P02765 (FETUA_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
April 3, 2013.
Version 153.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Interactions·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein Alternative name(s): Alpha-2-Z-globulin Ba-alpha-2-glycoprotein Fetuin-A Cleaved into the following 2 chains: | ||||||
| Gene names |
| ||||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 367 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Promotes endocytosis, possesses opsonic properties and influences the mineral phase of bone. Shows affinity for calcium and barium ions. |
| Subunit structure | Alpha-2-HS glycoprotein derives from this precursor, when the connecting peptide is cleaved off. The two chains A and B are held together by a single disulfide bond. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Synthesized in liver and selectively concentrated in bone matrix. Secreted in plasma. It is also found in dentin in much higher quantities than other plasma proteins. |
| Post-translational modification | Phosphorylation sites are present in the extracellular medium. O- and N-glycosylated. O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. N-glycan at Asn-156: Hex5HexNAc4; N-glycan heterogeneity at Asn-176: Hex5HexNAc4 (major) and Hex6HexNAc5 (minor). Ref.17 Ref.27 |
| Polymorphism | There are two common alleles, AHSG*1 and AHSG*2. AHSG*1 has Thr-248/Thr-256; AHSG*2 has Met-248/Ser-256. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the fetuin family. Contains 2 cystatin fetuin-A-type domains. |
Ontologies
Binary interactions
With | Entry | #Exp. | IntAct | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABL1 | P00519 | 1 | EBI-1223374,EBI-375543 | |
| Hsd17b7 | O88736 | 1 | EBI-1223374,EBI-2552537 | From a different organism. |
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 18 | 18 | Ref.8 Ref.9 | ||||||||
| Chain | 19 – 300 | 282 | Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein chain A Ref.8 | PRO_0000008887 | |||||||
| Propeptide | 301 – 340 | 40 | Connecting peptide | PRO_0000008888 | |||||||
| Chain | 341 – 367 | 27 | Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein chain B | PRO_0000008889 | |||||||
Regions | |||||||||||
| Domain | 27 – 133 | 107 | Cystatin fetuin-A-type 1 | ||||||||
| Domain | 144 – 255 | 112 | Cystatin fetuin-A-type 2 | ||||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||
| Modified residue | 138 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 Ref.21 Ref.22 Ref.23 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 325 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 328 | 1 | Phosphoserine By similarity | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 330 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.16 | ||||||||
| Glycosylation | 156 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) (complex) Ref.18 Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.24 Ref.25 Ref.27 | CAR_000064 | |||||||
| Glycosylation | 176 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) (complex) Ref.17 Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.25 Ref.27 | CAR_000065 | |||||||
| Glycosylation | 256 | 1 | O-linked (GalNAc...) | CAR_000066 | |||||||
| Glycosylation | 270 | 1 | O-linked (GalNAc...) | CAR_000067 | |||||||
| Glycosylation | 346 | 1 | O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.27 | CAR_000068 | |||||||
| Disulfide bond | 32 ↔ 358 | Interchain (between A and B chains) Ref.14 Ref.15 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 89 ↔ 100 | Ref.14 Ref.15 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 114 ↔ 132 | Ref.14 Ref.15 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 146 ↔ 149 | Ref.14 Ref.15 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 208 ↔ 219 | Ref.14 Ref.15 | |||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 230 ↔ 247 | Ref.14 Ref.15 | |||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||
| Natural variant | 142 | 1 | V → L. Corresponds to variant rs7633550 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_055802 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 248 | 1 | T → M in allele AHSG*2. Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs4917 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_002388 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 256 | 1 | T → S in allele AHSG*2. Ref.4 Ref.10 Corresponds to variant rs4918 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_002389 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 276 | 1 | D → N in allele AHSG*5. Ref.3 | VAR_012474 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 317 | 1 | R → C in allele AHSG*3. Ref.3 Corresponds to variant rs35457250 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_012475 | |||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 16 | 1 | C → W in BAA22652. Ref.2 | ||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 54 | 1 | W → K AA sequence Ref.8 | ||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 125 | 1 | F → S in BAA22651. Ref.10 | ||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 150 – 182 | 33 | PLLAP…SNFQL → MVGWQEGANHKNGAGRSQKQ EMAEKMVPEVASG in AAF69649. Ref.12 | ||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 204 | 1 | S → C in BAA22652. Ref.2 | ||||||||
