Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P01229 (LSHB_HUMAN)

Names and origin

Protein names

Recommended name:
    Lutropin subunit beta
      Short name=Lutropin beta chain
Alternative name(s):
    Luteinizing hormone subunit beta
    LSH-beta
      Short name=LSH-B
      Short name=LH-B

Gene names

Name:

LHB

Organism

Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome]

Taxonomic identifier

9606 [NCBI]

Taxonomic lineage

Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo

Protein attributes

Sequence length	141 AA.
Sequence status	Complete.
Sequence processing	The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existence	Evidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function	Promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids.
Subunit structure	Heterodimer of a common alpha chain and a unique beta chain which confers biological specificity to thyrotropin, lutropin, follitropin and gonadotropin.
Subcellular location	Secreted.
Tissue specificity	Pituitary gland.
Involvement in disease	Defects in LHB are a cause of hypogonadism [MIM:152780]. Hypogonadism is characterized by infertility and pseudohermaphroditism. Ref.7
Sequence similarities	Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family.

Ontologies

Keywords
Cellular component	Secreted
Coding sequence diversity	Polymorphism
Disease	Disease mutation Pseudohermaphroditism
Domain	Signal
Molecular function	Hormone
PTM	Disulfide bond Glycoprotein
Technical term	3D-structure Complete proteome Direct protein sequencing
Gene Ontology (GO)
Biological process	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome cell-cell signaling Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc male gonad development Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc progesterone biosynthetic process Traceable author statement. Source: UniProtKB
Cellular component	extracellular region Ref.2 Inferred from Experiment. Source: Reactome soluble fraction Traceable author statement. Source: ProtInc
Molecular function	hormone activity Inferred from electronic annotation. Source: UniProtKB-KW
Complete GO annotation...

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature key

Position(s)

Length

Description

Graphical view

Feature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide

1 – 20

20

Ref.2 Ref.3

Chain

21 – 141

121

Lutropin subunit beta

PRO_0000011726

Amino acid modifications

Glycosylation

50

1

N-linked (GlcNAc...)

CAR_000045

Disulfide bond

29 ↔ 77

By similarity

Disulfide bond

43 ↔ 92

By similarity

Disulfide bond

46 ↔ 130

By similarity

Disulfide bond

54 ↔ 108

By similarity

Disulfide bond

58 ↔ 110

By similarity

Disulfide bond

113 ↔ 120

By similarity

Natural variations

Natural variant

15

1

M → I: dbSNP rs34247911.

VAR_034098

Natural variant

18

1

A → T More effective in stimulating IP3 but not cAMP production. dbSNP rs5030775. Ref.10

VAR_015672

Natural variant

28

1

W → R: dbSNP rs1800447. Ref.9

VAR_014589

Natural variant

35

1

I → T: dbSNP rs34349826. Ref.9

VAR_014590

Natural variant

74

1

Q → R in hypogonadism; lack of receptor-binding. dbSNP rs5030773. Ref.7

VAR_003189

Natural variant

122

1

G → S May be implicated in female infertility. dbSNP rs5030774. Ref.8

VAR_015673

Experimental info

Sequence conflict

39

1

E → Q AA sequence Ref.2

Sequence conflict

76

1

Missing AA sequence Ref.2

Sequence conflict

132 – 135

4

HPQL → PQH AA sequence Ref.2

Secondary structure

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

141

Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Beta strand

21 – 23

3

Beta strand

28 – 38

11

Beta strand

47 – 55

9

Beta strand

75 – 88

14

Beta strand

99 – 112

14

Turn

115 – 117

3

Sequences

	Sequence		Length	Mass (Da)
	P01229-1 [UniParc]. Last modified November 1, 1995. Version 3. Checksum: E411766253113F7C	FASTA	141	15,345
	10 20 30 40 50 60 MEMLQGLLLL LLLSMGGAWA SREPLRPWCH PINAILAVEK EGCPVCITVN TTICAGYCPT 70 80 90 100 110 120 MMRVLQAVLP PLPQVVCTYR DVRFESIRLP GCPRGVDPVV SFPVALSCRC GPCRRSTSDC 130 140 GGPKDHPLTC DHPQLSGLLF L

