Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P02668 (CASK_BOVIN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Kappa-casein
Cleaved into the following 5 chains:
    1- Recommended name:
            Casoxin-C
    2- Recommended name:
            Casoxin-6
    3- Recommended name:
            Casoxin-A
    4- Recommended name:
            Casoxin-B
    5- Recommended name:
            Casoplatelin

Gene names

Name:	CSN3
Synonyms:	CSN10, CSNK

Organism

Bos taurus (Bovine)

Taxonomic identifier

9913 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Laurasiatheria › Cetartiodactyla › Ruminantia › Pecora › Bovidae › Bovinae › Bos

Protein attributes

Sequence length	190 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Kappa-casein stabilizes micelle formation, preventing casein precipitation in milk. Casoxins A, B and C have opioid antagonist activity. Casoxin C causes biphasic ileal contractions through the binding to the complement C3a receptors. Casoplatelin inhibits platelet aggregation.
Subunit structure	Monomer or homomultimer; disulfide-linked. Ref.8
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Mammary gland specific. Secreted in milk.
Miscellaneous	The sequence shown is the A variant.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the kappa-casein family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Milk protein
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein Phosphoprotein Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
Technical term	Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Cellular component	extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 21	21	Ref.8 Ref.6 Ref.7
	Chain	22 – 190	169	Kappa-casein		PRO_0000004483
	Peptide	46 – 55	10	Casoxin-C		PRO_0000004484
	Peptide	54 – 59	6	Casoxin-6		PRO_0000004485
	Peptide	56 – 62	7	Casoxin-A		PRO_0000004486
	Peptide	79 – 82	4	Casoxin-B		PRO_0000004487
	Peptide	127 – 137	11	Casoplatelin		PRO_0000004488
Sites
	Site	126 – 127	2	Cleavage; by chymosin/rennin
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	22	1	Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
	Modified residue	148	1	Phosphoserine Ref.20
	Modified residue	170	1	Phosphoserine Ref.20
	Glycosylation	142	1	O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.20 Ref.19
	Glycosylation	152	1	O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.20 Ref.19
	Glycosylation	154	1	O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.20 Ref.19
	Glycosylation	157	1	O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.20 Ref.19
	Glycosylation	163	1	O-linked (GalNAc...) Ref.20 Ref.19
	Glycosylation	186	1	O-linked (GalNAc...); partial Ref.20 Ref.19
	Disulfide bond	32 ↔ 109		Alternate Ref.8
	Disulfide bond	32		Interchain (with C-109); alternate Ref.8
	Disulfide bond	32		Interchain; alternate Ref.8
	Disulfide bond	109		Interchain (with C-32); alternate Ref.8
	Disulfide bond	109		Interchain; alternate Ref.8
Natural variations
	Natural variant	31	1	R → H in variant F.
	Natural variant	118	1	R → C in variant G.
	Natural variant	156	1	T → I in variant G and variant H.
	Natural variant	157	1	T → I in variant B and variant B2.
	Natural variant	169	1	D → A in variant B and variant B2.
	Natural variant	174	1	I → T in variant B2.
	Natural variant	176	1	S → G in variant E.
Experimental info
	Sequence conflict	23	1	E → Q AA sequence Ref.7
	Sequence conflict	26	1	Q → E AA sequence Ref.7
	Sequence conflict	28	1	Q → E AA sequence Ref.7
	Sequence conflict	102	1	N → D AA sequence Ref.6

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P02668-1 [UniParc]. Last modified April 1, 1988. Version 1. Checksum: F12D8310C3B93EDA	FASTA	190	21,269
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MMKSFFLVVT ILALTLPFLG AQEQNQEQPI RCEKDERFFS DKIAKYIPIQ YVLSRYPSYG 70 80 90 100 110 120 LNYYQQKPVA LINNQFLPYP YYAKPAAVRS PAQILQWQVL SNTVPAKSCQ AQPTTMARHP 130 140 150 160 170 180 HPHLSFMAIP PKKNQDKTEI PTINTIASGE PTSTPTTEAV ESTVATLEDS PEVIESPPEI 190 NTVQVTSTAV

