(1985) [PubMed: 3925454] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"Genomic cloning, characterization, and multilineage growth-promoting activity of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor." Kaushansky K., O'Hara P.J., Berkner K., Segal G.M., Hagen F.S., Adamson J.W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:3101-3105(1986) [PubMed: 3486413] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"Cloning, sequence, and expression of a human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor." Cantrell M.A., Anderson D., Cerretti D.P., Price V., McKereghan K., Tushinski R.J., Mochizuki D.Y., Larsen A., Grabstein S., Gillis S., Cosman D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:6250-6254(1985) [PubMed: 3898082] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[4]	"Human GM-CSF: molecular cloning of the complementary DNA and purification of the natural and recombinant proteins." Wong G.G., Witek J.S., Temple P.A., Wilkens K.M., Leary A.C., Luxenberg D.P., Jones S.S., Brown E.L., Kay R.M., Orr E.C., Shoemaker C., Golde D.W., Kaufman R.J., Hewick R.M., Wang E.A., Clark S.C. Science 228:810-815(1985) [PubMed: 3923623] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[5]	"Structure of the chromosomal gene for granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor: comparison of the mouse and human genes." Miyatake S., Otsuka T., Yokota T., Lee F., Arai K. EMBO J. 4:2561-2568(1985) [PubMed: 3876930] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[6]	SeattleSNPs variation discovery resource Submitted (JUN-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS ILE-115 AND THR-117.
[7]	"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5." Schmutz J., Martin J., Terry A., Couronne O., Grimwood J., Lowry S., Gordon L.A., Scott D., Xie G., Huang W., Hellsten U., Tran-Gyamfi M., She X., Prabhakar S., Aerts A., Altherr M., Bajorek E., Black S. , Branscomb E., Caoile C., Challacombe J.F., Chan Y.M., Denys M., Detter J.C., Escobar J., Flowers D., Fotopulos D., Glavina T., Gomez M., Gonzales E., Goodstein D., Grigoriev I., Groza M., Hammon N., Hawkins T., Haydu L., Israni S., Jett J., Kadner K., Kimball H., Kobayashi A., Lopez F., Lou Y., Martinez D., Medina C., Morgan J., Nandkeshwar R., Noonan J.P., Pitluck S., Pollard M., Predki P., Priest J., Ramirez L., Retterer J., Rodriguez A., Rogers S., Salamov A., Salazar A., Thayer N., Tice H., Tsai M., Ustaszewska A., Vo N., Wheeler J., Wu K., Yang J., Dickson M., Cheng J.-F., Eichler E.E., Olsen A., Pennacchio L.A., Rokhsar D.S., Richardson P., Lucas S.M., Myers R.M., Rubin E.M. Nature 431:268-274(2004) [PubMed: 15372022] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[8]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT THR-117.
[9]	Bhattacharya P., Pandey G., Mukherjee K.J. Submitted (MAY-2002) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 18-144, VARIANT THR-117. Tissue: Peripheral blood.
[10]	"Role of carbohydrate modification in the production and secretion of human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in genetically engineered and normal mesenchymal cells." Kaushansky K., Lopez J.A., Brown C.B. Biochemistry 31:1881-1886(1992) [PubMed: 1737041] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION AT SER-22; SER-24; SER-26 AND THR-27.
[11]	"Novel fold and putative receptor binding site of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor." Diederichs K., Boone T., Karplus P.A. Science 254:1779-1782(1991) [PubMed: 1837174] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.4 ANGSTROMS).
[12]	"Three-dimensional structure of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor." Walter M.R., Cook W.J., Ealick S.E., Nagabhushan T.L., Trotta P.P., Bugg C.E. J. Mol. Biol. 224:1075-1085(1992) [PubMed: 1569568] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.8 ANGSTROMS).
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Leukine

Clinical information on Leukine

SeattleSNPs

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

M13207 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA98768.1.
M11734 mRNA. Translation: AAA52122.1.
M11220 mRNA. Translation: AAA52578.1.
X03021 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA26822.1.
M10663 mRNA. Translation: AAA52121.1.
AF373868 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK51563.1.
AC004511 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC08707.1.
BC108724 mRNA. Translation: AAI08725.1.
BC113924 mRNA. Translation: AAI13925.1.
BC113999 mRNA. Translation: AAI14000.1.
AF510855 mRNA. Translation: AAM44054.1.

IPI

IPI00022270.

PIR

FQHUGM. C24636.

RefSeq

NP_000749.2.

UniGene

Hs.1349

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1CSG	X-ray	2.70	A/B	18-144	[»]
2GMF	X-ray	2.40	A/B	18-144	[»]
3CXE	X-ray	3.30	B	18-144	[»]

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

DIP

DIP-386N.

IntAct

P04141. 2 interactions.

STRING

P04141.

Proteomic databases

PRIDE

P04141.

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000296871; ENSP00000296871; ENSG00000164400; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]

GeneID

1437.

KEGG

hsa:1437.

UCSC

uc003kwf.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

1437.

GeneCards

GC05P131437.

H-InvDB

HIX0032005.

HGNC

HGNC:2434. CSF2.

MIM

138960. gene.

PharmGKB

PA26937.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

prNOG10580.

HOGENOM

HBG125103.

HOVERGEN

P04141.

InParanoid

P04141.

OMA

CLQTRLE.

OrthoDB

EOG95MQR8.

PhylomeDB

P04141.

Enzyme and pathway databases

Pathway_Interaction_DB

nfat_tfpathway. Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes.
tcrcalciumpathway. Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway.
syndecan_2_pathway. Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P04141.

Bgee

P04141.

CleanEx

HS_CSF2.

Genevestigator

P04141.

GermOnline

ENSG00000164400. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR009079. 4_helix_cytokine-like_core.
IPR000773. GM_colony-stim-fac.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR10059. GM_CSF. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF01109. GM_CSF. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PRINTS

PR00693. GMCSFACTOR.

ProDom

PD007349. GM_colony-stim-fac. 1 hit.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]

SMART

SM00040. CSF2. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PROSITE

PS00702. GM_CSF. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other Resources

DrugBank

DB00020. Sargramostim.

NextBio

5871.

PMAP-CutDB

P04141.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

CSF2_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P04141
Secondary accession number(s): Q14CE8, Q2VPI8, Q8NFI6

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	November 1, 1986
Last sequence update:	November 1, 1986
Last modified:	January 19, 2010
This is version 111 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.