UniProtKB - P02656 (APOC3_HUMAN)
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Protein
Apolipoprotein C-III
Gene
APOC3
Organism
Homo sapiens (Human)
Status
Functioni
Component of triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma (PubMed:18201179, PubMed:22510806). Plays a multifaceted role in triglyceride homeostasis (PubMed:18201179, PubMed:22510806). Intracellularly, promotes hepatic very low density lipoprotein 1 (VLDL1) assembly and secretion; extracellularly, attenuates hydrolysis and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) (PubMed:18201179, PubMed:22510806). Impairs the lipolysis of TRLs by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and the hepatic uptake of TRLs by remnant receptors (PubMed:18201179, PubMed:22510806). Formed of several curved helices connected via semiflexible hinges, so that it can wrap tightly around the curved micelle surface and easily adapt to the different diameters of its natural binding partners (PubMed:18408013).2 Publications1 Publication
Sites
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sitei | 37 | May interact with the LDL receptor1 Publication | 1 | |
Sitei | 41 | May interact with the LDL receptor1 Publication | 1 | |
Sitei | 44 | May interact with the LDL receptor1 Publication | 1 |
GO - Molecular functioni
- cholesterol binding Source: BHF-UCL
- enzyme regulator activity Source: BHF-UCL
- high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: BHF-UCL
- lipase inhibitor activity Source: BHF-UCL
- phospholipid binding Source: BHF-UCL
GO - Biological processi
- cholesterol efflux Source: BHF-UCL
- cholesterol homeostasis Source: BHF-UCL
- chylomicron assembly Source: Reactome
- chylomicron remnant clearance Source: BHF-UCL
- chylomicron remodeling Source: Reactome
- G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway Source: BHF-UCL
- high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: BHF-UCL
- lipoprotein metabolic process Source: InterPro
- negative regulation of cholesterol import Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of lipid catabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of lipid metabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance Source: BHF-UCL
- negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling Source: BHF-UCL
- phospholipid efflux Source: BHF-UCL
- regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction Source: BHF-UCL
- retinoid metabolic process Source: Reactome
- reverse cholesterol transport Source: BHF-UCL
- triglyceride catabolic process Source: BHF-UCL
- triglyceride homeostasis Source: BHF-UCL
- triglyceride metabolic process Source: HGNC
- very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly Source: BHF-UCL
Keywordsi
Biological process | Lipid degradation, Lipid metabolism, Lipid transport, Transport |
Ligand | Sialic acid |
Enzyme and pathway databases
Reactomei | R-HSA-8963888. Chylomicron assembly. R-HSA-8963901. Chylomicron remodeling. R-HSA-8964058. HDL remodeling. R-HSA-975634. Retinoid metabolism and transport. |
SIGNORi | P02656. |
Names & Taxonomyi
Protein namesi | Recommended name: Apolipoprotein C-IIIShort name: Apo-CIII Short name: ApoC-III Alternative name(s): Apolipoprotein C3 |
Gene namesi | Name:APOC3 |
Organismi | Homo sapiens (Human) |
Taxonomic identifieri | 9606 [NCBI] |
Taxonomic lineagei | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Proteomesi |
|
Organism-specific databases
EuPathDBi | HostDB:ENSG00000110245.11. |
HGNCi | HGNC:610. APOC3. |
MIMi | 107720. gene. |
neXtProti | NX_P02656. |
Pathology & Biotechi
Involvement in diseasei
Hyperalphalipoproteinemia 2 (HALP2)1 Publication
The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease descriptionA condition characterized by high levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased HDL cholesterol levels.
See also OMIM:614028Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Natural variantiVAR_000643 | 78 | K → E in HALP2. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs121918382Ensembl. | 1 |
Keywords - Diseasei
Disease mutationOrganism-specific databases
DisGeNETi | 345. |
MalaCardsi | APOC3. |
MIMi | 614028. phenotype. |
OpenTargetsi | ENSG00000110245. |
Orphaneti | 79506. Cholesterol-ester transfer protein deficiency. 33271. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. |
PharmGKBi | PA53. |
Polymorphism and mutation databases
BioMutai | APOC3. |
DMDMi | 114026. |
PTM / Processingi
Molecule processing
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Signal peptidei | 1 – 20 | 2 PublicationsAdd BLAST | 20 | |
ChainiPRO_0000002031 | 21 – 99 | Apolipoprotein C-III1 PublicationAdd BLAST | 79 |
Amino acid modifications
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
GlycosylationiCAR_000168 | 94 | O-linked (GalNAc...) threonine3 Publications | 1 |
Post-translational modificationi
The most abundant glycoforms are characterized by an O-linked disaccharide galactose linked to N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal-GalNAc), further modified with up to 3 sialic acid residues. Less abundant glycoforms are characterized by more complex and fucosylated glycan moieties. O-glycosylated on Thr-94 with a core 1 or possibly core 8 glycan.3 Publications
