P01189 (COLI_HUMAN) Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Last modified
May 29, 2013.
Version 145.
History...
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize order
Names·Attributes·General annotation·Ontologies·Sequence annotation·Sequences·References·Web links·Cross-refs·Entry info·DocumentsCustomize orderNames and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Pro-opiomelanocortin Short name=POMC Alternative name(s): Corticotropin-lipotropin Cleaved into the following 11 chains:
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| Gene names |
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| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Reference proteome] | ||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo![]() |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 267 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) increases the pigmentation of skin by increasing melanin production in melanocytes. Beta-endorphin and Met-enkephalin are endogenous opiates. |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | ACTH and MSH are produced by the pituitary gland. |
| Post-translational modification | Specific enzymatic cleavages at paired basic residues yield the different active peptides. O-glycosylated; reducing sugar is probably N-acetylgalactosamine. |
| Involvement in disease | Obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:601665]: A condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat. Pro-opiomelanocortinin deficiency (POMCD) [MIM:609734]: Affected individuals present early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair. |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the POMC family. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 26 | 26 | Ref.9 Ref.10 Ref.14 | ||||||||
| Peptide | 27 – 102 | 76 | NPP Ref.9 Ref.10 | PRO_0000024966 | |||||||
| Peptide | 77 – 87 | 11 | Melanotropin gamma Ref.22 | PRO_0000024967 | |||||||
| Peptide | 105 – 134 | 30 | Potential peptide | PRO_0000024968 | |||||||
| Peptide | 138 – 176 | 39 | Corticotropin Ref.12 Ref.13 | PRO_0000024969 | |||||||
| Peptide | 138 – 150 | 13 | Melanotropin alpha | PRO_0000024970 | |||||||
| Peptide | 156 – 176 | 21 | Corticotropin-like intermediary peptide | PRO_0000024971 | |||||||
| Peptide | 179 – 267 | 89 | Lipotropin beta Ref.18 | PRO_0000024972 | |||||||
| Peptide | 179 – 234 | 56 | Lipotropin gamma | PRO_0000024973 | |||||||
| Peptide | 217 – 234 | 18 | Melanotropin beta Ref.19 | PRO_0000024974 | |||||||
| Peptide | 237 – 267 | 31 | Beta-endorphin Ref.20 | PRO_0000024975 | |||||||
| Peptide | 237 – 241 | 5 | Met-enkephalin | PRO_0000024976 | |||||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||||
| Modified residue | 87 | 1 | Phenylalanine amide Ref.22 | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 134 | 1 | Glutamic acid 1-amide | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 138 | 1 | N-acetylserine By similarity | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 150 | 1 | Valine amide | ||||||||
| Modified residue | 168 | 1 | Phosphoserine Ref.26 | ||||||||
| Glycosylation | 71 | 1 | O-linked (HexNAc...) Ref.10 | ||||||||
| Glycosylation | 91 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) | ||||||||
| Disulfide bond | 28 ↔ 50 | By similarity | |||||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||||
| Natural variant | 7 | 1 | S → T. Ref.29 | VAR_010699 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 9 | 1 | S → L. Ref.29 | VAR_010700 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 62 | 1 | P → L. Corresponds to variant rs28932471 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_029762 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 97 – 99 | 3 | Missing. | VAR_010714 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 106 | 1 | D → N. Ref.27 | VAR_010715 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 132 | 1 | P → A. Corresponds to variant rs8192606 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_029314 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 214 | 1 | E → G. Ref.27 | VAR_010716 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 236 | 1 | R → G May confer susceptibility to obesity; reduces the ability to activate melanocortin receptor 4. Ref.29 Ref.30 Corresponds to variant rs28932472 [ dbSNP | Ensembl ]. | VAR_010701 | |||||||
| Natural variant | 236 | 1 | R → Q. Ref.28 | VAR_012201 | |||||||
Experimental info | |||||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 48 | 1 | R → G Ref.8 | ||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 115 | 1 | P → T Ref.2 | ||||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Isolation and structural organization of the human corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene." Takahashi H., Teranishi Y., Nakanishi S., Numa S. FEBS Lett. 135:97-102(1981) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [2] | "The human pro-opiomelanocortin gene: organization, sequence, and interspersion with repetitive DNA." Whitfeld P.L., Seeburg P.H., Shine J. DNA 1:133-143(1982) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "Complete nucleotide sequence of the human corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene." Takahashi H., Hakamata Y., Watanabe Y., Kikuno R., Miyata T., Numa S. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:6847-6858(1983) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4." Hillier L.W., Graves T.A., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.A., Pepin K.H., Minx P., Wagner-McPherson C., Layman D., Wylie K., Sekhon M., Becker M.C., Fewell G.A., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Nash W.E., Kremitzki C., Oddy L., Du H. Wilson R.K.Nature 434:724-731(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [5] | Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., Turner R. Venter J.C.Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [6] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. Tissue: Pituitary. |
