ID OPSG_HUMAN Reviewed; 364 AA. AC P04001; DT 23-OCT-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 23-OCT-1986, sequence version 1. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 212. DE RecName: Full=Medium-wave-sensitive opsin 1 {ECO:0000305}; DE AltName: Full=Green cone photoreceptor pigment; DE AltName: Full=Green-sensitive opsin; DE Short=GOP; GN Name=OPN1MW {ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:4206}; Synonyms=GCP; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RC TISSUE=Retinal cone cell; RX PubMed=2937147; DOI=10.1126/science.2937147; RA Nathans J., Thomas D., Hogness D.S.; RT "Molecular genetics of human color vision: the genes encoding blue, green, RT and red pigments."; RL Science 232:193-202(1986). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=15772651; DOI=10.1038/nature03440; RA Ross M.T., Grafham D.V., Coffey A.J., Scherer S., McLay K., Muzny D., RA Platzer M., Howell G.R., Burrows C., Bird C.P., Frankish A., Lovell F.L., RA Howe K.L., Ashurst J.L., Fulton R.S., Sudbrak R., Wen G., Jones M.C., RA Hurles M.E., Andrews T.D., Scott C.E., Searle S., Ramser J., Whittaker A., RA Deadman R., Carter N.P., Hunt S.E., Chen R., Cree A., Gunaratne P., RA Havlak P., Hodgson A., Metzker M.L., Richards S., Scott G., Steffen D., RA Sodergren E., Wheeler D.A., Worley K.C., Ainscough R., Ambrose K.D., RA Ansari-Lari M.A., Aradhya S., Ashwell R.I., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., RA Ballabio A., Banerjee R., Barker G.E., Barlow K.F., Barrett I.P., RA Bates K.N., Beare D.M., Beasley H., Beasley O., Beck A., Bethel G., RA Blechschmidt K., Brady N., Bray-Allen S., Bridgeman A.M., Brown A.J., RA Brown M.J., Bonnin D., Bruford E.A., Buhay C., Burch P., Burford D., RA Burgess J., Burrill W., Burton J., Bye J.M., Carder C., Carrel L., RA Chako J., Chapman J.C., Chavez D., Chen E., Chen G., Chen Y., Chen Z., RA Chinault C., Ciccodicola A., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., RA Clerc-Blankenburg K., Clifford K., Cobley V., Cole C.G., Conquer J.S., RA Corby N., Connor R.E., David R., Davies J., Davis C., Davis J., Delgado O., RA Deshazo D., Dhami P., Ding Y., Dinh H., Dodsworth S., Draper H., RA Dugan-Rocha S., Dunham A., Dunn M., Durbin K.J., Dutta I., Eades T., RA Ellwood M., Emery-Cohen A., Errington H., Evans K.L., Faulkner L., RA Francis F., Frankland J., Fraser A.E., Galgoczy P., Gilbert J., Gill R., RA Gloeckner G., Gregory S.G., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gu Y., RA Gwilliam R., Hamilton C., Hart E.A., Hawes A., Heath P.D., Heitmann K., RA Hennig S., Hernandez J., Hinzmann B., Ho S., Hoffs M., Howden P.J., RA Huckle E.J., Hume J., Hunt P.J., Hunt A.R., Isherwood J., Jacob L., RA Johnson D., Jones S., de Jong P.J., Joseph S.S., Keenan S., Kelly S., RA Kershaw J.K., Khan Z., Kioschis P., Klages S., Knights A.J., Kosiura A., RA Kovar-Smith C., Laird G.K., Langford C., Lawlor S., Leversha M., Lewis L., RA Liu W., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loulseged H., Loveland J.E., Lovell J.D., RA Lozado R., Lu J., Lyne R., Ma J., Maheshwari M., Matthews L.H., RA McDowall J., McLaren S., McMurray A., Meidl P., Meitinger T., Milne S., RA Miner G., Mistry S.L., Morgan M., Morris S., Mueller I., Mullikin J.C., RA Nguyen N., Nordsiek G., Nyakatura G., O'dell C.N., Okwuonu G., Palmer S., RA Pandian R., Parker D., Parrish J., Pasternak S., Patel D., Pearce A.V., RA Pearson D.M., Pelan S.E., Perez L., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., Reichwald K., RA Rhodes S., Ridler K.A., Schlessinger D., Schueler M.G., Sehra H.K., RA Shaw-Smith C., Shen H., Sheridan E.M., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., RA Smith M.L., Sotheran E.C., Steingruber H.E., Steward C.A., Storey R., RA Swann R.M., Swarbreck D., Tabor P.E., Taudien S., Taylor T., Teague B., RA Thomas K., Thorpe A., Timms K., Tracey A., Trevanion S., Tromans A.C., RA d'Urso M., Verduzco D., Villasana D., Waldron L., Wall M., Wang Q., RA Warren J., Warry G.L., Wei X., West A., Whitehead S.L., Whiteley M.N., RA Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams G., Williams L., Williamson A., RA Williamson H., Wilming L., Woodmansey R.L., Wray P.W., Yen J., Zhang J., RA Zhou J., Zoghbi H., Zorilla S., Buck D., Reinhardt R., Poustka A., RA Rosenthal A., Lehrach H., Meindl A., Minx P.J., Hillier L.W., Willard H.F., RA Wilson R.K., Waterston R.H., Rice C.M., Vaudin M., Coulson A., Nelson D.L., RA Weinstock G., Sulston J.E., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Gibbs R.A., Beck S., RA Rogers J., Bentley D.R.; RT "The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome."; RL Nature 434:325-337(2005). RN [3] RP REVIEW. RX PubMed=3303660; DOI=10.1016/0042-6989(86)90115-x; RA Applebury M.L., Hargrave P.A.; RT "Molecular biology of the visual pigments."; RL Vision Res. 26:1881-1895(1986). RN [4] RP SUBUNIT, GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-34, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. RX PubMed=28402104; DOI=10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00165; RA Hofmann L., Alexander N.S., Sun W., Zhang J., Orban T., Palczewski K.; RT "Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry of human green opsin reveals RT a conserved Pro-Pro motif in extracellular loop 2 of monostable visual G RT protein-coupled receptors."; RL Biochemistry 56:2338-2348(2017). RN [5] RP VARIANT CBD ARG-203, AND FUNCTION. RX PubMed=1302020; DOI=10.1038/ng0792-251; RA Winderickx J., Sanocki E., Lindsey D.T., Teller D.Y., Motulsky A.G., RA Deeb S.S.; RT "Defective colour vision associated with a missense mutation in the human RT green visual pigment gene."; RL Nat. Genet. 