References

[1]	"Evolution of the genes for the beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone." Talmadge K., Vamvakopoulos N.C., Fiddes J.C. Nature 307:37-40(1984) [PubMed: 6690982] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[2]	"Human pituitary lutropin. Isolation, properties, and the complete amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit." Sairam M.R., Li C.H. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 412:70-81(1975) [PubMed: 1191677] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 21-141.
[3]	"The primary structure of the hormone-specific, beta subunit of human pituitary luteinizing hormone (hLH)." Shome B., Parlow A.F. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 36:618-621(1973) [PubMed: 4685398] [Abstract] Cited for: PRELIMINARY PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 21-141.
[4]	"Human luteinizing hormone. The amino acid sequence of the subunit." Closset J., Hennen G., Lequin R.M. FEBS Lett. 29:97-100(1973) [PubMed: 4719207] [Abstract] Cited for: PRELIMINARY PARTIAL PROTEIN SEQUENCE.
[5]	"NMR investigations of the N-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of human lutropin." Weisshaar G., Hiyama J., Renwick A.G.C., Nimtz M. Eur. J. Biochem. 195:257-268(1991) [PubMed: 1991473] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATE.
[6]	"Structure of a receptor-binding fragment from human luteinizing hormone beta-subunit determined by [1H]- and [15N]nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy." Keutmann H.T., Hua Q.-X., Weiss M.A. Mol. Endocrinol. 6:904-913(1992) [PubMed: 1495492] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 58-77.
[7]	"Hypogonadism caused by a single amino acid substitution in the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone." Weiss J., Axelrod L., Whitcomb R.W., Harris P.E., Crowley W.F. Jr., Jameson J.L. N. Engl. J. Med. 326:179-183(1992) [PubMed: 1727547] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT HYPOGONADISM ARG-74.
[8]	"A new molecular variant of luteinizing hormone associated with female infertility." Liao W.X., Roy A.C., Chan C., Arulkumaran S., Ratnam S.S. Fertil. Steril. 69:102-106(1998) [PubMed: 9457942] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT SER-122.
[9]	"Increased prevalence of luteinizing hormone beta-subunit variant in Japanese infertility patients." Takahashi K., Kurioka H., Ozaki T., Kanasaki H., Kohsaka M., Miyazaki K., Karino K. Hum. Reprod. 13:3338-3344(1998) [PubMed: 9886510] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS ARG-28 AND THR-35.
[10]	"A novel Ala(-3)Thr mutation in the signal peptide of human luteinizing hormone beta-subunit: potentiation of the inositol phosphate signalling pathway and attenuation of the adenylate cyclase pathway by recombinant variant hormone." Jiang M., Lamminen T., Pakarinen P., Hellman J., Manna P., Herrera R.J., Huhtaniemi I. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 8:201-212(2002) [PubMed: 11870227] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT THR-18.
+	Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

SHMPD

The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database

Wikipedia

Luteinizing hormone entry

Cross-references

Sequence databases

EMBLGenBankDDBJ

X00264 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA25067.1.
S71273 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD14960.1. Sequence problems.

IPI

IPI00000854.

PIR

UTHUB. I37994.

RefSeq

NP_000885.1.

UniGene

Hs.154704

3D structure databases

PDBPDBe

Entry	Method	Resolution (Å)	Chain	Positions	PDBsum
1M92	model	-	A	1-141	[»]

SMR

P01229. Positions 22-131.

ModBase

Search...

Protein-protein interaction databases

STRING

P01229.

PTM databases

GlycoSuiteDB

P01229.

Proteomic databases

PRIDE

P01229.

Genome annotation databases

Ensembl

ENST00000221421; ENSP00000221421; ENSG00000104826; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]
ENST00000391870; ENSP00000375743; ENSG00000104826; Homo sapiens. [Genome view]

GeneID

3972.

KEGG

hsa:3972.

UCSC

uc002plt.1. human.

Organism-specific databases

CTD

3972.

GeneCards

GC19M054211.

H-InvDB

HIX0040153.

HGNC

HGNC:6584. LHB.

MIM

152780. gene+phenotype.

Orphanet

755. Leydig cell hypoplasia.

PharmGKB

PA30356.

GenAtlas

Search...

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOM

P01229.

HOVERGEN

P01229.

OMA

LSCRCGP.

Enzyme and pathway databases

Reactome

REACT_14797. Signaling by GPCR.
REACT_15314. Hormone biosynthesis.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpress

P01229.

Bgee

P01229.

CleanEx

HS_LHB.

Genevestigator

P01229.

GermOnline

ENSG00000104826. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterPro

IPR006208. Cys_knot.
IPR001545. Gonadotropin_bsu.
IPR018245. Gonadotropin_bsu_CS.
[Graphical view]

PANTHER

PTHR11515. Gly_hormoneB. 1 hit.

Pfam

PF00007. Cys_knot. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

SMART

SM00068. GHB. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

PROSITE

PS00261. GLYCO_HORMONE_BETA_1. 1 hit.
PS00689. GLYCO_HORMONE_BETA_2. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]

ProtoNet

Search...

Other Resources

DrugBank

DB00044. Lutropin alfa.
DB00032. Menotropins.

NextBio

15570.

SOURCE

Search...

Entry information

Entry name

LSHB_HUMAN

Accession

Primary (citable) accession number: P01229

Entry history

Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:	July 21, 1986
Last sequence update:	November 1, 1995
Last modified:	November 3, 2009
This is version 109 of the entry and version 3 of the sequence. [Complete history]

Entry status

Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Annotation project

HPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Disclaimer

Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care.