P01500 (APAM_APIME) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Names and origin

Protein names	Recommended name: Apamin
Organism	Apis mellifera (Honeybee) [Reference proteome]
Taxonomic identifier	7460 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineage	cellular organisms › Eukaryota › Opisthokonta › Metazoa › Eumetazoa › Bilateria › Protostomia › Ecdysozoa › Panarthropoda › Arthropoda › Mandibulata › Pancrustacea › Hexapoda › Insecta › Dicondylia › Pterygota › Neoptera › Endopterygota › Hymenoptera › Apocrita › Aculeata › Apoidea › Apidae › Apinae › Apini › Apis

Protein attributes

Sequence length	46 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Neurotoxin that blocks voltage-independent calcium-activated potassium channels (KCNN1=SK1, KCNN2=SK2, KCNN3=SK3).
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Expressed by the venom gland.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Ion channel impairing toxin Neurotoxin Potassium channel inhibitor Toxin
PTM	Amidation Disulfide bond
Technical term	Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing Reference proteome
Gene Ontology (GO)
Cellular_component	extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-SubCell
Molecular_function	potassium channel inhibitor activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

	Feature key	Position(s)	Length	Description	Graphical view	Feature identifier
Molecule processing
	Signal peptide	1 – 27	27	Ref.2 Ref.3
	Peptide	28 – 45	18	Apamin Ref.2 Ref.3		PRO_0000018611
Regions
	Region	40 – 41	2	Essential for toxin activity
Amino acid modifications
	Modified residue	45	1	Histidine amide
	Disulfide bond	28 ↔ 38
	Disulfide bond	30 ↔ 42

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P01500 [UniParc]. Last modified October 1, 1996. Version 2. Checksum: 92694A07501AEE33	FASTA	46	5,223
	10 20 30 40 MISMLRCIYL FLSVILITSY FVTPVMPCNC KAPETALCAR RCQQHG

References

[1]	"The precursors of the bee venom constituents apamin and MCD peptide are encoded by two genes in tandem which share the same 3'-exon." Gmachl M., Kreil G. J. Biol. Chem. 270:12704-12708(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. Tissue: Venom gland.
[2]	"Sequence analysis of bee venom neurotoxin (apamine) from its tryptic and chymotryptic cleavage products." Haux P., Sawerthal H., Habermann E. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 348:737-738(1967) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-45. Tissue: Venom.
[3]	Shipolini R., Bradbury A.F., Callewaert G.L., Vernon C.A. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1967:679-680(1967) Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-45. Tissue: Venom.
[4]	"Solution structure of apamin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry." Pease J.H.B., Wemmer D.E. Biochemistry 27:8491-8498(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 28-45.
[5]	"Spatial structure of apamin in solution." Andrianov A.M., Akhrem A.A. Mol. Biol. (Mosk.) 25:937-945(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 28-45.
[6]	"Binding and toxicity of apamin. Characterization of the active site." Labee-Jullie C., Granier C., Alberico F., Defendini M.-L., Ceard B., Rochat H., van Rietschoten J. Eur. J. Biochem. 196:639-645(1991) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SYNTHESIS, ACTIVITY OF ANALOGS.

Cross-references

Sequence databases
EMBL GenBank DDBJ	S78458 mRNA. Translation: AAB34402.1.
PIR	AMHB. A56710.
RefSeq	NP_001011612.1. NM_001011612.1.
UniGene	Ame.1216.
3D structure databases
ProteinModelPortal	P01500.
ModBase	Search...
Protein-protein interaction databases
STRING	7460.P01500.
Protocols and materials databases
StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase	Search...
Genome annotation databases
EnsemblMetazoa	GB18161-RA; GB18161-PA; GB18161.
GeneID	406135.
KEGG	ame:406135.
Organism-specific databases
CTD	406135.
Phylogenomic databases
HOGENOM	HOG000033980.
Family and domain databases
ProtoNet	Search...

Entry information

Entry name

APAM_APIME

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P01500

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
Last sequence update:	October 1, 1996
Last modified:	April 3, 2013
This is version 75 of the entry and version 2 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation program

Animal Toxin Annotation Program