1:251-256(1992). RN [6] RP GLYCOSYLATION, AND REGION. RX PubMed=30948514; DOI=10.1074/jbc.ra118.006835; RA Salom D., Jin H., Gerken T.A., Yu C., Huang L., Palczewski K.; RT "Human red and green cone opsins are O-glycosylated at an N-terminal RT Ser/Thr-rich domain conserved in vertebrates."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 294:8123-8133(2019). RN [7] RP VARIANT BCM ARG-203. RX PubMed=8666378; DOI=10.1006/geno.1995.9998; RA Reyniers E., Van Thienen M.N., Meire F., De Boulle K., Devries K., RA Kestelijn P., Willems P.J.; RT "Gene conversion between red and defective green opsin gene in blue cone RT monochromacy."; RL Genomics 29:323-328(1995). RN [8] RP VARIANTS CBD LYS-94 AND GLN-330, AND FUNCTION. RX PubMed=12051694; DOI=10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00458-8; RA Ueyama H., Kuwayama S., Imai H., Tanabe S., Oda S., Nishida Y., Wada A., RA Shichida Y., Yamade S.; RT "Novel missense mutations in red/green opsin genes in congenital color- RT vision deficiencies."; RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294:205-209(2002). RN [9] RP VARIANT COD5 ARG-177, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT COD5 ARG-177, AND RP SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. RX PubMed=20579627; DOI=10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.05.019; RA Gardner J.C., Webb T.R., Kanuga N., Robson A.G., Holder G.E., Stockman A., RA Ripamonti C., Ebenezer N.D., Ogun O., Devery S., Wright G.A., Maher E.R., RA Cheetham M.E., Moore A.T., Michaelides M., Hardcastle A.J.; RT "X-linked cone dystrophy caused by mutation of the red and green cone RT opsins."; RL Am. J. Hum. Genet. 87:26-39(2010). CC -!- FUNCTION: Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that CC mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked CC to cis-retinal. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:12051694, CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:1302020, ECO:0000305|PubMed:2937147}. CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Absorption: CC Abs(max)=530 nm {ECO:0000305|PubMed:2937147}; CC -!- SUBUNIT: Monomer. Homodimer. Homotetramer. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28402104}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20579627}; CC Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000255}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: The three color pigments are found in the cone CC photoreceptor cells. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:2937147}. CC -!- PTM: N-glycosylated (PubMed:30948514). O-glycosylated CC (PubMed:30948514). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:30948514}. CC -!- PTM: Phosphorylated on some or all of the serine and threonine residues CC present in the C-terminal region. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:2937147}. CC -!- DISEASE: Colorblindness, partial, deutan series (CBD) [MIM:303800]: A CC color vision defect characterized by a dichromasy in which red and CC green are confused, without loss of luminance or shift or shortening of CC the spectrum. Dichromasy is due to the use of only two types of CC photoreceptors, blue plus red in deuteranopia and blue plus green in CC protanopia. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12051694, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1302020}. CC Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented CC in this entry. CC -!- DISEASE: Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) [MIM:303700]: A rare X-linked CC congenital stationary cone dysfunction syndrome characterized by the CC absence of functional long wavelength-sensitive and medium wavelength- CC sensitive cones in the retina. Color discrimination is severely CC impaired from birth, and vision is derived from the remaining preserved CC blue (S) cones and rod photoreceptors. BCM typically presents with CC reduced visual acuity, pendular nystagmus, and photophobia. Patients CC often have myopia. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8666378}. Note=The disease is CC caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. CC -!