Keywords - PTMi
GlycoproteinProteomic databases
MaxQBi | P02656. |
PaxDbi | P02656. |
PeptideAtlasi | P02656. |
PRIDEi | P02656. |
2D gel databases
DOSAC-COBS-2DPAGEi | P02656. |
SWISS-2DPAGEi | P02656. |
PTM databases
CarbonylDBi | P02656. |
iPTMneti | P02656. |
PhosphoSitePlusi | P02656. |
UniCarbKBi | P02656. |
Expressioni
Tissue specificityi
Liver.1 Publication
Gene expression databases
Bgeei | ENSG00000110245. |
CleanExi | HS_APOC3. |
ExpressionAtlasi | P02656. baseline and differential. |
Genevisiblei | P02656. HS. |
Interactioni
GO - Molecular functioni
- high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding Source: BHF-UCL
Protein-protein interaction databases
BioGridi | 106842. 23 interactors. |
IntActi | P02656. 3 interactors. |
STRINGi | 9606.ENSP00000227667. |
Structurei
Secondary structure
Legend: HelixTurnBeta strandPDB Structure known for this area
Show more detailsFeature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Helixi | 29 – 39 | Combined sources | 11 | |
Helixi | 40 – 42 | Combined sources | 3 | |
Helixi | 43 – 48 | Combined sources | 6 | |
Helixi | 49 – 55 | Combined sources | 7 | |
Helixi | 56 – 62 | Combined sources | 7 | |
Turni | 63 – 68 | Combined sources | 6 | |
Helixi | 69 – 80 | Combined sources | 12 | |
Helixi | 83 – 85 | Combined sources | 3 | |
Helixi | 93 – 98 | Combined sources | 6 |
3D structure databases
Select the link destinations: PDBei RCSB PDBi PDBji Links Updated | PDB entry | Method | Resolution (Å) | Chain | Positions | PDBsum |
2JQ3 | NMR | - | A | 21-99 | [»] | |
ProteinModelPortali | P02656. | |||||
SMRi | P02656. | |||||
ModBasei | Search... | |||||
MobiDBi | Search... |
Miscellaneous databases
EvolutionaryTracei | P02656. |
Family & Domainsi
Region
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regioni | 68 – 99 | Lipid-bindingAdd BLAST | 32 |
Sequence similaritiesi
Belongs to the apolipoprotein C3 family.Curated
Keywords - Domaini
SignalPhylogenomic databases
eggNOGi | ENOG410JE3N. Eukaryota. ENOG4111APE. LUCA. |
GeneTreei | ENSGT00390000015395. |
HOGENOMi | HOG000247042. |
HOVERGENi | HBG050549. |
InParanoidi | P02656. |
KOi | K08759. |
PhylomeDBi | P02656. |
TreeFami | TF338209. |
Family and domain databases
Gene3Di | 1.10.225.30. 1 hit. |
InterProi | View protein in InterPro IPR008403. Apo-CIII. IPR038195. Apo_CIII_sf. |
PANTHERi | PTHR14225. PTHR14225. 1 hit. |
Pfami | View protein in Pfam PF05778. Apo-CIII. 1 hit. |
ProDomi | View protein in ProDom or Entries sharing at least one domain PD010414. Apo-CIII. 1 hit. |
i Sequence
Sequence statusi: Complete.
: The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. Sequence processingi
P02656-1 [UniParc]FASTAAdd to basket
10 20 30 40 50
MQPRVLLVVA LLALLASARA SEAEDASLLS FMQGYMKHAT KTAKDALSSV
60 70 80 90
QESQVAQQAR GWVTDGFSSL KDYWSTVKDK FSEFWDLDPE VRPTSAVAA
Experimental Info
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sequence conflicti | 52 – 53 | ES → SQ AA sequence (PubMed:4846755).Curated | 2 | |
Sequence conflicti | 57 – 59 | QQA → AQQ AA sequence (PubMed:4846755).Curated | 3 |
Natural variant
Feature key | Position(s) | DescriptionActions | Graphical view | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
Natural variantiVAR_000643 | 78 | K → E in HALP2. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs121918382Ensembl. | 1 | |
Natural variantiVAR_000644 | 94 | T → A in C-III-0; unglycosylated. 1 PublicationCorresponds to variant dbSNP:rs121918381Ensembl. | 1 |
Sequence databases
Select the link destinations: EMBLi GenBanki DDBJi Links Updated | J00098 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB59515.1. M33043, M33041, M33042 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB59372.1. X01392 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA25648.1. X01388 mRNA. Translation: CAA25644.1. X03120 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA26895.1. V01513 mRNA. Translation: CAA24757.1. M28613 mRNA. Translation: AAA51760.1. M28614 mRNA. Translation: AAA51761.1. X00567 mRNA. Translation: CAA25233.1. AY422951 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAQ91810.1. AY555191 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAS68230.1. BC027977 mRNA. Translation: AAH27977.1. BC121081 mRNA. Translation: AAI21082.1. |
CCDSi | CCDS8377.1. |
PIRi | A90950. LPHUC3. |
RefSeqi | NP_000031.1. NM_000040.1. |
UniGenei | Hs.73849. |
Genome annotation databases
Ensembli | ENST00000227667; ENSP00000227667; ENSG00000110245. |
GeneIDi | 345. |
KEGGi | hsa:345. |
UCSCi | uc001ppt.2. human. |
Keywords - Coding sequence diversityi
PolymorphismSimilar proteinsi
Entry informationi
Entry namei | APOC3_HUMAN | |
Accessioni | P02656Primary (citable) accession number: P02656 Secondary accession number(s): Q08E83, Q6Q786 | |
Entry historyi | Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: | July 21, 1986 |
Last sequence update: | July 21, 1986 | |
Last modified: | March 28, 2018 | |
This is version 180 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. See complete history. | ||
Entry statusi | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | |
Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | |
Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. |