Sequences
| ||||||||||||||||||
References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Human alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein: the A and B chains with a connecting sequence are encoded by a single mRNA transcript." Lee C.-C., Bowman B.H., Yang F. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:4403-4407(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [2] | "Structure of the gene encoding human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG)." Osawa M., Umetsu K., Sato M., Ohki T., Yukawa N., Suzuki T., Takeichi S. Gene 196:121-125(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA]. |
| [3] | "Haplotype analysis of the human alpha2-HS glycoprotein (fetuin) gene." Osawa M., Yuasa I., Kitano T., Henke J., Kaneko M., Udono T., Saitou N., Umetsu K. Ann. Hum. Genet. 65:27-34(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS AHSG*5 ASN-276 AND AHSG*3 CYS-317. |
| [4] | "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S. Sugano S.Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT SER-256. Tissue: Liver and Mammary gland. |
| [5] | "The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3." Muzny D.M., Scherer S.E., Kaul R., Wang J., Yu J., Sudbrak R., Buhay C.J., Chen R., Cree A., Ding Y., Dugan-Rocha S., Gill R., Gunaratne P., Harris R.A., Hawes A.C., Hernandez J., Hodgson A.V., Hume J. Gibbs R.A.Nature 440:1194-1198(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [7] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Liver. |
| [8] | "The complete amino acid sequence of the A-chain of human plasma alpha 2HS-glycoprotein." Yoshioka Y., Gejyo F., Marti T., Rickli E.E., Burgi W., Offner G.D., Troxler R.F., Schmid K. J. Biol. Chem. 261:1665-1676(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 19-300. |
| [9] | "Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides." Gevaert K., Goethals M., Martens L., Van Damme J., Staes A., Thomas G.R., Vandekerckhove J. Nat. Biotechnol. 21:566-569(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 19-28. Tissue: Platelet. |
| [10] | "Molecular evidence for human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) polymorphism." Osawa M., Umetsu K., Ohki T., Nagasawa T., Suzuki T., Takeichi S. Hum. Genet. 99:18-21(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 34-367, VARIANTS ALLELE AHSG*2 MET-248 AND SER-256. Tissue: Liver. |
| [11] | Lubec G., Vishwanath V. Submitted (MAR-2007) to UniProtKB Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 107-120, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Brain and Cajal-Retzius cell. |
| [12] | "Functional prediction of the coding sequences of 79 new genes deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human fetal liver." Zhang C., Yu Y., Zhang S., Wei H., Zhang Y., Zhou G., Bi J., Liu M., He F. Submitted (JAN-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 150-367. Tissue: Fetal liver. |
| [13] | "Characterization of the B-chain of human plasma alpha 2HS-glycoprotein. The complete amino acid sequence and primary structure of its heteroglycan." Gejyo F., Chang J.-L., Burgi W., Schmid K., Offner G.D., Troxler R.F., van Halbeek H., Dorland L., Gerwig G.J., Vliegenthart J.F.G. J. Biol. Chem. 258:4966-4971(1983) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 341-367. |
| [14] | "The position of the disulfide bonds in human plasma alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and the repeating double disulfide bonds in the domain structure." Araki T., Yoshioka Y., Schmid K. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 994:195-199(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISULFIDE BONDS. |
| [15] | "The arrangement of disulfide loops in human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein. Similarity to the disulfide bridge structures of cystatins and kininogens." Kellerman J., Haupt H., Auerswald E.-A., Mueller-Esterl W. J. Biol. Chem. 264:14121-14128(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: DISULFIDE BONDS. |
| [16] | "Phosphorylation of human plasma alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (human fetuin) in vivo." Haglund A.C., Ek B., Ek P. Biochem. J. 357:437-445(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-138 AND SER-330. Tissue: Plasma. |
| [17] | "Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry." Zhang H., Li X.-J., Martin D.B., Aebersold R. Nat. Biotechnol. 21:660-666(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-176. |
| [18] | "Screening for N-glycosylated proteins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry." Bunkenborg J., Pilch B.J., Podtelejnikov A.V., Wisniewski J.R. Proteomics 4:454-465(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-156, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Plasma. |
| [19] | "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry." Liu T., Qian W.-J., Gritsenko M.A., Camp D.G. II, Monroe M.E., Moore R.J., Smith R.D. J. Proteome Res. 4:2070-2080(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-156 AND ASN-176, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Plasma. |