| [7] | "Synthesis, cloning and primary structure of DNA complementary to mRNA for human pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin." Golovin S.Y., Karginov V.A., Bondar A.A., Beklemishev A.B., Chekhranova M.K., Mertvetsov N.P., Pankov Y.A. Bioorg. Khim. 13:562-564(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 6-267. |
| [8] | "Structural organization of human genomic DNA encoding the pro-opiomelanocortin peptide." Chang A.C.Y., Cochet M., Cohen S.N. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:4890-4894(1980) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 46-267. |
| [9] | "Complete amino acid sequence of a human pituitary glycopeptide: an important maturation product of pro-opiomelanocortin." Seidah N.G., Chretien M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:4236-4240(1981) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 27-102. |
| [10] | "Primary structure of the major human pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin NH2-terminal glycopeptide. Evidence for an aldosterone-stimulating activity." Seidah N.G., Rochemont J., Hamelin J., Lis M., Chretien M. J. Biol. Chem. 256:7977-7984(1981) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 27-102. |
| [11] | "The missing fragment of the pro-sequence of human pro-opiomelanocortin: sequence and evidence for C-terminal amidation." Seidah N.G., Rochemont J., Hamelin J., Benjannet S., Chretien M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 102:710-716(1981) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 105-134. |
| [12] | "Confirmation of the 1-20 amino acid sequence of human adrenocorticotrophin." Bennett H.P.J., Lowry P.J., McMartin C. Biochem. J. 133:11-13(1973) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 138-176. |
| [13] | "On the structure of human corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone)." Lee T.H., Lerner A.B., Buettner-Janusch V. J. Biol. Chem. 236:2970-2974(1961) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 138-176. |
| [14] | "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites." Zhang Z., Henzel W.J. Protein Sci. 13:2819-2824(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 27-41. |
| [15] | "Revised amino-acid sequences for porcine and human adrenocorticotrophic hormone." Riniker B., Sieber P., Rittel W., Zuber H. Nature New Biol. 235:114-115(1972) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SEQUENCE REVISION (CORTICOTROPIN). |
| [16] | "Synthesis of the human adrenal cortex hormone (alpha-h-ACTH) with a revised amino-acid sequence." Sieber P., Rittel W., Riniker B. Helv. Chim. Acta 55:1243-1266(1972) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SYNTHESIS OF CORTICOTROPIN. |
| [17] | "Adrenocorticotropins. 44. Total synthesis of the human hormone by the solid-phase method." Yamashiro D., Li C.H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95:1310-1315(1973) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: SYNTHESIS OF CORTICOTROPIN. |
| [18] | "Primary structure of human beta-lipotropin." Li C.H., Chung D. Nature 260:622-624(1976) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 179-267. |
| [19] | "Structure of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the human pituitary gland." Harris J.I. Nature 184:167-169(1959) Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 217-234. |
| [20] | "Primary structure and morphine-like activity of human beta-endorphin." Dragon N., Seidah N.G., Lis M., Routhier R., Chretien M. Can. J. Biochem. 55:666-670(1977) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 237-267. |
| [21] | "Gamma-endorphin and schizophrenia: amino acid composition of gamma-endorphin and nucleotide sequence of gamma-endorphin cDNA from pituitary glands of schizophrenic patients." Bovenberg R.A.L., Burbach J.P.H., Wiegant V.M., Veeneman G.H., van Boom J.H., Baas P.D., Jansz H.S., de Wied D. Brain Res. 376:29-37(1986) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 235-256. |
| [22] | "Alpha-amidated peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in normal human pituitary." Fenger M., Johnsen A.H. Biochem. J. 250:781-788(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSING. |
| [23] | "Reduced expression of a naturally deleted form of human proopiomelanocortin complementary deoxyribonucleic acid after transfection into Chinese hamster ovary cells." Morris J.C., Savva D., Lowry P.J. Endocrinology 136:195-201(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 75-104, VARIANT 97-SER--GLY-99 DEL. Tissue: Pituitary. |
| [24] | "Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans." Krude H., Biebermann H., Luck W., Horn R., Brabant G., Grueters A. Nat. Genet. 19:155-157(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN POMCD. |
| [25] | "Association between common polymorphisms of the proopiomelanocortin gene and body fat distribution: a family study." Baker M., Gaukrodger N., Mayosi B.M., Imrie H., Farrall M., Watkins H., Connell J.M.C., Avery P.J., Keavney B. Diabetes 54:2492-2496(2005) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: INVOLVEMENT IN ABDOMINAL BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION. |
