P02753 (RET4_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
Retinol-binding protein 4

Alternative name(s):
Plasma retinol-binding protein
Short name=PRBP
Short name=RBP

Cleaved into the following 4 chains:

1. Plasma retinol-binding protein(1-182)
2. Plasma retinol-binding protein(1-181)
3. Plasma retinol-binding protein(1-179)
4. Plasma retinol-binding protein(1-176)

Gene names

Name:	RBP4
ORF Names:	PRO2222

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Deuterostomia › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Gnathostomata › Teleostomi › Euteleostomi › Sarcopterygii › Tetrapoda › Amniota › Mammalia › Theria › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Simiiformes › Catarrhini › Hominoidea › Hominidae › Homininae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	201 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, this prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Involvement in disease	Retinol-binding protein deficiency (RBP deficiency) [MIM:180250]: This condition causes night vision problems. It produces a typical 'fundus xerophthalmicus', featuring a progressed atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.
Mass spectrometry	Molecular mass is 21063.46±1.88 Da from positions 17 - 199. Determined by ESI. Ref.10 Molecular mass is 20534 Da from positions 19 - 197. Determined by MALDI. Ref.12 Molecular mass is 20162 Da from positions 19 - 194. Determined by MALDI. Ref.12
Sequence caution	The sequence AAF69622.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous initiation.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Sensory transduction Transport Vision
Cellular component	Secreted
Disease	Disease mutation
Domain	Signal
Ligand	Retinol-binding Vitamin A
PTM	Disulfide bond
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological_process	cardiac muscle tissue development Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara embryonic organ morphogenesis Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL embryonic skeletal system development Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL female genitalia morphogenesis Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL gluconeogenesis Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 18466349. Source: BHF-UCL glucose homeostasis Inferred from direct assay PubMed 17003346. Source: BHF-UCL heart trabecula formation Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL lung development Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium Inferred from direct assay PubMed 10944490. Source: BHF-UCL male gonad development Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL positive regulation of insulin secretion Inferred from mutant phenotype PubMed 16034410. Source: BHF-UCL response to ethanol Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to insulin stimulus Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara response to retinoic acid Inferred from direct assay PubMed 571335. Source: BHF-UCL retinal metabolic process Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara retinol metabolic process Inferred from mutant phenotype Ref.19. Source: BHF-UCL spermatogenesis Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara urinary bladder development Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL uterus development Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL vagina development Inferred from sequence or structural similarity. Source: BHF-UCL
Cellular_component	extracellular space Inferred from direct assay PubMed 17003346PubMed 5132677. Source: BHF-UCL protein complex Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: Compara
Molecular_function	retinal binding Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW retinol binding Inferred from direct assay PubMed 571335. Source: BHF-UCL retinol transporter activity Inferred by curator PubMed 571335. Source: BHF-UCL
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 18

18

Ref.6 Ref.7 Ref.8

Chain

19 – 201

183

Retinol-binding protein 4

PRO_0000017961

Chain

19 – 200

182

Plasma retinol-binding protein(1-182)

PRO_0000017962

Chain

19 – 199

181

Plasma retinol-binding protein(1-181)

PRO_0000017963

Chain

19 – 197

179

Plasma retinol-binding protein(1-179)

PRO_0000017964

Chain

19 – 194

176

Plasma retinol-binding protein(1-176)

PRO_0000017965

Amino acid modifications

Disulfide bond

22 ↔ 178

Ref.6

Disulfide bond

88 ↔ 192

Ref.6

Disulfide bond

138 ↔ 147

Ref.6

Natural variations

Natural variant

59

1

I → N in RBP deficiency. Ref.18 Ref.19

VAR_009276

Natural variant

93

1

G → D in RBP deficiency. Ref.18 Ref.19

VAR_009277

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

8

1

L → F in AAH20633. Ref.4

Sequence conflict

13 – 17

5

LGSGR → WAA Ref.1

Sequence conflict

13 – 17

5

LGSGR → WAA Ref.5

Secondary structure

1

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201

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Helix

24 – 26

3

Helix

35 – 38

4

Beta strand

40 – 48

9

Beta strand

55 – 65

11

Beta strand

67 – 69

3

Beta strand

71 – 80

10

Beta strand

82 – 84

3

Beta strand

86 – 97

12

Beta strand

103 – 112

10

Beta strand

118 – 127

10

Beta strand

129 – 141

13

Beta strand

145 – 158

14

Helix

164 – 176

13

Turn

180 – 182

3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P02753 [UniParc]. Last modified March 29, 2005. Version 3. Checksum: 660C6DD8CC9B811A	FASTA	201	23,010
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MKWVWALLLL AALGSGRAER DCRVSSFRVK ENFDKARFSG TWYAMAKKDP EGLFLQDNIV 70 80 90 100 110 120 AEFSVDETGQ MSATAKGRVR LLNNWDVCAD MVGTFTDTED PAKFKMKYWG VASFLQKGND 130 140 150 160 170 180 DHWIVDTDYD TYAVQYSCRL LNLDGTCADS YSFVFSRDPN GLPPEAQKIV RQRQEELCLA 190 200 RQYRLIVHNG YCDGRSERNL L

