Reviewed,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P01019 (ANGT_HUMAN)
Last modified
November 3, 2009.
Version 127.
History...
Clusters with 100%,
90%,
50% identity |
Documents (6) |
Third-party data |
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Names and origin
| Protein names | Recommended name: Angiotensinogen Alternative name(s): Serpin A8 Cleaved into the following 3 chains: 1- Recommended name: Angiotensin-1 Alternative name(s): Angiotensin I Short name=Ang I 2- Recommended name: Angiotensin-2 Alternative name(s): Angiotensin II Short name=Ang II 3- Recommended name: Angiotensin-3 Alternative name(s): Angiotensin III Short name=Ang III Des-Asp[1]-angiotensin II | ||||
| Gene names |
| ||||
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) [Complete proteome] | ||||
| Taxonomic identifier | 9606 [NCBI] | ||||
| Taxonomic lineage | Eukaryota › Metazoa › Chordata › Craniata › Vertebrata › Euteleostomi › Mammalia › Eutheria › Euarchontoglires › Primates › Haplorrhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Homo |
Protein attributes
| Sequence length | 485 AA. |
| Sequence status | Complete. |
| Sequence processing | The displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form. |
| Protein existence | Evidence at protein level. |
General annotation (Comments)
| Function | Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. In response to lowered blood pressure, the enzyme renin cleaves angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin-1 (angiotensin 1-10). Angiotensin-1 is a substrate of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) that removes a dipeptide to yield the physiologically active peptide angiotensin-2 (angiotensin 1-8). Angiotensin-1 and angiotensin-2 can be further processed to generate angiotensin-3 (angiotensin 2-8), angiotensin-4 (angiotensin 3-8). Angiotensin 1-7 is cleaved from angiotensin-2 by ACE2 or from angiotensin-1 by MME (neprilysin). Angiotensin 1-9 is cleaved from angiotensin-1 by ACE2. Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.16 Angiotensin-2 acts directly on vascular smooth muscle as a potent vasoconstrictor, affects cardiac contractility and heart rate through its action on the sympathetic nervous system, and alters renal sodium and water absorption through its ability to stimulate the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete aldosterone. Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.16 Angiotensin-3 stimulates aldosterone release. Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.16 Angiotensin 1-7 is a ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor MAS1 By similarity. Has vasodilator and antidiuretic effects By similarity. Has an antithrombotic effect that involves MAS1-mediated release of nitric oxide from platelets By similarity. |
| Subunit structure | During pregnancy, exists as a disulfide-linked 2:2 heterotetramer with the proform of PRG2 and as a complex (probably a 2:2:2 heterohexamer) with pro-PRG2 and C3dg. Ref.8 |
| Subcellular location | |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma. |
| Post-translational modification | Beta-decarboxylation of Asp-34 in angiotensin-2, by mononuclear leukocytes produces alanine. The resulting peptide form, angiotensin-A, has the same affinity for the AT1 receptor as angiotensin-2, but a higher affinity for the AT2 receptor. |
| Involvement in disease | Defects in AGT are associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension [MIM:145500]. Hypertension also occurs in 5-7% of all pregnancies where it is a leading cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Among pregnancy-induced hypertension cases, severe pre-eclampsia [MIM:189800] is characterized by the development of hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of pregnancy and is the most distinctive, life-threatening form. Defects in AGT are a cause of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) [MIM:267430]. RTD is an autosomal recessive severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios (the Potter phenotype). Ref.26 |
| Sequence similarities | Belongs to the serpin family. |
| Caution | It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-10 is the initiator. |
Ontologies
Sequence annotation (Features)
| Feature key | Position(s) | Length | Description | Graphical view | Feature identifier | ||||
Molecule processing | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal peptide | 1 – 33 | 33 | Ref.8 Ref.7 Ref.9 | ||||||
| Chain | 34 – 485 | 452 | Angiotensinogen | PRO_0000032456 | |||||
| Peptide | 34 – 43 | 10 | Angiotensin-1 Ref.9 | PRO_0000032457 | |||||
| Peptide | 34 – 41 | 8 | Angiotensin-2 | PRO_0000032458 | |||||
| Peptide | 35 – 41 | 7 | Angiotensin-3 | PRO_0000032459 | |||||
Amino acid modifications | |||||||||
| Modified residue | 34 | 1 | Beta-decarboxylated aspartate; in form angiotensin-A | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 47 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.10 Ref.15 Ref.18 | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 170 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.10 | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 304 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.10 | ||||||
| Glycosylation | 328 | 1 | N-linked (GlcNAc...) Ref.10 | ||||||
Natural variations | |||||||||
