ID GLHA_HUMAN Reviewed; 116 AA. AC P01215; DT 21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 21-JUL-1986, sequence version 1. DT 27-MAR-2024, entry version 223. DE RecName: Full=Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain; DE AltName: Full=Anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha; DE AltName: Full=Choriogonadotropin alpha chain; DE AltName: Full=Chorionic gonadotrophin subunit alpha; DE Short=CG-alpha; DE AltName: Full=Follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain; DE Short=FSH-alpha; DE AltName: Full=Follitropin alpha chain; DE AltName: Full=Luteinizing hormone alpha chain; DE Short=LSH-alpha; DE AltName: Full=Lutropin alpha chain; DE AltName: Full=Thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain; DE Short=TSH-alpha; DE AltName: Full=Thyrotropin alpha chain; DE Flags: Precursor; GN Name=CGA; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=481597; DOI=10.1038/281351a0; RA Fiddes J.C., Goodman H.M.; RT "Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the alpha-subunit RT of human chorionic gonadotropin."; RL Nature 281:351-356(1979). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=8196184; RA Miyoshi I., Kasai N., Hayashizaki Y.; RT "Structure and regulation of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) RT gene."; RL Nippon Rinsho 52:940-947(1994). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Placenta; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-98. RX PubMed=6286817; RA Fiddes J.C., Goodman H.M.; RT "The gene encoding the common alpha subunit of the four human glycoprotein RT hormones."; RL J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:3-18(1981). RN [5] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 1-24 (PRECURSOR PROTEIN). RX PubMed=7462224; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69881-9; RA Birken S., Fetherston J., Canfield R.E., Boime I.; RT "The amino acid sequences of the prepeptides contained in the alpha and RT beta subunits of human choriogonadotropin."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 256:1816-1823(1981). RN [6] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-116. RX PubMed=890569; DOI=10.1139/o77-108; RA Sairam M.R., Li C.H.; RT "Human pituitary thyrotropin. The primary structure of the alpha and beta RT subunits."; RL Can. J. Biochem. 55:755-760(1977). RN [7] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-116. RX PubMed=5065401; DOI=10.1016/0006-291x(72)90380-4; RA Sairam M.R., Papkoff H., Li C.H.; RT "Human pituitary interstitial cell stimulating hormone: primary structure RT of the alpha-subunit."; RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 48:530-537(1972). RN [8] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE, AND SEQUENCE REVISION. RA Keutmann H.T., Williams R.M., Bishop W.H., Ryan R.J.; RT "Structure of human luteninizing hormone."; RL Fed. Proc. 37:1828-1828(1978). RN [9] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-116. RC TISSUE=Pituitary; RX PubMed=1158880; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40994-0; RA Rathnam P., Saxena B.B.; RT "Primary amino acid sequence of follicle-stimulating hormone from human RT pituitary glands. I. alpha subunit."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 250:6735-6746(1975). RN [10] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-116. RX PubMed=4835135; DOI=10.1210/jcem-39-1-199; RA Shome B., Parlow A.F.; RT "Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH): first proposal for the amino RT acid sequence of the alpha-subunit (hFSHa) and first demonstration of its RT identity with the alpha-subunit of human luteinizing hormone (hLHa)."; RL J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 39:199-202(1974). RN [11] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-116. RX PubMed=1150658; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41303-3; RA Morgan F.J., Birken S., Canfield R.E.; RT "The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit RT and beta subunit."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 250:5247-5258(1975). RN [12] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-116. RX PubMed=4745444; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43424-8; RA Bellisario R., Carlsen R.B., Bahl O.P.; RT "Human chorionic gonadotropin. Linear amino acid sequence of the alpha RT subunit."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 248:6796-6809(1973). RN [13] RP PRELIMINARY ASSIGNMENT OF DISULFIDE BONDS. RX PubMed=6774759; DOI=10.1016/0005-2795(80)90084-7; RA Fujiki Y., Rathnam P., Saxena B.B.; RT "Studies on the disulfide bonds in human pituitary follicle-stimulating RT hormone."; RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 624:428-435(1980). RN [14] RP PRELIMINARY ASSIGNMENT OF DISULFIDE BONDS. RX PubMed=7410374; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43527-2; RA Mise T., Bahl O.P.; RT "Assignment of disulfide bonds in the alpha subunit of human chorionic RT gonadotropin."