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Reviewed, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P00749 (UROK_HUMAN)

Last modified June 16, 2009. Version 139. Feed History...

Clusters with 100%, 90%, 50% identity | Documents (7) | Third-party data | Customize display text xml rdf/xml gff fasta
Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents

Names and origin

Protein namesRecommended name:
    Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
      Short name=U-plasminogen activator
      Short name=uPA
    EC=3.4.21.73
Cleaved into the following 3 chains:
    1- Recommended name:
            Urokinase-type plasminogen activator long chain A
    2- Recommended name:
            Urokinase-type plasminogen activator short chain A
    3- Recommended name:
            Urokinase-type plasminogen activator chain B
Gene names
Name: PLAU
OrganismHomo sapiens (Human)
Taxonomic identifier9606 [NCBI]
Taxonomic lineageEukaryotaMetazoaChordataCraniataVertebrataEuteleostomiMammaliaEutheriaEuarchontogliresPrimatesHaplorrhiniCatarrhiniHominidaeHomo

Protein attributes

Sequence length431 AA.
Sequence statusComplete.
Sequence processingThe displayed sequence is further processed into a mature form.
Protein existenceEvidence at protein level.

General annotation (Comments)

Function

Specifically cleave the zymogen plasminogen to form the active enzyme plasmin.

Catalytic activity

Specific cleavage of Arg-|-Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin.

Subunit structure

Found in high and low molecular mass forms. Each consists of two chains, A and B. The high molecular mass form contains a long chain A which is cleaved to yield a short chain A. Binds LRP1B; binding is followed by internalization and degradation. Interacts with MRC2. Interacts with PLAUR. Ref.13 Ref.14

Subcellular location

Secreted.

Tissue specificity

Expressed in the prostate gland and prostate cancers. Ref.15

Post-translational modification

Phosphorylation of Ser-158 and Ser-323 abolishes proadhesive ability but does not interfere with receptor binding.

Pharmaceutical use

Available under the name Abbokinase (Abbott). Used in Pulmonary Embolism (PE) to initiates fibrinolysis. Clinically used for therapy of thrombolytic disorders.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.

Contains 1 EGF-like domain.

Contains 1 kringle domain.

Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain.

Sequence annotation (Features)

Feature keyPosition(s)LengthDescriptionGraphical viewFeature identifier

Molecule processing

Signal peptide1 – 2020 Ref.7 Ref.9
Chain21 – 431411Urokinase-type plasminogen activator
PRO_0000028318
Chain21 – 177157Urokinase-type plasminogen activator long chain A
PRO_0000028319
Chain156 – 17722Urokinase-type plasminogen activator short chain A
PRO_0000028320
Chain179 – 431253Urokinase-type plasminogen activator chain B
PRO_0000028321

Regions

Domain27 – 6337EGF-like
Domain70 – 15182Kringle
Domain179 – 424246Peptidase S1
Region34 – 5724Binds urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor By similarity
Region152 – 17726Connecting peptide

Sites

Active site2241Charge relay system
Active site2751Charge relay system
Active site3761Charge relay system
Site177 – 1782Cleavage; during zymogen activation

Amino acid modifications

Modified residue1581Phosphoserine Ref.12
Modified residue3231Phosphoserine Ref.12
Glycosylation381O-linked (Fuc) Ref.7
Glycosylation3221N-linked (GlcNAc...)
CAR_000026
Disulfide bond31 ↔ 39
Disulfide bond33 ↔ 51
Disulfide bond53 ↔ 62
Disulfide bond70 ↔ 151
Disulfide bond91 ↔ 133
Disulfide bond122 ↔ 146
Disulfide bond168 ↔ 299Interchain (between A and B chains)
Disulfide bond209 ↔ 225
Disulfide bond217 ↔ 288
Disulfide bond313 ↔ 382
Disulfide bond345 ↔ 361
Disulfide bond372 ↔ 400

Natural variations

Natural variant151V → L Ref.5
VAR_038730
Natural variant1411P → L Rare polymorphism; linked with a decrease in the affinity for fibrin-binding. Ref.5 Ref.22 Ref.23 Ref.25 Ref.26
VAR_006722
Natural variant2141M → I
VAR_013102
Natural variant2311K → Q Ref.5
VAR_038731

Experimental info

Mutagenesis1581S → E: Abolishes phosphorylation, proadhesive function and ability to induce chemotactic response; when associated with E-323. Ref.12
Mutagenesis3231S → E: Abolishes phosphorylation, proadhesive function and ability to induce chemotactic response; when associated with E-158. Ref.12
Sequence conflict1511C → W in CAA26535. Ref.4
Sequence conflict3861G → C in CAA26535. Ref.4
Sequence conflict4301A → V in CAA26535. Ref.4

Secondary structure

...................................................................... 431
Helix Strand Turn

Details...