| [26] | "Phosphoproteomic analysis of the human pituitary." Beranova-Giorgianni S., Zhao Y., Desiderio D.M., Giorgianni F. Pituitary 9:109-120(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-168, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Pituitary. |
| [27] | "Systematic mutation screening of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene: identification of several genetic variants including three different insertions, one nonsense and two missense point mutations in probands of different weight extremes." Hinney A., Becker I., Heibult O., Nottebom K., Schmidt A., Ziegler A., Mayer H., Siegfried W., Blum W.F., Remschmidt H., Hebebrand J. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83:3737-3741(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS ASN-106; GLY-214 AND 97-SER--GLY-99 DEL. |
| [28] | "Mutational analysis of the proopiomelanocortin gene in Caucasians with early onset obesity." Echwald S.M., Sorensen T.I., Andersen T., Tybjaerg-Hansen A., Clausen J.O., Pedersen O. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 23:293-298(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT GLN-236. |
| [29] | "Molecular screening of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in Italian obese children: report of three new mutations." del Giudice E.M., Cirillo G., Santoro N., D'Urso L., Carbone M.T., Toro R.D., Perrone L. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 25:61-67(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS THR-7; LEU-9; GLY-236 AND 97-SER--GLY-99 DEL. |
| [30] | "A missense mutation disrupting a dibasic prohormone processing site in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) increases susceptibility to early-onset obesity through a novel molecular mechanism." Challis B.G., Pritchard L.E., Creemers J.W.M., Delplanque J., Keogh J.M., Luan J., Wareham N.J., Yeo G.S.H., Bhattacharyya S., Froguel P., White A., Farooqi I.S., O'Rahilly S. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11:1997-2004(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT GLY-236, CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT GLY-236, POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT IN OBESITY. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
| Wikipedia Melanocyte-stimulating hormone entry |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |
|---|---|
| EMBL GenBank DDBJ | M38297 mRNA. Translation: AAA60140.1. J00292, J00291 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAB59621.1. V01510 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA24754.1. AC012457 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAY24354.1. CH471053 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAX00729.1. CH471053 Genomic DNA. Translation: EAX00730.1. BC065832 mRNA. Translation: AAH65832.1. M25896 mRNA. Translation: AAA35799.1. |
| IPI | IPI00000160. |
| PIR | CTHUP. A17229. |
| RefSeq | NP_000930.1. NM_000939.2. NP_001030333.1. NM_001035256.1. |
| UniGene | Hs.1897. |
3D structure databases | |
| ProteinModelPortal | P01189. |
| ModBase | Search... |
Protein-protein interaction databases | |
| STRING | 9606.ENSP00000264708. |
PTM databases | |
| PhosphoSite | P01189. |
Polymorphism databases | |
| DMDM | 116880. |
Proteomic databases | |
| PaxDb | P01189. |
| PRIDE | P01189. |
Protocols and materials databases | |
| DNASU | 5443. |
| StructuralBiologyKnowledgebase | Search... |
Genome annotation databases | |
| Ensembl | ENST00000264708; ENSP00000264708; ENSG00000115138. ENST00000380794; ENSP00000370171; ENSG00000115138. ENST00000395826; ENSP00000379170; ENSG00000115138. ENST00000405623; ENSP00000384092; ENSG00000115138. |
| GeneID | 5443. |
| KEGG | hsa:5443. |
| UCSC | uc002rfy.1. human. |
Organism-specific databases | |
| CTD | 5443. |
| GeneCards | GC02M025383. |
| HGNC | HGNC:9201. POMC. |
| HPA | CAB002765. |
| MIM | 176830. gene. 601665. phenotype. 609734. phenotype. |
| neXtProt | NX_P01189. |
| Orphanet | 71526. Obesity due to pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency. |
| PharmGKB | PA33526. |
| GenAtlas | Search... |
Phylogenomic databases | |
| eggNOG | NOG45039. |
| HOVERGEN | HBG004341. |
| InParanoid | P01189. |
| KO | K05228. |
| OMA | CKPDLSA. |
| OrthoDB | EOG466VN8. |
| PhylomeDB | P01189. |
Enzyme and pathway databases | |
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | syndecan_3_pathway. Syndecan-3-mediated signaling events. |
| Reactome | REACT_111102. Signal Transduction. REACT_111217. Metabolism. |
Gene expression databases | |
| ArrayExpress | P01189. |
| Bgee | P01189. |
| CleanEx | HS_POMC. |
| Genevestigator | P01189. |
| GermOnline | ENSG00000115138. Homo sapiens. |
Family and domain databases | |
| InterPro | IPR001941. Mcortin_ACTH. IPR013531. Mcrtin_ACTH_cent. IPR013593. Melanocortin_N. IPR013532. Opioid_neuropept. [Graphical view] |
| Pfam | PF00976. ACTH_domain. 1 hit. PF08384. NPP. 1 hit. PF08035. Op_neuropeptide. 1 hit. [Graphical view] |
| PRINTS | PR00383. MELANOCORTIN. |
| ProtoNet | Search... |
Other | |
| ChiTaRS | POMC. human. |
| DrugBank | DB00741. Hydrocortisone. DB00836. Loperamide. DB01108. Trilostane. |
| GenomeRNAi | 5443. |
| NextBio | 21063. |
| PMAP-CutDB | P01189. |
| SOURCE | Search... |
Entry information
| Entry name | COLI_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P01189 Secondary accession number(s): P78442 Q9UD40 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
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| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation program | Chordata Protein Annotation Program | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 2 Human chromosome 2: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with