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 255:8516-8522(1980). RN [15] RP STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES. RX PubMed=1991473; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15702.x; RA Weisshaar G., Hiyama J., Renwick A.G.C., Nimtz M.; RT "NMR investigations of the N-linked oligosaccharides at individual RT glycosylation sites of human lutropin."; RL Eur. J. Biochem. 195:257-268(1991). RN [16] RP FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. RX PubMed=2494176; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83656-0; RA Keene J.L., Matzuk M.M., Otani T., Fauser B.C.J.M., Galway A.B., RA Hsueh A.J.W., Boime I.; RT "Expression of biologically active human follitropin in Chinese hamster RT ovary cells."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 264:4769-4775(1989). RN [17] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (3.0 ANGSTROMS). RX PubMed=8202136; DOI=10.1038/369455a0; RA Lapthorn A.J., Harris D.C., Littlejohn A., Lustbader J.W., Canfield R.E., RA Machin K.J., Morgan F.J., Isaacs N.W.; RT "Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin."; RL Nature 369:455-461(1994). RN [18] RP STRUCTURE BY NMR. RX PubMed=8898911; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0229t.x; RA de Beer T., van Zuylen C.W.E.M., Leeflang B.R., Haard K., Boelens R., RA Kaptein R., Kamerling J.P., Vliegenthart J.F.G.; RT "NMR studies of the free alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. RT Structural influences of N-glycosylation and the beta subunit on the RT conformation of the alpha subunit."; RL Eur. J. Biochem. 241:229-242(1996). RN [19] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.92 ANGSTROMS) OF 25-116 IN COMPLEX WITH FSHB AND RP FSHR, DISULFIDE BONDS, AND GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-76 AND ASN-102. RX PubMed=15662415; DOI=10.1038/nature03206; RA Fan Q.R., Hendrickson W.A.; RT "Structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone in complex with its RT receptor."; RL Nature 433:269-277(2005). RN [20] {ECO:0007744|PDB:4MQW} RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.90 ANGSTROMS) OF 25-116 IN COMPLEX WITH FSHB AND RP FSHR, FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DISULFIDE BONDS, GLYCOSYLATION AT RP ASN-76 AND ASN-102, AND MUTAGENESIS OF ASN-76. RX PubMed=24692546; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m114.549592; RA Jiang X., Fischer D., Chen X., McKenna S.D., Liu H., Sriraman V., Yu H.N., RA Goutopoulos A., Arkinstall S., He X.; RT "Evidence for follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as a functional RT trimer."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 289:14273-14282(2014). CC -!- FUNCTION: Shared alpha chain of the active heterodimeric glycoprotein CC hormones thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH, CC lutropin/luteinizing hormone/LH, follitropin/follicle stimulating CC hormone/FSH and choriogonadotropin/CG. These hormones bind specific CC receptors on target cells that in turn activate downstream signaling CC pathways. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2494176}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Heterodimer. The active hormones thyrotropin, lutropin, CC follitropin and choriogonadotropin are heterodimers composed of CGA, a CC common alpha chain described here and a unique beta chain which confers CC their biological specificity to the hormones: TSHB for thyrotropin, LHB CC for lutropin, FSHB for follitropin and choriogonadotropin subunit CC beta/CGB for choriogonadotropin. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15662415, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:2494176}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC P01215; P0DN86: CGB3; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-718913, EBI-8626304; CC P01215; P01225: FSHB; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-718913, EBI-1030645; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:2494176}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit alpha family. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Protein Spotlight; Note=Proteic grace - Issue 77 of CC December 2006; CC URL="https://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/077"; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; J00152; AAD13690.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; J00150; AAD13690.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; J00151; AAD13690.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; S70585; AAB30827.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; S70583; AAB30827.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; S70584; AAB30827.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC020782; AAH20782.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC055080; AAH55080.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; V00518; CAA23777.