Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P01236 (PRL_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Prolactin
      Short name=PRL

Gene names

Name:

PRL

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human)

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	227 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Prolactin acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family.
Sequence caution	The sequence CAA38264.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at position 8.

Ontologies

Keywords
Biological process	Lactation
Cellular component	Secreted
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Hormone
PTM	Glycoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	cell proliferation Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc cell surface receptor linked signal transduction Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc female pregnancy Non-traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc lactation Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Cellular component	extracellular region Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro
Molecular function	hormone activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: InterPro prolactin receptor binding Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 28

28

Chain

29 – 227

199

Prolactin

PRO_0000032916

Amino acid modifications

Glycosylation

59

1

N-linked (GlcNAc...); partial

Disulfide bond

32 ↔ 39

By similarity

Disulfide bond

86 ↔ 202

By similarity

Disulfide bond

219 ↔ 227

By similarity

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

42

1

T → A in AAB70858. Ref.6

Sequence conflict

110 – 111

2

SL → VS AA sequence Ref.7

Sequence conflict

113 – 114

2

VS → L AA sequence Ref.7

Sequence conflict

118

1

S → P in AAB70858. Ref.6

Sequence conflict

148

1

E → Q in BAA00312. Ref.5

Sequence conflict

172

1

N → D AA sequence Ref.7

Sequence conflict

190 – 191

2

ES → SE AA sequence Ref.7

Sequence conflict

206

1

D → H in AAA60173 and BAA00312. Ref.5

Secondary structure

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

227

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Helix

43 – 73

31

Beta strand

74 – 76

3

Helix

87 – 90

4

Beta strand

95 – 97

3

Helix

98 – 102

5

Helix

105 – 118

14

Helix

120 – 131

12

Helix

138 – 165

28

Helix

181 – 184

4

Helix

189 – 221

33

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P01236-1 [UniParc]. Last modified July 21, 1986. Version 1. Checksum: 952BBA1B6A955527	FASTA	227	25,876
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MNIKGSPWKG SLLLLLVSNL LLCQSVAPLP ICPGGAARCQ VTLRDLFDRA VVLSHYIHNL 70 80 90 100 110 120 SSEMFSEFDK RYTHGRGFIT KAINSCHTSS LATPEDKEQA QQMNQKDFLS LIVSILRSWN 130 140 150 160 170 180 EPLYHLVTEV RGMQEAPEAI LSKAVEIEEQ TKRLLEGMEL IVSQVHPETK ENEIYPVWSG 190 200 210 220 LPSLQMADEE SRLSAYYNLL HCLRRDSHKI DNYLKLLKCR IIHNNNC

References

	« Hide 'large scale' referencesShow 'large scale' references »
[1]	"Human prolactin. cDNA structural analysis and evolutionary comparisons." Cooke N.E., Coit D., Shine J., Baxter J.D., Martial J.A. J. Biol. Chem. 256:4007-4016(1981) [PubMed: 6260780] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[2]	"Isolation and characterization of the human prolactin gene." Truong A.T., Duez C., Belayew A., Renard A., Pictet R.L., Bell G.I., Martial J.A. EMBO J. 3:429-437(1984) [PubMed: 6325171] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[3]	"A placenta-specific 5'non-coding exon of human prolactin." Hiraoka Y., Tatsumi K., Shiozawa M., Aiso S., Fukasawa T., Yasuda K., Miyai K. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 75:71-80(1990) [PubMed: 2050267] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[4]	"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Testis.
[5]	"Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of DNA complementary to human decidual prolactin mRNA." Takahashi H., Nabeshima Y., Nabeshima Y., Ogata K., Takeuchi S. J. Biochem. 95:1491-1499(1984) [PubMed: 6146607] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 11-227.
[6]	"Expression of the prolactin gene in normal and neoplastic human breast tissues and human mammary cell lines: promoter usage and alternative mRNA splicing." Shaw-Bruha C.M., Pirrucello S.J., Shull J.D. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 44:243-253(1997) [PubMed: 9266104] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 11-201. Tissue: Mammary gland.
[7]	"Human pituitary prolactin (hPRL): the entire linear amino acid sequence." Shome B., Parlow A.F. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 45:1112-1115(1977) [PubMed: 925136] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 29-227.
[8]	"High sensitivity automated sequence determination of polypeptides." Jacobs J.W., Niall H.D. J. Biol. Chem. 250:3629-3636(1975) [PubMed: 1126929] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 29-53.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

Prolactin entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBLGenBankDDBJ

V00566 mRNA. Translation: CAA23829.1.
X00540 , X00541, X00543, X00544 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA25214.1.
X54393 mRNA. Translation: CAA38263.1. Frameshift.
X54393 mRNA. Translation: CAA38264.1. Frameshift.
BC015850 mRNA. Translation: AAH15850.1.
M29386 mRNA. Translation: AAA60173.1.
D00411 mRNA. Translation: BAA00312.1.
U75583 mRNA. Translation: AAB70858.1.

PIR

A61402.
LCHU. A90998.

RefSeq

NP_000939.1.

UniGene

Hs.1905

3D structure databases

PDBMSD

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1N9D	NMR	-	A	29-227	[»]
1RW5	NMR	-	A	29-227	[»]
2Q98	X-ray	2.70	A	38-227	[»]
3D48	X-ray	2.50	P	41-227	[»]

ModBase

Search...

PTM databases

PhosphoSite

P01236.

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENSG00000172179. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]

GeneID

5617.

KEGG

hsa:5617.

Organism-specific databases

H-InvDB

HIX0005617.

HGNC

HGNC:9445. PRL.

MIM

176760. gene.

PharmGKB

PA33790.

GenAtlas

Search...

GeneCards

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

HOVERGEN

P01236.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P01236.

CleanEx

HS_PRL.

GermOnline

ENSG00000172179. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR012351. 4_helix_cytokine_core.
IPR001400. Somatotropin.
[Graphical view]

Gene3D

G3DSA:1.20.1250.10. 4_helix_cytokine_core. 1 hit.

PANTHER

PTHR11417. Somatotropin. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF00103. Hormone_1. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PRINTS

PR00836. SOMATOTROPIN.

PROSITE

PS00266. SOMATOTROPIN_1. 1 hit.
PS00338. SOMATOTROPIN_2. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other Resources

LinkHub

P01236.

NextBio

21828.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

PRL_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P01236
Secondary accession number(s): Q15199, Q92996

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
Last sequence update:	July 21, 1986
Last modified:	November 25, 2008
This is version 98 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)