Sequences

Sequence LengthMass (Da)Tools
P00749-1 [UniParc].

Last modified March 20, 1987. Version 1.
Checksum: BAA9A6ACD2A353F1

FASTA43148,525
        10         20         30         40         50         60 
MRALLARLLL CVLVVSDSKG SNELHQVPSN CDCLNGGTCV SNKYFSNIHW CNCPKKFGGQ 

        70         80         90        100        110        120 
HCEIDKSKTC YEGNGHFYRG KASTDTMGRP CLPWNSATVL QQTYHAHRSD ALQLGLGKHN 

       130        140        150        160        170        180 
YCRNPDNRRR PWCYVQVGLK PLVQECMVHD CADGKKPSSP PEELKFQCGQ KTLRPRFKII 

       190        200        210        220        230        240 
GGEFTTIENQ PWFAAIYRRH RGGSVTYVCG GSLMSPCWVI SATHCFIDYP KKEDYIVYLG 

       250        260        270        280        290        300 
RSRLNSNTQG EMKFEVENLI LHKDYSADTL AHHNDIALLK IRSKEGRCAQ PSRTIQTICL 

       310        320        330        340        350        360 
PSMYNDPQFG TSCEITGFGK ENSTDYLYPE QLKMTVVKLI SHRECQQPHY YGSEVTTKML 

       370        380        390        400        410        420 
CAADPQWKTD SCQGDSGGPL VCSLQGRMTL TGIVSWGRGC ALKDKPGVYT RVSHFLPWIR 