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS5007.1; -. DR PIR; A93213; TTHUAP. DR RefSeq; NP_000726.1; NM_000735.3. DR RefSeq; NP_001239312.1; NM_001252383.1. DR PDB; 1DZ7; NMR; -; A=25-116. DR PDB; 1E9J; NMR; -; A=25-116. DR PDB; 1FL7; X-ray; 3.00 A; A/C=25-116. DR PDB; 1HCN; X-ray; 2.60 A; A=25-116. DR PDB; 1HD4; NMR; -; A=25-116. DR PDB; 1HRP; X-ray; 3.00 A; A=25-116. DR PDB; 1QFW; X-ray; 3.50 A; A=25-116. DR PDB; 1XWD; X-ray; 2.92 A; A/D=25-116. DR PDB; 4AY9; X-ray; 2.50 A; A/D/G=25-116. DR PDB; 4MQW; X-ray; 2.90 A; A/D/G=25-116. DR PDB; 7FIG; EM; 3.90 A; X=1-116. DR PDB; 7FIH; EM; 3.20 A; X=2-116. DR PDB; 7FII; EM; 4.30 A; X=1-116. DR PDB; 7T9I; EM; 2.90 A; A=25-116. DR PDB; 7UTZ; EM; 2.40 A; A=25-116. DR PDB; 7XW5; EM; 2.96 A; X=25-116. DR PDB; 8I2G; EM; 2.80 A; X=25-116. DR PDBsum; 1DZ7; -. DR PDBsum; 1E9J; -. DR PDBsum; 1FL7; -. DR PDBsum; 1HCN; -. DR PDBsum; 1HD4; -. DR PDBsum; 1HRP; -. DR PDBsum; 1QFW; -. DR PDBsum; 1XWD; -. DR PDBsum; 4AY9; -. DR PDBsum; 4MQW; -. DR PDBsum; 7FIG; -. DR PDBsum; 7FIH; -. DR PDBsum; 7FII; -. DR PDBsum; 7T9I; -. DR PDBsum; 7UTZ; -. DR PDBsum; 7XW5; -. DR PDBsum; 8I2G; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; P01215; -. DR EMDB; EMD-25758; -. DR EMDB; EMD-26795; -. DR EMDB; EMD-31596; -. DR EMDB; EMD-31597; -. DR EMDB; EMD-31598; -. DR EMDB; EMD-33491; -. DR EMDB; EMD-35135; -. DR SMR; P01215; -. DR BioGRID; 107507; 28. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-6096; Thyroid-stimulating hormone complex. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-6097; Luteinizing hormone complex. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-665; Follicle-stimulating hormone complex. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-748; Chorionic gonadotropin hormone complex. DR DIP; DIP-6182N; -. DR IntAct; P01215; 4. DR MINT; P01215; -. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000482232; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL2146305; -. DR GlyConnect; 165; 10 N-Linked glycans. DR GlyConnect; 194; 33 N-Linked glycans (2 sites). DR GlyConnect; 88; 12 N-Linked glycans, 9 O-Linked glycans. DR GlyCosmos; P01215; 2 sites, 110 glycans. DR GlyGen; P01215; 5 sites, 97 N-linked glycans (3 sites), 15 O-linked glycans (3 sites). DR iPTMnet; P01215; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P01215; -. DR BioMuta; CGA; -. DR DMDM; 121312; -. DR jPOST; P01215; -. DR MassIVE; P01215; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P01215; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 51346; -. DR ABCD; P01215; 4 sequenced antibodies. DR Antibodypedia; 18627; 1604 antibodies from 39 providers. DR DNASU; 1081; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000627148.3; ENSP00000486024.1; ENSG00000135346.9. DR GeneID; 1081; -. DR KEGG; hsa:1081; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000627148.3; ENSP00000486024.1; NM_000735.4; NP_000726.1. DR UCSC; uc063pyi.1; human. DR AGR; HGNC:1885; -. DR CTD; 1081; -. DR DisGeNET; 1081; -. DR GeneCards; CGA; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:1885; CGA. DR HPA; ENSG00000135346; Tissue enriched (pituitary). DR MIM; 118850; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_P01215; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000135346; -. DR PharmGKB; PA26433; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000135346; -. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00390000012242; -. DR InParanoid; P01215; -. DR OMA; MMQGCPE; -. DR OrthoDB; 4182331at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; P01215; -. DR TreeFam; TF332733; -. DR PathwayCommons; P01215; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-193048; Androgen biosynthesis. DR Reactome; R-HSA-193993; Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis. DR Reactome; R-HSA-209822; Glycoprotein hormones. DR Reactome; R-HSA-209968; Thyroxine biosynthesis. DR Reactome; R-HSA-375281; Hormone ligand-binding receptors. DR Reactome; R-HSA-418555; G alpha (s) signalling events. DR Reactome; R-HSA-8866910; TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors. DR Reactome; R-HSA-975578; Reactions specific to the complex N-glycan synthesis pathway. DR SABIO-RK; P01215; -. DR SignaLink; P01215; -. DR SIGNOR; P01215; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 1081; 13 hits in 1147 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; CGA; human. DR EvolutionaryTrace; P01215; -. DR GeneWiki; Chorionic_gonadotropin_alpha; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 1081; -. DR Pharos; P01215; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:P01215; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 6. DR RNAct; P01215; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000135346; Expressed in adenohypophysis and 96 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; P01215; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0005615; C:extracellular space; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0016914; C:follicle-stimulating hormone complex; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005796; C:Golgi lumen; TAS:Reactome. DR GO; GO:0061696; C:pituitary gonadotropin complex; IPI:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0016913; F:follicle-stimulating hormone activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005179; F:hormone activity; IMP:AgBase. DR GO; GO:0046884; P:follicle-stimulating hormone