P03069D3DLN9P03068Q70D88Q70D91Q70D96Q70D99Q70DA0Q96UT3GCN4_YEASTGeneral control transcription factor GCN4Amino acid biosynthesis regulatory proteinGeneral control protein GCN4GCN4AAS101AAS3ARG9YEL009CSaccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c)Baker's yeastEukaryotaFungiDikaryaAscomycotaSaccharomycotinaSaccharomycetesSaccharomycetalesSaccharomycetaceaeSaccharomycesEvidence for translational regulation of the activator of general amino acid control in yeast.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]INDUCTION5' untranslated sequences are required for the translational control of a yeast regulatory gene.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]INDUCTIONDifferential evolution of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DUP240 paralogs and implication of recombination in phylogeny.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]VARIANTS PRO-24; SER-62; ALA-82; ALA-91; ALA-125 AND GLU-196The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome V.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]The reference genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Then and now.GENOME REANNOTATIONConstruction of dimeric F(ab) useful in blood group serology.NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 249-281Multiple upstream AUG codons mediate translational control of GCN4.INDUCTIONFunctional dissection of a eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, GCN4 of yeast.FUNCTIONDOMAINSSaturation mutagenesis of the yeast his3 regulatory site: requirements for transcriptional induction and for binding by GCN4 activator protein.FUNCTIONGCN4, a eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, binds as a dimer to target DNA.FUNCTIONSUBUNITSequences that surround the stop codons of upstream open reading frames in GCN4 mRNA determine their distinct functions in translational control.INDUCTIONMutations that define the optimal half-site for binding yeast GCN4 activator protein and identify an ATF/CREB-like repressor that recognizes similar DNA sites.FUNCTIONSUBUNITA GCN4 protein recognition element is not sufficient for GCN4-dependent regulation of transcription in the ARO7 promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.FUNCTIONTranscriptional activation of yeast nucleotide biosynthetic gene ADE4 by GCN4.FUNCTIONSuppression of ribosomal reinitiation at upstream open reading frames in amino acid-starved cells forms the basis for GCN4 translational control.INDUCTIONTranslation of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 is stimulated by purine limitation: implications for activation of the protein kinase GCN2.FUNCTIONINDUCTIONDISRUPTION PHENOTYPEThe transcriptional activator GCN4 contains multiple activation domains that are critically dependent on hydrophobic amino acids.FUNCTIONDOMAINSMUTAGENESIS OF 97-PHE-PHE-98; MET-107; TYR-110; LEU-113 AND 120-TRP--PHE-124Deconstruction of GCN4/GCRE into a monomeric peptide-DNA complex.FUNCTIONSUBUNITMonitoring the Gcn4 protein-mediated response in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.INDUCTIONThe Gcn4p activation domain interacts specifically in vitro with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, TFIID, and the Adap-Gcn5p coactivator complex.FUNCTIONINTERACTION WITH THE MEDIATOR COMPLEX AND THE SAGA COMPLEXTranscriptional activation by Gcn4p involves independent interactions with the SWI/SNF complex and the SRB/mediator.FUNCTIONINTERACTION WITH THE MEDIATOR COMPLEX; THE SAGA COMPLEX AND THE SWI/SNF COMPLEXDISRUPTION PHENOTYPEGlucose limitation induces GCN4 translation by activation of Gcn2 protein kinase.FUNCTIONINDUCTIONDISRUPTION PHENOTYPETranscriptional profiling shows that Gcn4p is a master regulator of gene expression during amino acid starvation in yeast.FUNCTIONDISRUPTION PHENOTYPEAmino acid-dependent Gcn4p stability regulation occurs exclusively in the yeast nucleus.SUBCELLULAR LOCATIONRegulation of the transcription factor Gcn4 by Pho85 cyclin PCL5.PHOSPHORYLATION AT THR-165Nuclear import of yeast Gcn4p requires karyopherins Srp1p and Kap95p.SUBCELLULAR LOCATIONA multidimensional chromatography technology for in-depth phosphoproteome analysis.PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-17 AND SER-218IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]Activator Gcn4 employs multiple segments of Med15/Gal11, including the KIX domain, to recruit mediator to target genes in vivo.FUNCTIONINTERACTION WITH GAL11/MED15; THE SAGA COMPLEX AND THE SWI/SNF COMPLEXDISRUPTION PHENOTYPEGcn4 Binding in Coding Regions Can Activate Internal and Canonical 5' Promoters in Yeast.FUNCTIONDISRUPTION PHENOTYPEX-ray structure of the GCN4 leucine zipper, a two-stranded, parallel coiled coil.X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.8 