       430 
SHTKEENGLA L 

« Hide

References

« Hide 'large scale' references
[1]"The human urokinase-plasminogen activator gene and its promoter."
Riccio A., Grimaldi G., Verde P., Sebastio G., Boast S., Blasi F.
Nucleic Acids Res. 13:2759-2771(1985) [PubMed: 2987867] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
[2]"Cloning and expression of the gene for pro-urokinase in Escherichia coli."
Holmes W.E., Pennica D., Blaber M., Rey M.W., Guenzler W.A., Steffens G.J., Heyneker H.L.
Biotechnology (N.Y.) 3:923-929(1985)
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[3]"Molecular cloning of cDNA coding for human preprourokinase."
Nagai M., Hiramatsu R., Kaneda T., Hayasuke N., Arimura H., Nishida M., Suyama T.
Gene 36:183-188(1985) [PubMed: 2415429] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[4]"Molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression in Escherichia coli of human preprourokinase cDNA."
Jacobs P., Cravador A., Loriau R., Brockly F., Colau B., Chuchana P., van Elsen A., Herzog A., Bollen A.
DNA 4:139-146(1985) [PubMed: 3888571] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
[5]SeattleSNPs variation discovery resource
Submitted (JUN-2001) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], VARIANTS LEU-15; LEU-141 AND GLN-231.
[6]"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."
The MGC Project Team
Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed: 15489334] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
Tissue: Lung.
[7]"Characterization of a posttranslational fucosylation in the growth factor domain of urinary plasminogen activator."
Buko A.M., Kentzer E.J., Petros A., Menon G., Zuiderweg E.R., Sarin V.K.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:3992-3996(1991) [PubMed: 2023947] [Abstract]
Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 21-43, GLYCOSYLATION AT THR-38, MASS SPECTROMETRY.
[8]"Identification and primary sequence of an unspliced human urokinase poly(A)+ RNA."
Verde P., Stoppelli M.P., Galeffi P., di Nocera P., Blasi F.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:4727-4731(1984) [PubMed: 6589620] [Abstract]
Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA] OF 66-431.
[9]"The primary structure of high molecular mass urokinase from human urine. The complete amino acid sequence of the A chain."
Gunzler W.A., Steffens G.J., Otting F., Kim S.-M.A., Frankus E., Flohe L.
Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 363:1155-1165(1982) [PubMed: 6754569] [Abstract]
Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 21-177.
[10]"Human low-molecular-weight urinary urokinase. Partial characterization and preliminary sequence data of the two polypeptide chains."
Schaller J., Nick H., Rickli E.E., Gillessen D., Lergier W., Studer R.O.
Eur. J. Biochem. 125:251-257(1982) [PubMed: 6749491] [Abstract]
Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 156-176 AND 179-224.
[11]"The complete amino acid sequence of low molecular mass urokinase from human urine."
Steffens G.J., Gunzler W.A., Otting F., Frankus E., Flohe L.
Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 363:1043-1058(1982) [PubMed: 6754572] [Abstract]
Cited for: PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 158-410.
[12]"Phosphorylation of human pro-urokinase on Ser138/303 impairs its receptor-dependent ability to promote myelomonocytic adherence and motility."
Franco P., Iaccarino C., Chiaradonna F., Brandazza A., Iavarone C., Mastronicola M.R., Nolli M.L., Stoppelli M.P.
J. Cell Biol. 137:779-791(1997) [PubMed: 9151681] [Abstract]
Cited for: PHOSPHORYLATION AT SER-158 AND SER-323, MUTAGENESIS OF SER-158 AND SER-323.
[13]"A urokinase receptor-associated protein with specific collagen binding properties."
Behrendt N., Jensen O.N., Engelholm L.H., Moertz E., Mann M., Danoe K.
J. Biol. Chem. 275:1993-2002(2000) [PubMed: 10636902] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH MRC2.
[14]"The putative tumor suppressor LRP1B, a novel member of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, exhibits both overlapping and distinct properties with the LDL receptor-related protein."
Liu C.-X., Li Y., Obermoeller-McCormick L.M., Schwartz A.L., Bu G.
J. Biol. Chem. 276:28889-28896(2001) [PubMed: 11384978] [Abstract]
Cited for: INTERACTION WITH LRP1B.
[15]"Platelet-derived growth factor D is activated by urokinase plasminogen activator in prostate carcinoma cells."
Ustach C.V., Kim H.-R.C.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:6279-6288(2005) [PubMed: 15988036] [Abstract]
Cited for: TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
[16]"Dynamics of the multidomain fibrinolytic protein urokinase from two-dimensional NMR."
Oswald R.E., Bogusky M.J., Bamberger M., Smith R.A.G., Dobson C.M.
Nature 337:579-582(1989) [PubMed: 2536903] [Abstract]
Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR.
[17]"Sequential 1H NMR assignments and secondary structure of the kringle domain from urokinase."
Li X., Smith R.A.G., Dobson C.M.
Biochemistry 31:9562-9571(1992) [PubMed: 1327118] [Abstract]
Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 67-155.
[18]"Solution structure of the kringle domain from urokinase-type plasminogen activator."
Li X., Bokman A.M., Llinas M., Smith R.A.G., Dobson C.M.
J. Mol. Biol. 235:1548-1559(1994) [PubMed: 8107091] [Abstract]
Cited for: STRUCTURE BY NMR OF 67-155.
[19]"The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human urokinase-type plasminogen activator."
Spraggon G., Phillips C., Nowak U.K., Ponting C.P., Saunders D., Dobson C.M., Stuart D.I., Jones E.Y.
Structure 3:681-691(1995) [PubMed: 8591045] [Abstract]
Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.5 ANGSTROMS).
[20]"(4-aminomethyl)phenylguanidine derivatives as nonpeptidic highly selective inhibitors of human urokinase."
Sperl S., Jacob U., Arroyo de Prada N., Sturzebecher J., Wilhelm O.G., Bode W., Magdolen V., Huber R., Moroder L.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:5113-5118(2000) [PubMed: 10805774] [Abstract]
Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.8 ANGSTROMS) OF 159-411.
[21]"Structure of human urokinase plasminogen activator in complex with its receptor."
Huai Q., Mazar A.P., Kuo A., Parry G.C., Shaw D.E., Callahan J., Li Y., Yuan C., Bian C., Chen L., Furie B., Furie B.C., Cines D.B., Huang M.
Science 311:656-659(2006) [PubMed: 16456079] [Abstract]
Cited for: X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (1.9 ANGSTROMS) OF 31-152 IN COMPLEX WITH PLAUR.
[22]"Characterization of single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator with a novel amino-acid substitution in the kringle structure."
Yoshimoto M., Ushiyama Y., Sakai M., Tamaki S., Hara H., Takahashi K., Sawasaki Y., Hanada K.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1293:83-89(1996) [PubMed: 8652631] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT LEU-141.
[23]"Detection of polymorphisms in the human urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene."
Conne B., Berczy M., Belin D.
Thromb. Haemost. 77:434-435(1997) [PubMed: 9065988] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT LEU-141.
[24]Erratum
Conne B., Berczy M., Belin D.
Thromb. Haemost. 78:973-973(1997)
[25]"Mutational analysis of the genes encoding urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 in advanced ovarian cancer."
Turkmen B., Schmitt M., Schmalfeldt B., Trommler P., Hell W., Creutzburg S., Graeff H., Magdolen V.
Electrophoresis 18:686-689(1997) [PubMed: 9194591] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT LEU-141.
[26]"DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome."
Ley T.J., Mardis E.R., Ding L., Fulton B., McLellan M.D., Chen K., Dooling D., Dunford-Shore B.H., McGrath S., Hickenbotham M., Cook L., Abbott R., Larson D.E., Koboldt D.C., Pohl C., Smith S., Hawkins A., Abbott S. expand/collapse author list , Locke D., Hillier L.W., Miner T., Fulton L., Magrini V., Wylie T., Glasscock J., Conyers J., Sander N., Shi X., Osborne J.R., Minx P., Gordon D., Chinwalla A., Zhao Y., Ries R.E., Payton J.E., Westervelt P., Tomasson M.H., Watson M., Baty J., Ivanovich J., Heath S., Shannon W.D., Nagarajan R., Walter M.J., Link D.C., Graubert T.A., DiPersio J.F., Wilson R.K.
Nature 456:66-72(2008) [PubMed: 18987736] [Abstract]
Cited for: VARIANT [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] LEU-141.
+Additional computationally mapped references.