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Nucleotide sequences of bovine alpha S1- and kappa-casein cDNAs." Stewart A.F., Willis I.M., Mackinlay A.G. Nucleic Acids Res. 12:3895-3907(1984) [PubMed: 6328443] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (VARIANT A).
[2]	"Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA of kappa casein in cows." Gorodetskii S.I., Kaledin A.S. Genetika 23:596-604(1987) [PubMed: 3582972] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (VARIANT B2).
[3]	"Isolation and characterization of the bovine kappa-casein gene." Alexander L.J., Stewart A.F., McKinlay A.G., Kapelinskaya T.V., Tkach T.M., Gorodetsky S.I. Eur. J. Biochem. 178:395-401(1988) [PubMed: 3208764] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (VARIANT A).
[4]	"Polymorphism in the bovine kappa-casein (CSN3) gene and the 5'-flanking region: sequence analysis of CSN3 A and B alleles." Robitaille G., Britten M., Morisset J., Petitclerc D. Anim. Genet. 36:184-185(2005) [PubMed: 15771744] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] (VARIANTS A AND B). Tissue: Blood.
[5]	NIH - Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) project Submitted (AUG-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (VARIANT B). Strain: Hereford. Tissue: Mammary gland.
[6]	"Primary structure of bovine kappa B casein. Complete sequence." Mercier J.-C., Brignon G., Ribadeau-Dumas B. Eur. J. Biochem. 35:222-235(1973) [PubMed: 4577852] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 22-127 (VARIANT B).
[7]	"Studies on the primary structure of cow kappa-casein. The primary sequence of cow para-kappa-casein." Jolles J., Schoentgen F., Alais C., Jolles P. Chimia 26:645-646(1972) Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 22-126 (VARIANT A).
[8]	"The multimeric structure and disulfide-bonding pattern of bovine kappa-casein." Rasmussen L.K., Hoejrup P., Petersen T.E. Eur. J. Biochem. 207:215-222(1992) [PubMed: 1628650] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 22-38 AND 97-116, INTERCHAIN DISULFIDE BONDS, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[9]	"Construction and identification by partial nucleotide sequence analysis of bovine casein and beta-lactoglobulin cDNA clones." Willis I.M., Stewart A.F., Caputo A., Thompson A.R., McKinlay A.G. DNA 1:375-386(1982) [PubMed: 6897774] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 31-45.
[10]	"Molecular genetic characterization of new bovine kappa-casein alleles CSN3F and CSN3G and genotyping by PCR-RFLP." Prinzenberg E.M., Hiendleder S., Ikonen T., Erhardt G. Anim. Genet. 27:347-349(1996) [PubMed: 8930077] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 31-190 (VARIANTS F AND G). Strain: Ayrshire and Pinzgauer.
[11]	"SSCP analysis at the bovine CSN3 locus discriminates six alleles corresponding to known protein variants (A, B, C, E, F, G) and three new DNA polymorphisms (H, I, A1)." Prinzenberg E.M., Krause I., Erhardt G. Anim. Biotechnol. 10:49-62(1999) [PubMed: 10654430] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 31-190 (VARIANT H). Strain: Pinzgauer.
[12]	"Specificity of hydrolysis of bovine kappa-casein by cell envelope-associated proteinases from Lactococcus lactis strains." Reid J.R., Coolbear T., Pillidge C.J., Pritchard G.G. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:801-806(1994) [PubMed: 8161175] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 54-59.
[13]	"Primary structure of cDNA of Bos taurus kappa-casein macropeptide." Gorodetskii S.I., Kershulyte D.R., Korobko V.G. Bioorg. Khim. 9:1693-1695(1983) [PubMed: 6689612] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 92-190 (VARIANT B2).
[14]	"Studies on the primary structure of cow kappa-casein. Structural features of para-kappa-casein; N-terminal sequence of kappa-caseinoglycopeptide studied with a sequencer." Jolles J., Schoentgen F., Alais C., Fiat A.-M., Jolles P. Helv. Chim. Acta 55:2872-2883(1972) [PubMed: 4653404] [Abstract] Cited for: PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE (VARIANT A).
[15]	"Kappa-casein from bovine colostrum." Guerin J., Alais C., Jolles J., Jolles P. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 351:325-332(1974) [PubMed: 4407313] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 127-168 AND 187-190. Tissue: Colostrum.
[16]	"Localization of amino-acid substitutions that differenciate bovine kappa-casein variants A and B." Grosclaude F., Mahe M.-F., Mercier J.-C., Ribadeau-Dumas B. Ann. Genet. Sel. Anim. 4:515-521(1972) Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 128-190 (VARIANTS A AND B).
[17]	"Genotyping of bovine kappa-casein (kappa-CNA, kappa-CNB, kappa-CNC, kappa-CNE) following DNA sequence amplification and direct sequencing of kappa-CNE PCR product." Schlieben S., Erhardt G., Senft B. Anim. Genet. 22:333-342(1991) [PubMed: 1683188] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 133-190 (VARIANT E).
[18]	Woollard J.R., Dentine M.R. Submitted (FEB-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 133-190 (VARIANTS A AND B).
[19]	"Characterization of O-linked glycosylation motifs in the glycopeptide domain of bovine kappa-casein." Pisano A., Packer N.H., Redmond J.W., Williams K.L., Gooley A.A. Glycobiology 4:837-844(1994) [PubMed: 7734846] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION AT THR-142; THR-152; THR-154; THR-157; THR-163 AND THR-186.
[20]	"Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of bovine kappa-casein macropeptide and characterization of isolated fractions." Minkiewicz P., Slangen C.J., Lagerwerf F.M., Haverkamp J., Rollema H.S., Visser S. J. Chromatogr. A 743:123-135(1996) [PubMed: 8817876] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION AT THR-142; THR-152; THR-154; THR-157; THR-163 AND THR-186, PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-148 AND SER-170.
[21]	"Opioid antagonist peptides derived from kappa-casein." Chiba H., Tani F., Yoshikawa M. J. Dairy Res. 56:363-366(1989) [PubMed: 2760302] [Abstract] Cited for: ACTIVITY OF CASOXINS.
[22]	"Analogy between fibrinogen and casein. Effect of an undecapeptide isolated from kappa-casein on platelet function." Jolles P., Levy-Toledano S., Fiat A.-M., Soria C., Gillessen D., Thomaidis A., Dunn F.W., Caen J.P. Eur. J. Biochem. 158:379-382(1986) [PubMed: 3732274] [Abstract] Cited for: ACTIVITY OF CASOPLATELIN.