ANGSTROMS) OF 250-281The GCN4 basic region leucine zipper binds DNA as a dimer of uninterrupted alpha helices: crystal structure of the protein-DNA complex.X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.9 ANGSTROMS) OF 226-281 IN COMPLEX WITH DNAFUNCTIONSUBUNITCrystal structure of GCN4-pIQI, a trimeric coiled coil with buried polar residues.X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.8 ANGSTROMS) OF 249-281The solution structure of a leucine-zipper motif peptide.STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 237-281Master transcriptional regulator that mediates the response to amino acid starvation (PubMed:11390663, PubMed:29628310). Binds variations of the DNA sequence 5'-ATGA[CG]TCAT-3' in canonical nucleosome-depleted 5'-positioned promoters, and also within coding sequences and 3' non-coding regions (PubMed:29628310, PubMed:11390663, PubMed:1473154, PubMed:2277632, PubMed:1939099, PubMed:7664107, PubMed:2204805, PubMed:3678204, PubMed:3532321, PubMed:3530496). During nutrient starvation (low or poor amino acid, carbon or purine sources), it activates genes required for amino acid biosynthesis and transport, autophagy, cofactor biosynthesis and transport, mitochondrial transport, and additional downstream transcription factors (PubMed:11390663, PubMed:29628310, PubMed:8336737, PubMed:1939099, PubMed:10733573, PubMed:7862116). Activates transcription by recruiting multiple coactivators, including the mediator complex, the SAGA complex, and the SWI/SNF complex, to enable assembly of the pre-initiation complex at core promoters (PubMed:19940160, PubMed:9488488, PubMed:10549298).Homodimer (PubMed:1473154, PubMed:3678204). Each subunit binds overlapping and non-identical half-sites that flank the central CG base-pair in the pseudo-palindromic motif 5'-ATGA[CG]TCAT-3' (PubMed:1473154, PubMed:7664107, PubMed:2204805, PubMed:3678204). Interacts with the mediator tail; the interaction with GAL11/MED15 is direct (PubMed:19940160, PubMed:9488488, PubMed:10549298). Interacts with the SAGA histone acetyltransferase complex (PubMed:19940160, PubMed:9488488, PubMed:10549298). Interacts with the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex (PubMed:19940160, PubMed:10549298).P03069P03069false15P03069P11938false5NucleusLocalizes to the nucleus independently of cellular amino acid levels.Translation is induced by amino acid or purine starvation, or during growth in low or poor carbon sources (PubMed:6387704, PubMed:6433345, PubMed:8336737, PubMed:10733573, PubMed:9582292). Translational repression during nutrient-rich conditions is dependent on four uORFs (upstream open reading frames) present in the 5'-UTR of the mRNA; these promote ribosome dissociation (PubMed:6387704, PubMed:6433345, PubMed:3516411, PubMed:2676723, PubMed:8336737, PubMed:9582292). Translational induction occurs in conditions reducing translation machinery efficiency, leading to ribosomes scanning over the uORFs, and increased translation of the mRNA (PubMed:1986242). The rapid translational induction is followed by transcriptional induction at later time-points, independently of the uORF sequences (PubMed:9582292).Residues 89 to 100 and 106 to 125 define the N-terminal activation domain (NTAD) and the central acidic activation domain (CAAD) respectively, which can function independently to promote high-level transcription of the target genes.Phosphorylated by the cyclin-CDK PCL5-PHO85. Phosphorylation of Thr-165 induces degradation of GCN4 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCF(Cdc4).Abolishes recruitment of the mediator complex to the upstream activating sequence (UAS) of amino-acid starvation responsive genes (PubMed:19940160). Decreases RNA level of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and cofactor biosynthesis during amino acid starvation or methyl methanesulfonate stress (PubMed:11390663, PubMed:8336737, PubMed:29628310). Growth dependent on amino acid supplementation (PubMed:10733573). Sensitive to amino acid starvation (PubMed:10549298). Sensitive to purine starvation (PubMed:8336737). Decreases cellular glycogen levels during glucose starvation (PubMed:10733573).Belongs to the bZIP family. GCN4 subfamily.3D-structureActivatorAmino-acid biosynthesisDNA-bindingNucleusPhosphoproteinReference proteomeTranscriptionTranscription regulationSPPSTADADADEFFAAMAYALAWTSLFATSAAARRSRARKLQRMKQLEDKVEELLSKNYHLENEVARLKKLVGERPGVLVRESCKEMSEYQPSLFALNPMGFSPLDGSKSTNENVSASTSTAKPMVGQLIFDKFIKTEEDPIIKQDTPSNLDFDFALPQTATAPDAKTVLPIPELDDAVVESFFSSSTDSTPMFEYENLEDNSKEWTSLFDNDIPVTTDDVSLADKAIESTEEVSLVPSNLEVSTTSFLPTPVLEDAKLTQTRKVKKPNSVVKKSHHVGKDDESRLDHLGVVAYNRKQRSIPLSPIVPESSDPAALKRARNTEAARRSRARKLQRMKQLEDKVEELLSKNYHLENEVARLKKLVGER
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