Web resources

Wikipedia

Urokinase entry

SeattleSNPs

Cross-references

Sequence databases

X02419 Genomic DNA. Translation: CAA26268.1.
M15476 mRNA. Translation: AAA61253.1.
D00244 mRNA. Translation: BAA00175.1.
D11143 mRNA. Translation: BAA01919.1.
X02760 mRNA. Translation: CAA26535.1.
AF377330 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAK53822.1.
BC013575 mRNA. Translation: AAH13575.1.
K03226 mRNA. Translation: AAC97138.1.
K02286 Genomic DNA. Translation: AAA61252.1.
A21571 Unassigned DNA. Translation: CAA01559.1.
A18397 Unassigned RNA. Translation: CAA01390.1.
IPIIPI00296180.
PIRUKHU. A00931.
RefSeqNP_002649.1.
UniGeneHs.77274

3D structure databases

EntryMethodResolution (Å)ChainPositionsPDBsum
1C5WX-ray1.94A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1C5XX-ray1.75A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1C5YX-ray1.65A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1C5ZX-ray1.85A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1EJNX-ray1.80A179-431[»]
1F5KX-ray1.80U179-431[»]
1F5LX-ray2.10A179-431[»]
1F92X-ray2.60A179-431[»]
1FV9X-ray3.00A179-423[»]
1GI7X-ray1.79A156-178[»]
B179-423[»]
1GI8X-ray1.75A156-178[»]
B179-423[»]
1GI9X-ray1.80A156-178[»]
B179-423[»]
1GJ7X-ray1.50A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1GJ8X-ray1.64A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1GJ9X-ray1.80A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1GJAX-ray1.56A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1GJBX-ray1.90A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1GJCX-ray1.73A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1GJDX-ray1.75A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1KDUNMR-A69-153[»]
1LMWX-ray2.50A/C156-178[»]
B/D179-431[»]
1O3PX-ray1.81A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1O5AX-ray1.68A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1O5BX-ray1.85A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1O5CX-ray1.63A156-178[»]
B179-431[»]
1OWDX-ray2.32A179-423[»]
1OWEX-ray1.60A179-423[»]
1OWHX-ray1.61A179-423[»]
1OWIX-ray2.93A179-423[»]
1OWJX-ray3.10A179-423[»]
1OWKX-ray2.80A179-423[»]
1SC8X-ray2.40U164-425[»]
1SQAX-ray2.00A179-423[»]
1SQOX-ray1.84A179-423[»]
1SQTX-ray1.90A179-423[»]
1U6QX-ray2.02A179-423[»]
1URKNMR-A26-155[»]
1VJ9X-ray2.40U164-425[»]
1VJAX-ray2.00U164-425[»]
1W0ZX-ray1.90U179-425[»]
1W10X-ray2.00U179-425[»]
1W11X-ray2.00U179-425[»]
1W12X-ray2.40U179-425[»]
1W13X-ray2.00U179-425[»]
1W14X-ray2.20U179-425[»]
2FD6X-ray1.90A31-152[»]
2I9AX-ray1.90A/B/C/D19-163[»]
2I9BX-ray2.80A/B/C/D19-163[»]
2NWNX-ray2.15A179-431[»]
2O8TX-ray1.45A179-431[»]
2O8UX-ray1.70A179-431[»]
2O8WX-ray1.86A179-431[»]
2VINX-ray1.90A179-431[»]
2VIOX-ray1.80A179-431[»]
2VIPX-ray1.72A179-431[»]
2VIQX-ray2.00A179-431[»]
2VIVX-ray1.72A179-431[»]
2VIWX-ray2.05A179-431[»]
2VNTX-ray2.20A/B/C/D/E/F156-431[»]
3BT1X-ray2.80A19-153[»]
3BT2X-ray2.50A19-153[»]
ModBaseSearch...