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Cloning and sequencing of a full length cDNA coding for human retinol-binding protein." Colantuoni V., Romano V., Bensi G., Santoro C., Costanzo F., Raugei G., Cortese R. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:7769-7776(1983) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10." Deloukas P., Earthrowl M.E., Grafham D.V., Rubenfield M., French L., Steward C.A., Sims S.K., Jones M.C., Searle S., Scott C., Howe K., Hunt S.E., Andrews T.D., Gilbert J.G.R., Swarbreck D., Ashurst J.L., Taylor A., Battles J. , Bird C.P., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ashwell R.I.S., Ambrose K.D., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., Banerjee R., Bates K., Beasley H., Bray-Allen S., Brown A.J., Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Cahill P., Camire D., Carter N.P., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clarke G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Corby N., Coulson A., Dhami P., Dutta I., Dunn M., Faulkner L., Frankish A., Frankland J.A., Garner P., Garnett J., Gribble S., Griffiths C., Grocock R., Gustafson E., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E., Heath P.D., Ho T.P., Hopkins B., Horne J., Howden P.J., Huckle E., Hynds C., Johnson C., Johnson D., Kana A., Kay M., Kimberley A.M., Kershaw J.K., Kokkinaki M., Laird G.K., Lawlor S., Lee H.M., Leongamornlert D.A., Laird G., Lloyd C., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., McLaren S., McLay K.E., McMurray A., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Milne S., Nickerson T., Nguyen M., Overton-Larty E., Palmer S.A., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phillimore B., Porter K., Rice C.M., Rogosin A., Ross M.T., Sarafidou T., Sehra H.K., Shownkeen R., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Standring L., Sycamore N., Tester J., Thorpe A., Torcasso W., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tsolas J., Wall M., Walsh J., Wang H., Weinstock K., West A.P., Willey D.L., Whitehead S.L., Wilming L., Wray P.W., Young L., Chen Y., Lovering R.C., Moschonas N.K., Siebert R., Fechtel K., Bentley D., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Doucette-Stamm L., Beck S., Smith D.R., Rogers J. Nature 429:375-381(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. , Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C. Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Liver.
[5]	"Structure and cell-specific expression of a cloned human retinol binding protein gene: the 5'-flanking region contains hepatoma specific transcriptional signals." D'Onofrio C., Colantuoni V., Cortese R. EMBO J. 4:1981-1989(1985) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-189.
[6]	"The complete amino acid sequence of human serum retinol-binding protein." Rask L., Anundi H., Fohlman J., Peterson P.A. Ups. J. Med. Sci. 92:115-146(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 19-201, DISULFIDE BONDS.
[7]	"Structural and functional studies of vitamin A-binding proteins." Rask L., Anundi H., Boehme J., Eriksson U., Ronne H., Sege K., Peterson P.A. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 359:79-90(1981) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 19-201.
[8]	"The primary structure of the human retinol-binding protein." Rask L., Anundi H., Peterson P.A. FEBS Lett. 104:55-58(1979) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 19-183.
[9]	"Functional prediction of the coding sequences of 79 new genes deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human fetal liver." Zhang C., Yu Y., Zhang S., Wei H., Zhang Y., Zhou G., Bi J., Liu M., He F. Submitted (JAN-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] OF 18-201. Tissue: Fetal liver.
[10]	"Characterization of two post-translationally processed forms of human serum retinol-binding protein: altered ratios in chronic renal failure." Jaconi S., Rose K., Hughes G.J., Saurat J.-H., Siegenthaler G. J. Lipid Res. 36:1247-1253(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[11]	"Comparative urine protein phenotyping using mass spectrometric immunoassay." Kiernan U.A., Tubbs K.A., Nedelkov D., Niederkofler E.E., McConnell E., Nelson R.W. J. Proteome Res. 2:191-197(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[12]	"Comparative phenotypic analyses of human plasma and urinary retinol binding protein using mass spectrometric immunoassay." Kiernan U.A., Tubbs K.A., Nedelkov D., Niederkofler E.E., Nelson R.W. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 297:401-405(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[13]	"Initial characterization of the human central proteome." Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J. BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS].
[14]	"The three-dimensional structure of retinol-binding protein." Newcomer M.E., Jones T.A., Aqvist J., Sundelin J., Eriksson U., Rask L., Peterson P.A. EMBO J. 3:1451-1454(1984) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.1 ANGSTROMS).
[15]	"Crystallographic refinement of human serum retinol binding protein at 2-A resolution." Cowan S.W., Newcomer M.E., Jones T.A. Proteins 8:44-61(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.0 ANGSTROMS).
[16]	"Three-dimensional structure and active site of three hydrophobic molecule-binding proteins with significant amino acid sequence similarity." Monaco H.L., Zanotti G. Biopolymers 32:457-465(1992) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: COMPARISON OF X-RAY STRUCTURES.
[17]	"The structure of human retinol-binding protein (RBP) with its carrier protein transthyretin reveals an interaction with the carboxy terminus of RBP." Naylor H.M., Newcomer M.E. Biochemistry 38:2647-2653(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.2 ANGSTROMS) OF COMPLEX WITH TTR.
[18]	"Phenotype in retinol deficiency due to a hereditary defect in retinol binding protein synthesis." Seeliger M.W., Biesalski H.K., Wissinger B., Gollnick H., Gielen S., Frank J., Beck S.C., Zrenner E. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 40:3-11(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS RBP DEFICIENCY ASN-59 AND ASP-93.
[19]	"Biochemical but not clinical vitamin A deficiency results from mutations in the gene for retinol binding protein." Biesalski H.K., Frank J., Beck S.C., Heinrich F., Illek B., Reifen R., Gollnick H., Seeliger M.W., Wissinger B., Zrenner E. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69:931-936(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANTS ASN-59 AND ASP-93.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Mutations of the RBP4 gene