| Natural variant | 43 | 1 | L → F in pre-eclampsia; alters the reactions with renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme. dbSNP rs41271499. Ref.24 | VAR_022933 | |||||
| Natural variant | 98 | 1 | E → K: dbSNP rs11568032. | VAR_029166 | |||||
| Natural variant | 114 | 1 | G → C: dbSNP rs2229389. | VAR_051939 | |||||
| Natural variant | 137 | 1 | T → M: dbSNP rs34829218. | VAR_035431 | |||||
| Natural variant | 207 | 1 | T → M Associated with hypertension. dbSNP rs4762. Ref.21 | VAR_007093 | |||||
| Natural variant | 242 | 1 | T → I in hypertension. Ref.23 | VAR_007094 | |||||
| Natural variant | 244 | 1 | L → R in hypertension. dbSNP rs5041. Ref.23 | VAR_007095 | |||||
| Natural variant | 268 | 1 | M → I: dbSNP rs11568053. | VAR_029167 | |||||
| Natural variant | 268 | 1 | M → T Associated with essential hypertension and pre-eclampsia. dbSNP rs699. Ref.21 Ref.22 | VAR_007096 | |||||
| Natural variant | 281 | 1 | Y → C in hypertension; alters the structure, glycosylation and secretion of angiotensinogen. Ref.21 Ref.23 Ref.25 | VAR_007097 | |||||
| Natural variant | 335 | 1 | P → S: dbSNP rs17856352. Ref.4 | VAR_035432 | |||||
| Natural variant | 375 | 1 | R → Q in RTD. Ref.26 | VAR_035433 | |||||
| Natural variant | 392 | 1 | L → M: dbSNP rs1805090. | VAR_014573 | |||||
Experimental info | |||||||||
| Sequence conflict | 51 | 1 | C → S AA sequence Ref.7 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 58 | 1 | N → D AA sequence Ref.7 | ||||||
| Sequence conflict | 333 | 1 | Q → E in AAA51679. Ref.2 | ||||||
Sequences
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References
| « Hide 'large scale' references | |
| [1] | "Primary structure of human preangiotensinogen deduced from the cloned cDNA sequence." Kageyama R., Ohkubo H., Nakanishi S. Biochemistry 23:3603-3609(1984) [PubMed: 6089875] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. |
| [2] | "Structure of human angiotensinogen gene." Gaillard I., Clauser E., Corvol P. DNA 8:87-99(1989) [PubMed: 2924688] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [3] | "Structure and expression of the human angiotensinogen gene. Identification of a unique and highly active promoter." Fukamizu A., Takahashi S., Seo M.S., Tada M., Tanimoto K., Uehara S., Murakami K. J. Biol. Chem. 265:7576-7582(1990) [PubMed: 1692023] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. |
| [4] | "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)." The MGC Project Team Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], VARIANT SER-335. Tissue: Brain. |
| [5] | "Molecular cloning of human angiotensinogen cDNA and evidence for the presence of its mRNA in rat heart." Kunapuli S.P., Kumar A. Circ. Res. 60:786-790(1987) [PubMed: 2885106] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 1-338. |
| [6] | "Tissue specific hormonal regulation of the rat angiotensinogen gene expression." Kunapuli S.P., Benedict C.R., Kumar A. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 254:642-646(1987) [PubMed: 3579322] [Abstract] Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 32-184. |
| [7] | "The amino terminal amino acid sequence of human angiotensinogen." Tewksbury D.A., Dart R.A., Travis J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 99:1311-1315(1981) [PubMed: 7259779] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 34-58. |
| [8] | "Identification of angiotensinogen and complement C3dg as novel proteins binding the proform of eosinophil major basic protein in human pregnancy serum and plasma." Oxvig C., Haaning J., Kristensen L., Wagner J.M., Rubin I., Stigbrand T., Gleich G.J., Sottrup-Jensen L. J. Biol. Chem. 270:13645-13651(1995) [PubMed: 7539791] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 34-45, SUBUNIT. Tissue: Serum. |
| [9] | "Enzymatic degradation and electrophoresis of human angiotensin I." Arakawa K., Minohara A., Yamada J., Nakamura M. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 168:106-112(1968) [PubMed: 4300938] [Abstract] Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 34-43. |
| [10] | "Processing of rat and human angiotensinogen precursors by microsomal membranes." Campbell D.J., Bouhnik J., Coezy E., Menard J., Corvol P. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 43:31-40(1985) [PubMed: 3934016] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-47; ASN-170; ASN-304 AND ASN-328. |
| [11] | "Angiotensin III: (DES-Aspartic Acid-1)-Angiotensin II. Evidence and speculation for its role as an important agonist in the renin - angiotensin system." Goodfriend T.L., Peach M.J. Circ. Res. 36:38-48(1975) [PubMed: 1132082] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF ANGIOTENSIN-3. |
| [12] | "The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a specific target for hypertension management." Weir M.R., Dzau V.J. Am. J. Hypertens. 12:205S-213S(1999) [PubMed: 10619573] [Abstract] Cited for: FUNCTION OF ANGIOTENSIN-2. |
| [13] | "Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase." Vickers C., Hales P., Kaushik V., Dick L., Gavin J., Tang J., Godbout K., Parsons T., Baronas E., Hsieh F., Acton S., Patane M.A., Nichols A., Tummino P. J. Biol. Chem. 277:14838-14843(2002) [PubMed: 11815627] [Abstract] Cited for: CLEAVAGE OF ANGIOTENSIN-1 AND ANGIOTENSIN-2 BY ACE2. |