secretion; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0042699; P:follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway; NAS:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0007186; P:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0009755; P:hormone-mediated signaling pathway; NAS:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0032275; P:luteinizing hormone secretion; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0046621; P:negative regulation of organ growth; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0035265; P:organ growth; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0030335; P:positive regulation of cell migration; NAS:BHF-UCL. DR GO; GO:0008284; P:positive regulation of cell population proliferation; NAS:BHF-UCL. DR GO; GO:0010893; P:positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; NAS:BHF-UCL. DR GO; GO:0010469; P:regulation of signaling receptor activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0030878; P:thyroid gland development; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0006590; P:thyroid hormone generation; IBA:GO_Central. DR DisProt; DP02922; -. DR Gene3D; 2.10.90.10; Cystine-knot cytokines; 1. DR InterPro; IPR029034; Cystine-knot_cytokine. DR InterPro; IPR000476; Glyco_hormone. DR PANTHER; PTHR11509; GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE ALPHA CHAIN; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11509:SF0; GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES ALPHA CHAIN; 1. DR Pfam; PF00236; Hormone_6; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00274; GLYCOHORMONE. DR SMART; SM00067; GHA; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF57501; Cystine-knot cytokines; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00779; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_1; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00780; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_2; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50277; GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_3; 1. DR Genevisible; P01215; HS. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Direct protein sequencing; Disulfide bond; Glycoprotein; KW Hormone; Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal. FT SIGNAL 1..24 FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:1150658, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:1158880, ECO:0000269|PubMed:4745444, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:481597" FT CHAIN 25..116 FT /note="Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain" FT /id="PRO_0000011640" FT CARBOHYD 76 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15662415, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546, ECO:0007744|PDB:4MQW" FT /id="CAR_000036" FT CARBOHYD 102 FT /note="N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15662415, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546, ECO:0007744|PDB:4MQW" FT /id="CAR_000037" FT DISULFID 31..55 FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15662415, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8202136, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:4MQW" FT DISULFID 34..84 FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15662415, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8202136, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:4MQW" FT DISULFID 52..106 FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15662415, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8202136, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:4MQW" FT DISULFID 56..108 FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15662415, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8202136, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:4MQW" FT DISULFID 83..111 FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15662415, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8202136, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:4MQW" FT MUTAGEN 76 FT /note="N->D: Increases from 1 to 3 the number of FSH FT binding a single FSHR receptor." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:24692546" FT CONFLICT 29 FT /note="Q -> E (in Ref. 9; AA sequence)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 108..109 FT /note="CS -> SC (in Ref. 6; AA sequence and 7; AA FT sequence)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT STRAND 33..38 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7UTZ" FT STRAND 40..42 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7UTZ" FT STRAND 50..62 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7UTZ" FT HELIX 65..68 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7UTZ" FT STRAND 76..81 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7UTZ" FT STRAND 83..93 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7UTZ" FT HELIX 95..97 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7UTZ" FT STRAND 99..109 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7UTZ" FT STRAND 112..115 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7T9I" SQ SEQUENCE 116 AA; 13075 MW; F0623CD8CC90CFCD CRC64; MDYYRKYAAI FLVTLSVFLH VLHSAPDVQD CPECTLQENP FFSQPGAPIL QCMGCCFSRA YPTPLRSKKT MLVQKNVTSE STCCVAKSYN RVTVMGGFKV ENHTACHCST CYYHKS //