- DISEASE: Cone dystrophy 5 (COD5) [MIM:303700]: An X-linked cone CC dystrophy. Cone dystrophies are retinal dystrophies characterized by CC progressive degeneration of the cone photoreceptors with preservation CC of rod function, as indicated by electroretinogram. However, some rod CC involvement may be present in some cone dystrophies, particularly at CC late stage. Affected individuals suffer from photophobia, loss of CC visual acuity, color vision and central visual field. Another sign is CC the absence of macular lesions for many years. Cone dystrophies are CC distinguished from the cone-rod dystrophies in which some loss of CC peripheral vision also occurs. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20579627}. Note=The CC disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this CC entry. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin CC subfamily. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00521}. CC -!- CAUTION: Medium-wave-sensitive opsin genes vary in number among CC individuals and, together with a single red pigment gene, reside in a CC head-to-tail tandem array within the X chromosome. In the GRCh38 CC reference genome assembly, there are 3 genes in tandem coding for CC identical proteins AC P04001, AC P0DN77 and P0DN78. {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Mutations of the color pigment genes; Note=Retina CC International's Scientific Newsletter; CC URL="https://www.retina-international.org/files/sci-news/cppmut.htm"; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; K03494; AAB59503.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; M13306; AAB59503.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; K03490; AAB59503.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; K03491; AAB59503.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; K03492; AAB59503.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; K03493; AAB59503.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; K03497; AAB59525.1; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; K03495; AAB59525.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; K03496; AAB59525.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AC244097; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR CCDS; CCDS14743.1; -. DR CCDS; CCDS35447.1; -. DR PIR; A03158; OOHUG. DR RefSeq; NP_000504.1; NM_000513.2. DR RefSeq; NP_001041646.1; NM_001048181.2. DR RefSeq; NP_001316996.1; NM_001330067.1. DR RefSeq; XP_016855469.1; XM_016999980.1. DR AlphaFoldDB; P04001; -. DR SMR; P04001; -. DR GlyCosmos; P04001; 1 site, No reported glycans. DR GlyGen; P04001; 1 site. DR iPTMnet; P04001; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P04001; -. DR BioMuta; OPN1MW; -. DR DMDM; 129215; -. DR MassIVE; P04001; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P04001; -. DR Antibodypedia; 75857; 72 antibodies from 13 providers. DR DNASU; 2652; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000595290.6; ENSP00000472316.1; ENSG00000268221.6. DR GeneID; 101060233; -. DR GeneID; 2652; -. DR GeneID; 728458; -. DR KEGG; hsa:101060233; -. DR KEGG; hsa:2652; -. DR KEGG; hsa:728458; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000595290.6; ENSP00000472316.1; NM_000513.2; NP_000504.1. DR UCSC; uc004fkb.4; human. DR AGR; HGNC:26952; -. DR AGR; HGNC:4206; -. DR AGR; HGNC:51831; -. DR DisGeNET; 101060233; -. DR DisGeNET; 2652; -. DR DisGeNET; 728458; -. DR GeneCards; OPN1MW; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:4206; OPN1MW. DR HPA; ENSG00000268221; Tissue enriched (retina). DR MalaCards; OPN1MW; -. DR MIM; 300821; gene. DR MIM; 303700; phenotype. DR MIM; 303800; phenotype. DR neXtProt; NX_P04001; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000268221; -. DR Orphanet; 16; Blue cone monochromatism. DR Orphanet; 1872; Cone rod dystrophy. DR Orphanet; 319698; NON RARE IN EUROPE: Partial color blindness, deutan type. DR Orphanet; 90001; X-linked cone dysfunction syndrome with myopia. DR PharmGKB; PA142671229; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000268221; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_009579_3_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; P04001; -. DR OMA; CAITMAE; -. DR OrthoDB; 5350930at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; P04001; -. DR TreeFam; TF324998; -. DR PathwayCommons; P04001; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-2187335; The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision). DR Reactome; R-HSA-2453864; Retinoid cycle disease events. DR Reactome; R-HSA-418594; G alpha (i) signalling events. DR Reactome; R-HSA-419771; Opsins. DR SignaLink; P04001; -. DR SIGNOR; P04001; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 101060233; 1 hit in 6 CRISPR screens. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 2652; 7 hits in 250 CRISPR screens. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 728458; 4 hits in 254 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; OPN1MW; human. DR GeneWiki; OPN1MW; -. DR Pharos; P04001; Tdark. DR PRO; PR:P04001; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome X. DR RNAct; P04001; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000268221; Expressed in male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis and 14 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; P04001; baseline. DR GO; GO:0097381; C:photoreceptor disc membrane; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0001750; C:photoreceptor outer segment; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0008020; F:G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0042802; F:identical protein binding; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0009881; F:photoreceptor activity; IMP:CACAO. DR GO; GO:0071482; P:cellular response to light stimulus; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0007186; P:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0007602; P:phototransduction; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0032467; P:positive regulation of cytokinesis; IMP:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0007601; P:visual perception; TAS:ProtInc. DR Gene3D; 1.20.1070.10; Rhodopsin 7-helix transmembrane proteins; 1. DR InterPro; IPR000276; GPCR_Rhodpsn. DR InterPro; IPR017452; GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM. DR InterPro; IPR001760; Opsin. DR InterPro; IPR000378; Opsin_red/grn. DR InterPro; IPR027430; Retinal_BS. DR PANTHER; PTHR24240:SF17; MEDIUM-WAVE-SENSITIVE OPSIN 1-RELATED; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR24240; OPSIN; 1. DR Pfam; PF00001; 7tm_1; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00237; GPCRRHODOPSN. DR PRINTS; PR00238; OPSIN. DR PRINTS; PR00575; OPSINREDGRN. DR SMART; SM01381; 7TM_GPCR_Srsx; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF81321; Family A G protein-coupled receptor-like; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00237; G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_1; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50262; G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00238; OPSIN; 1. DR Genevisible; P04001; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Cell membrane; Chromophore; Disease variant; Disulfide bond; KW G-protein coupled receptor; Glycoprotein; Membrane; Phosphoprotein; KW Photoreceptor protein; Receptor; Reference proteome; Retinal protein; KW Sensory transduction; Transducer; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; KW Vision. FT CHAIN 1..364 FT /note="Medium-wave-sensitive opsin 1" FT /id="PRO_0000197785" FT TOPO_DOM 1..52 FT /note="Extracellular" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 53..77 FT /note="Helical; Name=1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 78..89 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 90..115 FT /note="Helical; Name=2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 116..129 FT /note="Extracellular" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 130..149 FT /note="Helical; Name=3" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 150..168 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 169..192 FT /note="Helical; Name=4" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 193..218 FT /note="Extracellular" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 219..246 FT /note="Helical; Name=5" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 247..268 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 269..292 FT /note="Helical; Name=6" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 293..300 FT /note="Extracellular" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 301..325 FT /note="Helical; Name=7" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 326..364 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT REGION 1..23 FT /note="Disordered" FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite" FT REGION 17..43 FT /note="Required for 11-cis-retinal regeneration" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:30948514" FT MOD_RES 312 FT /note="N6-(retinylidene)lysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CARBOHYD 34 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:28402104" FT DISULFID 126..203 FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00521" FT VARIANT 94 FT /note="N -> K (in CBD; dbSNP:rs104894915)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12051694" FT /id="VAR_064051" FT VARIANT 177 FT /note="W -> R (in COD5; results in protein misfolding and FT retention in the endoplasmic reticulum; dbSNP:rs267606927)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:20579627" FT /id="VAR_064052" FT VARIANT 203 FT /note="C -> R (in CBD and BCM; dbSNP:rs104894914)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:1302020, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:8666378" FT /id="VAR_004841" FT VARIANT 330 FT /note="R -> Q (in CBD; dbSNP:rs104894916)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:12051694" FT /id="VAR_064053" SQ SEQUENCE 364 AA; 40584 MW; A98D046958C72AE9 CRC64; MAQQWSLQRL AGRHPQDSYE DSTQSSIFTY TNSNSTRGPF EGPNYHIAPR WVYHLTSVWM IFVVIASVFT NGLVLAATMK FKKLRHPLNW ILVNLAVADL AETVIASTIS VVNQVYGYFV LGHPMCVLEG YTVSLCGITG LWSLAIISWE RWMVVCKPFG NVRFDAKLAI VGIAFSWIWA AVWTAPPIFG WSRYWPHGLK TSCGPDVFSG SSYPGVQSYM IVLMVTCCIT PLSIIVLCYL QVWLAIRAVA KQQKESESTQ KAEKEVTRMV VVMVLAFCFC WGPYAFFACF AAANPGYPFH PLMAALPAFF AKSATIYNPV IYVFMNRQFR NCILQLFGKK VDDGSELSSA SKTEVSSVSS VSPA //