| [14] | "Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism." Rice G.I., Thomas D.A., Grant P.J., Turner A.J., Hooper N.M. Biochem. J. 383:45-51(2004) [PubMed: 15283675] [Abstract] Cited for: ANGIOTENSIN PEPTIDES METABOLISM. |
| [15] | "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry." Liu T., Qian W.-J., Gritsenko M.A., Camp D.G. II, Monroe M.E., Moore R.J., Smith R.D. J. Proteome Res. 4:2070-2080(2005) [PubMed: 16335952] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-47, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Plasma. |
| [16] | "Mass-spectrometric identification of a novel angiotensin peptide in human plasma." Jankowski V., Vanholder R., van der Giet M., Tolle M., Karadogan S., Gobom J., Furkert J., Oksche A., Krause E., Tran T.N., Tepel M., Schuchardt M., Schluter H., Wiedon A., Beyermann M., Bader M., Todiras M., Zidek W., Jankowski J. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 27:297-302(2007) [PubMed: 17138938] [Abstract] Cited for: DECARBOXYLATION AT ASP-34, FUNCTION, MASS SPECTROMETRY. |
| [17] | "Renin-angiotensin system revisited." Fyhrquist F., Saijonmaa O. J. Intern. Med. 264:224-236(2008) [PubMed: 18793332] [Abstract] Cited for: REVIEW ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. |
| [18] | "Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry." Chen R., Jiang X., Sun D., Han G., Wang F., Ye M., Wang L., Zou H. J. Proteome Res. 8:651-661(2009) [PubMed: 19159218] [Abstract] Cited for: GLYCOSYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT ASN-47, MASS SPECTROMETRY. Tissue: Liver. |
| [19] | "The octapeptide angiotensin II adopts a well-defined structure in a phospholipid environment." Carpenter K.A., Wilkes B.C., Schiller P.W. Eur. J. Biochem. 251:448-453(1998) [PubMed: 9492317] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF ANGIOTENSIN-2. |
| [20] | "Comparison of the solution structures of angiotensin I & II. Implication for structure-function relationship." Spyroulias G.A., Nikolakopoulou P., Tzakos A., Gerothanassis I.P., Magafa V., Manessi-Zoupa E., Cordopatis P. Eur. J. Biochem. 270:2163-2173(2003) [PubMed: 12752436] [Abstract] Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 34-43, STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 34-41. |
| [21] | "Molecular basis of human hypertension: role of angiotensinogen." Jeunemaitre X., Soubrier F., Kotelevtsev Y.V., Lifton R.P., Williams C.S., Charru A., Hunt S.C., Hopkins P.N., Williams R.R., Lalouel J.-M., Corvol P. Cell 71:169-180(1992) [PubMed: 1394429] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS MET-207; THR-268 AND CYS-281. |
| [22] | "A molecular variant of angiotensinogen associated with preeclampsia." Ward K., Hata A., Jeunemaitre X., Helin C., Nelson L., Namikawa C., Farrington P.F., Ogasawara M., Suzumori K., Tomoda S., Berrebi S., Sasaki M., Corvol P., Lifton R.P., Lalouel J.-M. Nat. Genet. 4:59-61(1993) [PubMed: 8513325] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT THR-268. |
| [23] | "Detection and characterization of new mutations in the human angiotensinogen gene (AGT)." Hixson J.E., Powers P.K. Hum. Genet. 96:110-112(1995) [PubMed: 7607642] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANTS ILE-242; ARG-244 AND CYS-281. |
| [24] | "A mutation of angiotensinogen in a patient with preeclampsia leads to altered kinetics of the renin-angiotensin system." Inoue I., Rohrwasser A., Helin C., Jeunemaitre X., Crain P., Bohlender J., Lifton R.P., Corvol P., Ward K., Lalouel J.-M. J. Biol. Chem. 270:11430-11436(1995) [PubMed: 7744780] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT PRE-ECLAMPSIA PHE-43. |
| [25] | "The natural mutation Y248C of human angiotensinogen leads to abnormal glycosylation and altered immunological recognition of the protein." Gimenez-Roqueplo A.P., Leconte I., Cohen P., Simon D., Guyene T.T., Celerier J., Pau B., Corvol P., Clauser E., Jeunemaitre X. J. Biol. Chem. 271:9838-9844(1996) [PubMed: 8621667] [Abstract] Cited for: CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIANT CYS-281. |
| [26] | "Mutations in genes in the renin-angiotensin system are associated with autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis." Gribouval O., Gonzales M., Neuhaus T., Aziza J., Bieth E., Laurent N., Bouton J.M., Feuillet F., Makni S., Ben Amar H., Laube G., Delezoide A.-L., Bouvier R., Dijoud F., Ollagnon-Roman E., Roume J., Joubert M., Antignac C., Gubler M.-C. Nat. Genet. 37:964-968(2005) [PubMed: 16116425] [Abstract] Cited for: VARIANT RTD GLN-375. |
| + | Additional computationally mapped references. |
Web resources
| GeneReviews |
| SHMPD The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database |
| Wikipedia Angiotensin entry |
Cross-references
Sequence databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K02215 mRNA. Translation: AAA51731.1. M24689 M24688 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA51679.1. X15324 X15327 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA33385.1. BC011519 mRNA. Translation: AAH11519.1. M69110 mRNA. Translation: AAA52282.1. S78529 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD14287.1. S78530 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAD14288.1. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IPI | IPI00032220. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PIR | ANHU. A35203. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RefSeq | NP_000020.1. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UniGene | Hs.19383 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