Web resources

Protein Spotlight

Of buttons, digestion and glue - Issue 16 of November 2001

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBLGenBankDDBJ	X00565 mRNA. Translation: CAA25231.1. M36641 mRNA. Translation: AAA30433.1. X14907, X14908 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA33034.1. AY380228 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAQ87922.1. AY380229 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAQ87923.1. BC102120 mRNA. Translation: AAI02121.1. K01085 mRNA. Translation: AAA30482.1. AF123250 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD32139.1. AF123251 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD32140.1. AF105260 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAF72097.1. M38333 mRNA. Translation: AAA30432.1. AF041482 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB97519.1. U84250 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB47260.1. U84251 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB47261.1.
IPI	IPI00707811.
PIR	KKBOB. S02076.
RefSeq	NP_776719.1.
UniGene	Bt.49421
3D structure databases
DisProt	DP00192.
ModBase	Search...
PTM databases
GlycoSuiteDB	P02668.
Genome annotation databases
Ensembl	ENSBTAG00000039787. Bos taurus. [Contig view]
GeneID	281728.
KEGG	bta:281728.
Phylogenomic databases
HOVERGEN	P02668.
Family and domain databases
InterPro	IPR000117. Casein_kappa. [Graphical view]
PANTHER	PTHR11470. Casein_kappa. 1 hit.
Pfam	PF00997. Casein_kappa. 1 hit. [Graphical view]
PIRSF	PIRSF002374. Casein_kappa. 1 hit.
ProDom	PD003689. Casein_kappa. 1 hit. [Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
ProtoNet	Search...
Other Resources
PMAP-CutDB	P02668.

Entry information

Entry name

CASK_BOVIN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P02668
Secondary accession number(s): O46566 , Q597F3, Q6U205, Q9N271, Q9TRQ3, Q9TV96, Q9TV97

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
Last sequence update:	April 1, 1988
Last modified:	June 16, 2009
This is version 93 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)