Retina International's Scientific Newsletter

Wikipedia

Retinol-binding protein 4 entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBL
GenBank
DDBJ

X00129 mRNA. Translation: CAA24959.1.
AL356214 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAH72328.1.
CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW50065.1.
CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW50066.1.
CH471066 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAW50067.1.
BC020633 mRNA. Translation: AAH20633.1.
X02775 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA26553.1.
X02824 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAB46489.1.
AF119868 mRNA. Translation: AAF69622.1. Different initiation.
AF025334 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC02945.1.
AF025335 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAC02946.1.

IPI

IPI00022420.

PIR

VAHU. A93494.

RefSeq

NP_006735.2. NM_006744.3.

UniGene

Hs.50223.

3D structure databases

PDBe
RCSB PDB
PDBj

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1BRP	X-ray	2.50	A	19-198	[»]
1BRQ	X-ray	2.50	A	19-198	[»]
1JYD	X-ray	1.70	A	19-198	[»]
1JYJ	X-ray	2.00	A	19-198	[»]
1QAB	X-ray	3.20	E/F	24-201	[»]
1RBP	X-ray	2.00	A	19-200	[»]
1RLB	X-ray	3.10	E/F	19-190	[»]
2WQ9	X-ray	1.65	A	19-192	[»]
2WQA	X-ray	2.85	E/F	19-194	[»]
2WR6	X-ray	1.80	A	19-192	[»]
3BSZ	X-ray	3.38	E/F	19-194	[»]
3FMZ	X-ray	2.90	A/B	19-201	[»]

ProteinModelPortal

P02753.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

IntAct

P02753. 1 interaction.

STRING

9606.ENSP00000360519.

PTM databases

PhosphoSite

P02753.

Polymorphism databases

DMDM

62298174.

2D gel databases

SWISS-2DPAGE

P02753.

Proteomic databases

PaxDb

P02753.

PRIDE

P02753.

Protocols and materials databases

StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase

Search...

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000371464; ENSP00000360519; ENSG00000138207.
ENST00000371467; ENSP00000360522; ENSG00000138207.

GeneID

5950.

KEGG

hsa:5950.

UCSC

uc001kit.3. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

5950.

GeneCards

GC10M095341.

H-InvDB

HIX0009047.

HGNC

HGNC:9922. RBP4.

HPA

CAB004555.
HPA001641.

MIM

180250. gene+phenotype.

neXtProt

NX_P02753.

PharmGKB

PA34289.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

eggNOG

NOG40507.

HOVERGEN

HBG004493.

InParanoid

P02753.

OMA

MEWVWAL.

OrthoDB

EOG4T4CWM.

PhylomeDB

P02753.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BioCyc

MetaCyc:ENSG00000138207-MONOMER.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P02753.

Bgee

P02753.

CleanEx

HS_RBP4.

Genevestigator

P02753.

GermOnline

ENSG00000138207. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

Gene3D

2.40.128.20. 1 hit.

InterPro

IPR012674. Calycin.
IPR011038. Calycin-like.
IPR002345. Lipocalin.
IPR022271. Lipocalin_ApoD.
IPR022272. Lipocalin_CS.
IPR000566. Lipocln_cytosolic_FA-bd_dom.
IPR002449. Retinol-bd/Purpurin.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR11873. PTHR11873. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF00061. Lipocalin. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PIRSF

PIRSF036893. Lipocalin_ApoD. 1 hit.
PIRSF500204. RBP_purpurin. 1 hit.

PRINTS

PR00179. LIPOCALIN.
PR01174. RETINOLBNDNG.

SUPFAM

SSF50814. Calycin. 1 hit.

PROSITE

PS00213. LIPOCALIN. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other

BindingDB

P02753.

ChEMBL

CHEMBL3100.

ChiTaRS

RBP4. human.

DrugBank

DB00162. Vitamin A.

EvolutionaryTrace

P02753.

GenomeRNAi

5950.

NextBio

23182.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

RET4_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P02753
Secondary accession number(s): D3DR38 , O43478, O43479, Q5VY24, Q8WWA3, Q9P178

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
Last sequence update:	March 29, 2005
Last modified:	May 1, 2013
This is version 160 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Chordata Protein Annotation Program

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.