PTM databases

GlycoSuiteDBP00749.
PhosphoSiteP00749.

Proteomic databases

PRIDEP00749.

Genome annotation databases

EnsemblENSG00000122861. Homo sapiens. [Contig view]
GeneID5328.
KEGGhsa:5328.

Organism-specific databases

GeneCardsGC10P075340.
HGNCHGNC:9052. PLAU.
HPAHPA008719.
MIM191840. gene.
PharmGKBPA33382.
GenAtlasSearch...

Phylogenomic databases

HOGENOMP00749.
HOVERGENP00749.

Enzyme and pathway databases

BRENDA3.4.21.73. 247.
Pathway_Interaction_DBamb2_neutrophils_pathway. amb2 Integrin signaling.
fgf_pathway. FGF signaling pathway.
avb3_opn_pathway. Osteopontin-mediated events.
ReactomeREACT_604. Hemostasis.

Gene expression databases

ArrayExpressP00749.
BgeeP00749.
CleanExHS_PLAU.
GermOnlineENSG00000122861. Homo sapiens.

Family and domain databases

InterProIPR006210. EGF-like.
IPR013032. EGF-like_reg_CS.
IPR000742. EGF_3.
IPR000001. Kringle.
IPR018056. Kringle_CS.
IPR018059. Kringle_sub.
IPR018114. Peptidase_S1/S6_AS.
IPR001254. Peptidase_S1_S6.
IPR001314. Peptidase_S1A.
[Graphical view]
Gene3DG3DSA:2.40.20.10. Kringle. 1 hit.
PfamPF00051. Kringle. 1 hit.
PF00089. Trypsin. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PRINTSPR00722. CHYMOTRYPSIN.
PR00018. KRINGLE.
ProDomPD000395. Kringle. 1 hit.
[Graphical view] [Entries sharing at least one domain]
SMARTSM00181. EGF. 1 hit.
SM00130. KR. 1 hit.
SM00020. Tryp_SPc. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
PROSITEPS00022. EGF_1. 1 hit.
PS01186. EGF_2. False negative.
PS50026. EGF_3. 1 hit.
PS00021. KRINGLE_1. 1 hit.
PS50070. KRINGLE_2. 1 hit.
PS50240. TRYPSIN_DOM. 1 hit.
PS00134. TRYPSIN_HIS. 1 hit.
PS00135. TRYPSIN_SER. 1 hit.
[Graphical view]
ProtoNetSearch...

Other Resources

BindingDBP00749.
DrugBankDB00594. Amiloride.
DB00013. Urokinase.
NextBio20628.
PMAP-CutDBP00749.
SOURCESearch...

Entry information

Entry nameUROK_HUMAN
AccessionPrimary (citable) accession number: P00749
Secondary accession number(s): Q15844, Q16618, Q969W6
Entry history
Integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: July 21, 1986
Last sequence update: March 20, 1987
Last modified: June 16, 2009
This is version 139 of the entry and version 1 of the sequence. [Complete history]
Entry statusReviewed (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Annotation projectHPI (Human Proteome Initiative)

Relevant documents

Human chromosome 10

Human chromosome 10: entries, gene names and cross-references to MIM

Human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

List of human entries with polymorphisms or disease mutations

Human polymorphisms and disease mutations

Index of human polymorphisms and disease mutations

MIM cross-references

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) cross-references in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PDB cross-references

Index of Protein Data Bank (PDB) cross-references

Peptidase families

Classification of peptidase families and list of entries

SIMILARITY comments

Index of protein domains and families

Names and origin · Protein attributes · General annotation (Comments) · Ontologies · Sequence annotation (Features) · Sequences · References · Web resources · Cross-references · Entry information · Relevant documents