3D structure databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| ModBase | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Protein-protein interaction databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DIP | DIP:309N. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IntAct | P01019. 2 interactions. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| STRING | P01019. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2-D gel databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SWISS-2DPAGE | P01019. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proteomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PeptideAtlas | P01019. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PRIDE | P01019. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genome annotation databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENST00000366667; ENSP00000355627; ENSG00000135744; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] ENST00000430091; ENSP00000409502; ENSG00000135744; Homo sapiens. [Genome view] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GeneID | 183. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KEGG | hsa:183. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| UCSC | uc001hty.2. human. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organism-specific databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CTD | 183. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GeneCards | GC01M228904. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H-InvDB | HIX0001686. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HGNC | HGNC:333. AGT. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HPA | HPA001557. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MIM | 106150. gene. 145500. phenotype. 267430. phenotype. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Orphanet | 3033. Renal tubular dysgenesis. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PharmGKB | PA42. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GenAtlas | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phylogenomic databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOVERGEN | P01019. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OMA | TYVHFQG. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Enzyme and pathway databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pathway_Interaction_DB | prlsignalingeventspathway. Signaling events mediated by PRL. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reactome | REACT_14797. Signaling by GPCR. REACT_602. Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene expression databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ArrayExpress | P01019. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bgee | P01019. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CleanEx | HS_AGT. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genevestigator | P01019. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GermOnline | ENSG00000135744. Homo sapiens. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Family and domain databases | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR000227. Angiotensngn. IPR000215. Protease_inhib_I4_serpin. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PANTHER | PTHR11461. Prot_inh_serpin. 1 hit. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pfam | PF00079. Serpin. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PRINTS | PR00654. ANGIOTENSNGN. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SMART | SM00093. SERPIN. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PROSITE | PS00284. SERPIN. 1 hit. [Graphical view] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ProtoNet | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Resources | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DrugBank | DB01258. Aliskiren. DB01076. Atorvastatin. DB01340. Cilazapril. DB01029. Irbesartan. DB00722. Lisinopril. DB01092. Ouabain. DB00641. Simvastatin. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NextBio | 748. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PMAP-CutDB | P01019. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE | Search... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entry information
| Entry name | ANGT_HUMAN | ||||||||
| Accession | Primary (citable) accession number: P01019 Secondary accession number(s): Q16358, Q16359, Q96F91 | ||||||||
| Entry history |
| ||||||||
| Entry status | Reviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) | ||||||||
| Annotation project | HPI (Human Proteome Initiative) | ||||||||
| Disclaimer | Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. It is not in any way intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or care. | ||||||||
Relevant documents
| Human chromosome 1 Human chromosome 1: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM |
| Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations |
| Human polymorphisms and disease mutations Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations |
| MIM cross-references Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot |
| PDB cross-references Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references |
| SIMILARITY comments Index of protein domains and families |

Clusters with