| [20] | "Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry." Ramachandran P., Boontheung P., Xie Y., Sondej M., Wong D.T., Loo J.A. J. Proteome Res. 5:1493-1503(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-156 AND ASN-176, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Saliva. |
| [21] | "Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets." Zahedi R.P., Lewandrowski U., Wiesner J., Wortelkamp S., Moebius J., Schuetz C., Walter U., Gambaryan S., Sickmann A. J. Proteome Res. 7:526-534(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-138, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Platelet. |
| [22] | "A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation." Dephoure N., Zhou C., Villen J., Beausoleil S.A., Bakalarski C.E., Elledge S.J., Gygi S.P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10762-10767(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-138, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cervix carcinoma. |
| [23] | "Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange chromatography." Han G., Ye M., Zhou H., Jiang X., Feng S., Jiang X., Tian R., Wan D., Zou H., Gu J. Proteomics 8:1346-1361(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-138, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Liver. |
| [24] | "Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry." Chen R., Jiang X., Sun D., Han G., Wang F., Ye M., Wang L., Zou H. J. Proteome Res. 8:651-661(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-156, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Liver. |
| [25] | "Enrichment of glycopeptides for glycan structure and attachment site identification." Nilsson J., Rueetschi U., Halim A., Hesse C., Carlsohn E., Brinkmalm G., Larson G. Nat. Methods 6:809-811(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-156 AND ASN-176, STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Cerebrospinal fluid. |
| [26] | "Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. |
| [27] | "Human urinary glycoproteomics; attachment site specific analysis of N-and O-linked glycosylations by CID and ECD." Halim A., Nilsson J., Ruetschi U., Hesse C., Larson G. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 0:0-0(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-156; ASN-176 AND SER-346, STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | M16961 mRNA. Translation: AAA51683.1. D67013 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA22652.1. AB038689 Genomic DNA. Translation: BAA92189.1. AK292751 mRNA. Translation: BAF85440.1. AK312969 mRNA. Translation: BAG35808.1. AC068631 Genomic DNA. No translation available. CH471052 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW78189.1. BC048198 mRNA. Translation: AAH48198.1. BC052590 mRNA. Translation: AAH52590.1. D67012 mRNA. Translation: BAA22651.1. AF119895 mRNA. Translation: AAF69649.1. |
| IPI | IPI00953689. |
| PIR | WOHU. A29081. |
| RefSeq | NP_001613.2. NM_001622.2. |
| UniGene | Hs.324746. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P02765. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| IntAct | P02765. 9 interactions. |
| MINT | MINT-5004009. |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000393887. |
Protein family/group databases | |
| MEROPS | I25.020. |
PTM databases | |
| GlycoSuiteDB | P02765. |
| PhosphoSite | P02765. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 112910. |
2D gel databases | |
| DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGE | P02765. |
| SWISS-2DPAGE | P02765. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P02765. |
| PRIDE | P02765. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 197. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000411641; ENSP00000393887; ENSG00000145192. |
| GeneID | 197. |
| KEGG | hsa:197. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 197. |
| GeneCards | GC03P186330. |
| H-InvDB | HIX0024338. |
| HGNC | HGNC:349. AHSG. |
| HPA | CAB026209. HPA001524. HPA001525. |
| MIM | 138680. gene. |
| neXtProt | NX_P02765. |
| PharmGKB | PA24642. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG44208. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG051607. |
| InParanoid | P02765. |
| OrthoDB | EOG4QC164. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | bmppathway. BMP receptor signaling. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P02765. |
| Bgee | P02765. |
| CleanEx | HS_AHSG. |
| Genevestigator | P02765. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000145192. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR025760. Cystatin_Fetuin_A. IPR000010. Prot_inh_cystat. IPR001363. Prot_inh_fetuin_CS. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00031. Cystatin. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| SMART | SM00043. CY. 2 hits. [Graphical view] |
| PROSITE | PS51529. CYSTATIN_FETUIN_A. 2 hits. PS01254. FETUIN_1. 1 hit. PS01255. FETUIN_2. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChiTaRS | AHSG. human. |
| GenomeRNAi | 197. |
| NextBio | 790. |
| PMAP-CutDB | P02765. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | FETUA_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P02765 Secondary accession number(s): A8K9N6 Q9P152 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 3 Human chromosome 3: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
